The Domesticated Brain (33 page)

37
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38. Frans de Waal (2007),
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39
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Behavioral and Brain Sciences,
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40
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41
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42
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43
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44
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45
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
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CHAPTER 2

1
. John Locke, (1690),
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2
. William James (1890),
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3
. Immanual Kant (1781),
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4
. J. M. Fuster (2003),
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5
. F. A. C. Azevedo
et al.
(2009), ‘Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain’,
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This is the most recent analysis of the human neural architecture. They estimated that there were 85 billion nonneuronal cells and 86 billion neuronal cells.

6
. R. C. Knickmeyer, S. Gouttard, C. Kang, D. Evans, K. Wilber, J. K. Smith
et al.
(2008), ‘A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years’,
Journal of Neuroscience
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7
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8
. David A. Drachman (2005), ‘Do we have brain to spare?’,
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, 64, 2004–5.

9
. This is a paraphrase of Donald Hebb’s rules of neuronal learning and synaptic plasticity.

D. O. Hebb (1949),
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10
. Elizabeth S. Spelke, (2000), ‘Core knowledge’,
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11
. Valerie A. Kuhlmeier, Paul Bloom and Karen Wynn (2004), ‘Do 5-month-old infants see humans as material objects?’,
Cognition
, 94, 95–103.

12
. Aina Puce and David Perrett (2003), ‘Electrophysiology and brain imaging of biological motion’,
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13
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14
. F. Simion, L. Regolin and H. Bulf (2008), ‘A predisposition for biological motion in the newborn baby’,
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15
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Infant Behavior & Development
, 9, 133–50.

16
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Parent-Infant Interactions
, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 103–17.

17
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Navigating the Social World. What Infants, Children, and Other Species Can Teach Us
, New York: Oxford University Press.

18
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, 72, 708–17.

19
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, 1, 59–67.

20
. F. Heider and M. Simmel (1944), ‘An experimental study of apparent behavior’,
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21
. Dan C. Dennett (1971), ‘Intentional systems’,
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, 68, 87–106.

22
. Val Kuhlmeier, Karen Wynn and Paul Bloom (2003), ‘Attribution of dispositional states by 12-month-olds’,
Psychological Science
, 14, 402–8.

23
. J. Kiley Hamlin, Karen Wynn and Paul Bloom (2010), ‘Three-month-olds show a negativity bias in their social evaluations’,
Developmental Science
, 13, 923–9.

24
. A. L. Yarbus (1967),
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(trans. B. Haigh), New York: Plenum Press.

25
. Stewart Guthrie (1993),
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, Oxford University Press.

26
. Nancy Kanwisher, Josh McDermott and Marvin M. Chun (1997), ‘The Fusiform Face Area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception’,
Journal of Neuroscience
, 17, 4302–11.

27
. Michael Argyle and Janet Dean (1965), ‘Eye-contact, distance and affiliation’,
Sociometry
, 28, 289–304.

28
. A. Frischen, A. P. Bayliss, S. P. Tipper (2007), ‘Gaze cueing of attention: visual attention, social cognition, and individual differences’,
Psychological Bulletin
, 133, 694–724.

29
. Bruce Hood, Doug Willen and Jon Driver (1998), ‘An eye direction detector triggers shifts of visual attention in human infants’,
Psychological Science
, 9, 53–6.

30
. M. Von Grünau and C. Anston (1995), ‘The detection of gaze direction: a stare-in-the-crowd effect’,
Perception
, 24, 1297–1313.

31
. Reginald B. J. Adams, Heather L. Gordon, Abigail A. Baird, Nalini Ambady and Robert E. Kleck (2003), ‘Effects of gaze on amygdala sensitivity to anger and fear faces’,
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, 300, 1536.

32
. Teresa Farroni, Gergely Csibra, Francesca Simion and Mark H. Johnson (2002), ‘Eye contact detection in humans from birth’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
, 99, 9602–5.

33
. S. M. J. Hains and D. W. Muir (1996), ‘Effects of stimulus contingency in infant–adult interactions’,
Infant Behavior & Development
, 19, 49–61.

34
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35
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36
. J. Kellerman, J. Lewis and J. D. Laird (1989), ‘Looking and loving: The effects of mutual gaze on feelings of romantic love’,
Journal of Research in Personality
, 23, 145–61.

37
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Developmental Science,
15, 417–25.

38
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Biology Letters,
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D. Francey and R. Bergmu¨ller (2012), Images of eyes enhance investments in a real-life public good. PLoS ONE 7, e37397.