The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (889 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Groote
,
Geert, Gerard or Gerard the Great
,
Geert, Gerard or Gerard the Great
(1340–84),
founder of the Brothers and Sisters of the Common Life. Born of a wealthy family in Deventer, he studied theology and law at Paris. After a somewhat worldly life, he spent three years in a
Carthusian
monastery, and became attracted by the teachings of
Ruysbroek
. He became a powerful preacher, attacking abuses in the Church. In 1380, he and his friend, Florentius Radewijns, established a group for the development of personal piety. From this group, the Brethren developed; and in 1383, he wrote a Rule for a similar community of women. In effect, this was the creation of the Devotio Moderna, the ‘up-to-date devotion’ which brought the practice of the presence of God into the midst of everyday life.
founder of the Brothers and Sisters of the Common Life. Born of a wealthy family in Deventer, he studied theology and law at Paris. After a somewhat worldly life, he spent three years in a
Carthusian
monastery, and became attracted by the teachings of
Ruysbroek
. He became a powerful preacher, attacking abuses in the Church. In 1380, he and his friend, Florentius Radewijns, established a group for the development of personal piety. From this group, the Brethren developed; and in 1383, he wrote a Rule for a similar community of women. In effect, this was the creation of the Devotio Moderna, the ‘up-to-date devotion’ which brought the practice of the presence of God into the midst of everyday life.
Grossteste, Robert
(
c.
1175–1253).
Scholar, reformer, and bishop of Lincoln. One of the most successful teachers in the early 13th cent., in 1224–35 he lectured at the
Franciscan
house of studies in Oxford. In 1235 he was appointed to Lincoln, and undertook a thorough visitation and reform of his diocese—which included Oxford. He translated a number of Greek works, including two by Aristotle, although in his own considerable philosophical writings he leant more heavily upon
Augustine
and
Neoplatonism
.
c.
1175–1253).
Scholar, reformer, and bishop of Lincoln. One of the most successful teachers in the early 13th cent., in 1224–35 he lectured at the
Franciscan
house of studies in Oxford. In 1235 he was appointed to Lincoln, and undertook a thorough visitation and reform of his diocese—which included Oxford. He translated a number of Greek works, including two by Aristotle, although in his own considerable philosophical writings he leant more heavily upon
Augustine
and
Neoplatonism
.
Gshen rab mi-bo-che
.
.
In
Tibetan Bon religion
, the Enlightened One of the present era and source of the ordering of Bon religion. Moved by the compassion witnessed also in
bodhisattvas
, he entered this world as manifestation (
rgyal tshab
) of the heavenly being,
gShen
. He engaged in stupendous battles with demons and with gods—who feared his power. He conquered them all, and acquired from them as spoil the sacred syllables of their strength. Three biographies of him remain religiously important.
Tibetan Bon religion
, the Enlightened One of the present era and source of the ordering of Bon religion. Moved by the compassion witnessed also in
bodhisattvas
, he entered this world as manifestation (
rgyal tshab
) of the heavenly being,
gShen
. He engaged in stupendous battles with demons and with gods—who feared his power. He conquered them all, and acquired from them as spoil the sacred syllables of their strength. Three biographies of him remain religiously important.
gterma
(class of Tibetan Buddhist texts)
:
(class of Tibetan Buddhist texts)
:
gter. ston
(discoverer of Tibetan Buddhist texts)
:
(discoverer of Tibetan Buddhist texts)
:
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