The Empire of Necessity (38 page)

14.
Amasa Delano in 1816.

15.
The two-masted
Perseverance
displaying its banner, pennant, and flag.

16.
Liverpool’s monument to Lord Nelson, around the time of Herman Melville’s visit.

17.
“I never could look at their swarthy limbs and manacles, without being involuntarily reminded of four African slaves in the market-place.”

18.
A successful rancher and slaver, Juan Nonell sat for this portrait in the 1830s, more than twenty-five years after selling Babo, Mori, and the rest of the West Africans to Alejandro de Aranda.

19 and 20.
In a world where fashion vied with religion and law in maintaining rank, house slaves, including children, served as status symbols.

21.
Map of the country between Buenos Aires and the Pacific Ocean, c. 1885.

22.
Pampas wagons were called buques, or boats. Photograph by Samuel Boote, c. 1885.

23.
Approaching the Andes from Mendoza. This drawing (along with number 24, on the next page) illustrates Charles Darwin,
Journal of Researches
.

24 and 25.
Crossing the Andes. Notice the mule, having lost its footing, tumbling into the gorge.

26.
Babo, Mori, and the other West Africans traveled along this road to Valparaiso before being boarded on the
Tryal
.