The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (788 page)

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Authors: John Bowker

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Five evil passions
.
In Sikh teaching, passions which typify the
manmukh
(wayward individual) whose
man
is prey to
haumai
(egoism). They result in suffering and rebirth. They are
k
m
(lust),
krodh
(anger),
lobh
(covetousness),
moh
(attachment to worldly things), and
ha
k
r
(pride).
Five faces
(of
iva)
:
Five fetters
:
Five great vows
(
mah
vrata
). Vows undertaken by Jain ascetics, accepted as fundamental to
Mah
v
ra's
teaching by both
Digambaras
and
vetamb
ras. They are
(i) 
ahi
s
, the avoidance of killing any life-form;
(ii) 
satya
, speaking and thinking the truth, and avoiding lies;
(iii) 
asteya
, not taking what is not given;
(iv) 
brahmacharya
, renunciation of all sexual activity, including any kind of contact with women;
(v) 
aparigraha
, detachment from all objects of the senses, and from possessions. A later sixth vow forbids eating after dark. For the lay (and less demanding) equivalents, see
ANUVRATA
.

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