The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (532 page)

(538–97).
The third patriarch, but in effect founder, of the
T'ien-t'ai
Buddhist school in China (his Jap. name is Chigi Chisha). In 576 he withdrew to Mount T'ien-t'ai (hence the name of the school), where his fame attracted to him the title ‘man of wisdom’,
chih-che
. He completed the first organized system of Buddhist teaching in China, and developed the practice of
chih-kuan
(Jap.
shikan
), as extensively practised still as his works on meditation are widely read: e.g.
Liu-miao famen
(The Six Marvellous Gates of Dharma),
T'ung-meng chih-kuan
(Chih-Kuan for Beginners).

 
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(Skt.,
amatha-
vipa
yan
;
Jap.,
shikan
). Meditation methods in the
T'ien-t'ai
Buddhist school. ‘Chih’ is the calming of the restless and distracted mind; ‘Kuan’ is the insight which then arises.

 
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(314–66).
Founder of the Prajña (wisdom) School of Chinese Buddhism. His particular importance was his adaptation of Chinese concepts in a Buddhist direction, thereby enabling the rapid assimilation of Buddhism into China.

 
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Chijang
.

Korean for
K
itigarbha
.

 
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Chij
tengoku
(heaven on earth)
: