The Heir Apparent (106 page)

 
10
.  Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 1, pp. 473–81.

 
11
.  Thomas Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm II and His Parents,” in
Kaiser Wilhelm II: The Corfu Papers
, ed. John Rohl and Nicholas Sombart (Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 73.

 
12
.  Rohl,
Young Wilhelm
, pp. 388–89.

 
13
.  William to Alexander III, 13 March 1885, in Lee,
Edward VII
, vol. 1, p. 486.

 
14
.  William to Emperor William I, 30 September 1885, in Rohl,
Young Wilhelm
, pp. 481–82.

 
15
.  
The Holstein Papers
, ed. Norman Rich and M. H. Fisher, vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1957), p. 254 (16 October 1885).

 
16
.  Lory Alder and Richard Dalby,
The Dervish of Windsor Castle: The Life of Arminius Vambery
(Bachman and Turner, 1979), pp. 231–32, 310–11.

 
17
.  Rich and Fisher,
Holstein Papers
, vol. 2, p. 254 (16 October 1885).

 
18
.  RA VIC/Add A5/479/6, B to Vicky, 9 March 1888.

 
19
.  Holmes,
Edward VII
, vol. 2, p. 370.

 
20
.  RA GV/AA16/56, B to George, 13 November 1887.

 
21
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1, Arthur Ellis to Francis Knollys, 18 March 1888.

 
22
.  RA VIC/Z68/34, Arthur Ellis to Henry Ponsonby, 16–17 March 1888.

 
23
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 12–15 June.

 
24
.  QVJ, 15 June 1888, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 417.

 
25
.  B to QV, 18 June 1888, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 419.

 
26
.  RA VIC/Add A5/479/19, B to Vicky, 27 June 1888.

 
27
.  Ibid.

 
28
.  RA VIC/Add A5/479/20, B to Vicky, 29 June 1888.

 
29
.  RA VIC/Add A5/479/21, B to Vicky, 4 July 1888.

 
30
.  RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 15 January 1889.

 
31
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 22, 29 August, 1, 2, 5 September.

 
32
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 10 September 1888.
The Times
, 11, 13 September 1888.

 
33
.  B to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 3 April 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 488.

 
34
.  See John Rohl,
Wilhelm II: The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900
, trans. Sheila de Bellaigue (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 77ff. for a full account.

 
35
.  RA VIC/Z281/2, Arthur Ellis to Colonel Swaine, 12 September 1886.

 
36
.  Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 73.

 
37
.  B to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 3 April 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 489.

 
38
.  Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 75.

 
39
.  Arthur Ellis to Henry Ponsonby, 19 April 1889, in Arthur Ponsonby,
Henry Ponsonby
, pp. 110–12.

 
40
.  Rohl,
Young Wilhelm
, pp. 741–42.

 
41
.  QV to Lord Salisbury, 15 October 1888, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 441.

 
42
.  Judith Listowel,
A Habsburg Tragedy: Crown Prince Rudolf
(Ascent Books, 1978), p. 183.

 
43
.  Salisbury’s Memo, 13 October 1888, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 440. Andrew Roberts,
Salisbury
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999), pp. 484–87.

 
44
.  QV to Salisbury, 15 October 1888, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 440–41.

 
45
.  Alix to George, 17 October 1888, in Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 84.

 
46
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 211. Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 486.

 
47
.  QV to Henry Matthews, 13 November 1888, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 449.

 
48
.  
The Times
, 10 November 1888. Camp,
Royal Mistresses
, p. 370.

 
49
.  See Stephen Knight,
Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution
(Grafton, 1977).

 
50
.  Matthew Sturgis,
Walter Sickert: A Life
(HarperCollins, 2005), pp. 625–29. Camp,
Royal Mistresses
, pp. 383–85.

 
51
.  First suggested in 1962 by Philippe Jullian in a biography of Edward VII, this theory was elaborated in 1970 by Dr. T. E. A. Stowell. See “Prince Albert Victor,” Casebook: Jack the Ripper,
http://​www.​casebook.​org/​suspects/​eddy.​html
.

 
52
.  See Aronson,
Prince Eddy
, pp. 93–102.

 
53
.  G. K. A. Bell,
Randall Davidson
(Oxford University Press, 1938), pp. 98–100.

 
54
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 30 January.

 
55
.  Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/48/13–14, B to Jennie Churchill, 11 February 1889.

 
56
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 537.

 
57
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 1, 4, 12 February. Bertie saw Count Kinsky, the Austrian attaché, on these days.

 
58
.  B to QV, 12 February 1889, in Fritz Judtmann,
Mayerling: The Facts Behind the Legend
(George Harrap, 1971), p. 279.

 
59
.  RA VIC/T9/117, General Keith Fraser (British military attaché in Vienna, B’s representative at Rudolf’s funeral) to Dighton Probyn, 22 February 1889.

 
60
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 217.

 
61
.  QV to B, 7 February 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 467.

 
62
.  Lord Salisbury to QV, 9 March 1889, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 477.

 
63
.  Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, p. 91.

 
64
.  Kohut, “Kaiser William II and His Parents,” in Rohl and Sombart,
Corfu Papers
, pp. 84–85.

 
65
.  Vicky to QV, 7 March 1889, in Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, p. 572.

 
66
.  RA VIC/Add A4/9, B to Vicky, 15 May 1889. RA VIC/Z281/45, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 12 May 1889.

 
67
.  RA VIC/Add A4/6, B to Vicky, 24 April 1889.

 
68
.  QVJ, 23–7 April 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 495–97.

 
69
.  Lord Salisbury to QV, 11 May 1889, in Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, pp. 96–97.

 
70
.  RA VIC/Add A4/11, QV to Kaiser William, 25 May 1889 (copy). Rohl,
Wilhelm II
, pp. 97–98.

 
71
.  RA VIC/Add A4/12, B to Vicky, 29 May 1889.

 
72
.  RA VIC/T9/161, Kaiser William to QV, 28 May 1889 (copy extract).

 
73
.  Henry Ponsonby to Prince Christian, 1 June 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 501.

 
74
.  RA VIC/Z281 contains drafts of letters to the kaiser from Marlborough House and Windsor, May 1889.

 
75
.  Francis Knollys to Prince Christian, 8 June 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 501.

 
76
.  RA VIC/Add A4/14, B to Vicky, 18 June 1889.

 
77
.  Kaiser William to Edward Malet, 14 June 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, p. 505.

 
78
.  Kaiser William to QV, 23 June 1889, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 505.

 
79
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 2–6 August. QVJ, 2, 5, 8 August 1889, in Buckle,
Letters
(3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 520–22.

 
80
.  Kaiser William to Herbert Bismarck, 7 August 1889, in John Rohl,
Wilhelm II
(Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 104.

 
81
.  Kaiser William to QV, 17 August 1889, in ibid., p. 106.

 
82
.  Vicky to QV, 27 July 1889, in Pakula,
Uncommon Woman
, p. 574.

  
1
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.

  
2
.  Frank Harris, “First Gentleman of Europe: Stories of Edward Prince of Wales,”
Pearson’s Magazine
, October 1916, p. 316. The articles Harris wrote for
Pearson’s Magazine
in America during the First World War were based on information and letters supplied by Lady Warwick.

  
3
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1881: 30 April. Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 61.

  
4
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1886: 19 June.

  
5
.  Warwick,
Life’s Ebb and Flow
, p. 182. According to Lady Warwick, this story was related to her by Evelyn Paget, who was in waiting on Queen Victoria and was a great friend of her mother. But Queen Victoria doesn’t mention the incident in her journal, nor is there any record that Lady Warwick ever stayed with Queen Victoria. (Information from Royal Archives.)

  
6
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 559.

  
7
.  Manchester,
Candid Recollections
, p. 64.

  
8
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, pp. 65–66.

  
9
.  Sushila Anand,
Daisy
(Piatkus, 2008), p. 50. Margaret Blunden,
The Countess of Warwick
(Cassell, 1967), p. 67.

 
10
.  Hatfield House, Salisbury Papers, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.

 
11
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.

 
12
.  John Juxon,
Lewis and Lewis
(Collins, 1983), pp. 236–37.

 
13
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Salisbury, 22 July 1891.

 
14
.  Ibid.

 
15
.  
Pearson’s Magazine
, October 1916, p. 316. See Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, pp. 44–45, 255.

 
16
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 9–13 December.

 
17
.  Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick [9 December 1899, copy].

 
18
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 12 July 1891.

 
19
.  
Pearson’s Magazine
, October 1916.

 
20
.  Ibid.

 
21
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.

 
22
.  Blunden,
Countess of Warwick
, p. 77.

 
23
.  RA VIC/Z50/48, Vicky to QV, 20 June 1891.

 
24
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 6 July 1891.

 
25
.  Hatfield House 3M/E, Copy of Proposed Letter from Lord C. Beresford to P. of Wales: sent to me July 23 by Lady Charles, apparently to obtain my advice [in Salisbury’s hand: endorsed “Letter not sent at Lord S’s advice.”].

 
26
.  Hatfield House 3M/E, Lord Salisbury to Lord C. Beresford, 10 August 1891. Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 559.

 
27
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to B, 18 December 1891.

 
28
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 42.

 
29
.  Francis Knollys to Schomberg McDonnell, 19 December 1891, in Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 296.

 
30
.  Arthur Balfour to Lady Salisbury, 23 December 1891, in
Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence: Letters Exchanged Between the Third Marquess of Salisbury and His Nephew A.J. Balfour 1869–92
, ed. Robin Harcourt Williams (Herts. Record Society, 1988), p. 321.

 
31
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 560.

 
32
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell to Lord Salisbury, 17 December 1891.

 
33
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to B, 21 December 1891.

 
34
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Duke of Portland to Lady C. Beresford, February 1892. Mina retained one copy.

 
35
.  Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 12 July 1891.

 
36
.  B to Lord Waterford, 6 April 1892, in Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 236.

 
37
.  Manchester,
Candid Recollections
, pp. 62–63. See Vane,
Affair of State
, p. 187.

 
38
.  RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Knollys, 8 April 1892. Bertie was referring here to the American Mrs. Arthur Paget: See
this page
.

 
39
.  Frederic Whyte,
Life of W. T. Stead
(Cape, 1925), vol. 2, p. 104.

 
40
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 558.

 
41
.  Kenneth Rose,
The Later Cecils
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975), p. 53.

 
42
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 217.

 
43
.  RA VIC/Add A5/468, Statement of Prince of Wales’s Income 1881–1900.

 
44
.  Bahlman,
Diary of Edward Hamilton
, vol. 2, p. 539 (4 January 1884).

 
45
.  Ibid., vol. 2, p. 552 (3 February 1884).

 
46
.  Ibid., vol. 2, p. 598 (21 April 1884).

 
47
.  Williams,
Contentious Crown
, pp. 62–64.

 
48
.  
Hansard
, vol. 338, cols. 1291–95, Labouchere’s speech, 25 July 1889.

 
49
.  Ibid., vol. 338, col. 1338.

 
50
.  Rothschild Archive RAL000/73 111/105, B to Natty Rothschild, 15 March 1885.

 
51
.  Rothschild Archive RAL000/73 111/105, Correspondence re Advance to Prince of Wales, 1889. Receipt for £60,000 advanced 25 July 1893 to Prince of Wales. See Niall Ferguson,
The World’s Banker
, p. 771.

 
52
.  Penny Crowe Archive, Prince Albert Victor to James Mackenzie, 20 August 1889; B to James Mackenzie, 18 August 1889.

 
53
.  Penny Crowe Archive, B to James Mackenzie, 3 October 1889.

 
54
.  Penny Crowe Archive, B to James Mackenzie, March 1887.
The Times
, 23 August 1890.

 
55
.  Bertie’s letters to James Mackenzie survive only for 1887–89, but Mackenzie clearly knew about Bertie’s finances in 1884: Bahlman,
Diary of Edward Hamilton
, vol. 2, p. 538 (4 January 1884).

 
56
.  Author information, Penny Crowe, June 2010.

 
57
.  Vincent,
Derby Diaries 1878–93
, p. 867.

 
58
.  See Anthony Allfrey,
Edward VII and His Jewish Court
(Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991), pp. 70–97.

 
59
.  Vincent,
Derby Diaries 1878–93
, p. 867.

 
60
.  Allfrey,
Jewish Court
, p. 102. Pat Thane, “Maurice de Hirsch,”
ODNB
.

 
61
.  Magnus,
Edward VII
, p. 219.

 
62
.  RA GV/AA18/32, B to George, 12 October 1890. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 6–18 October.

 
63
.  RA GV/AA18/32, B to George, 12 October 1890.

 
64
.  Allfrey,
Jewish Court
, p. 101. Watson,
King Edward VII as a Sportsman
, p. 338.

 
65
.  RA GV/AA18/33, B to George, 19 October 1890.

 
66
.  Ruffer,
Big Shots
, p. 71.

 
67
.  Warwick,
Afterthoughts
, p. 40.

 
68
.  
Life with Queen Victoria: Marie Mallet’s Letters from Court, 1887–1901
, ed. Victor Mallet (John Murray, 1968), p. 30 (28 July 1889).

 
69
.  RA VIC/Add A4/15, B to Vicky, 27 June 1889. See
this page
.

 
70
.  RA VIC/Z456/64, QV to B, 15 July 1889. RA VIC/Z456/69, QV to Princess Louise, 16 July 1889. RA VIC/Z456/67, QV to Lord Fife, 18 July 1889.

 
71
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 7 October 1906.

 
72
.  Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 192.

 
73
.  Giles St. Aubyn,
The Royal George: The Life of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
(Constable, 1963), p. 299.

 
74
.  Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 193.

 
75
.  Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/3, Lord Arthur Somerset
to Reginald Brett, 10 September 1889. H. Montgomery Hyde,
The Cleveland Street Scandal
(W. H. Allen, 1976), p. 42.

 
76
.  Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 30 September 1889, in Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, p. 42.

 
77
.  James Lees-Milne,
The Enigmatic Edwardian: The Life of Reginald, 2nd Viscount Esher
(Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986), p. 78.

 
78
.  This is preserved in the Esher papers in the Churchill Archives Centre, reference ESHR 12/3.

 
79
.  Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/13, Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 5 October 1889. Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, p. 81.

 
80
.  Hamilton Cuffe to Lord Halsbury, Lord Chancellor, 16 October 1889, in Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, pp. 90–91.

 
81
.  Ibid., p. 90.

 
82
.  Knollys was accused of leaking against Salisbury. During the debate on 28 February 1890, the Liberal MP Henry Labouchere, the editor of
Truth
, was challenged to supply the name of his informant for the allegation that Salisbury had tipped off Probyn about the warrant for Lord Arthur Somerset’s arrest. He theatrically wrote a name on a piece of paper, and then tore it up into tiny pieces. Afterward, an MP picked up the pieces, and revealed that the name was Sir Francis Knollys. This prompted Knollys to give an explanation to the PM in an interview with Schomberg McDonnell. According to McDonnell’s memo, Knollys admitted that he had seen Labouchere in November, but claimed he had told him only one thing: that Lord Arthur had fled on the same day as the King’s Cross meeting. “Sir Francis Knollys assures me that with the exception of the above remark he said literally nothing,” noted McDonnell. (Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell’s Memo of Conversation with Francis Knollys, 2 March 1890.)

 
83
.  Aronson,
Prince Eddy
, pp. 141–43.

 
84
.  Roberts,
Salisbury
, p. 546. A memo by Schomberg McDonnell, Salisbury’s private secretary, appears to vindicate Salisbury. It records an interview with a certain General Marshall, who claimed to have been alerted by Colonel Pearson, the assistant commissioner of police, about the damning evidence against Lord Arthur Somerset. Marshall told Pearson to warn Probyn. This memo is minuted by Salisbury in red ink: “If General Marshall’s impression is accurate Probyn played me an ugly trick for he did his best to make me assent to a letter which would have implied that he had obtained his information from my conversation. He told me that he had no communication with Somerset for several weeks before the flight.” (Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell to Salisbury, 21 September 1891.)

 
85
.  B to Lord Salisbury, 25 October 1889, in Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, p. 96.

 
86
.  Oliver Montagu to Lady Waterford, 10 December 1889, in Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, p. 122.

 
87
.  Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/3, Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 10 December 1889.

 
88
.  Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 2 January 1890.

 
89
.  Aronson,
Prince Eddy
, p. 170.

 
90
.  Cook,
Prince Eddy
, pp. 173–74, 197.

 
91
.  Oliver Montagu to Lady Waterford, December 1889, in Hyde,
Cleveland Street
, p. 124.

 
92
.  Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, T77, Eddy to Louis Mountbatten, 7 October 1889.

 
93
.  Quoted in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 194.

 
94
.  RA VIC/Z456/160, B to QV, 31 March 1890.

 
95
.  RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 18 May 1890.

 
96
.  Arthur Balfour to Lord Salisbury, 30 August 1890, in Harcourt-Williams,
Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence
, p. 321.

 
97
.  QV to Eddy, 19 May 1890, in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 196.

 
98
.  Quoted in Pope-Hennessy,
Queen Mary
, p. 197.

 
99
.  RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 29 August.