(Skt.; P
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00006.jpg)
li,
sammana
; Chin.,
shamen
). In Eastern religions, the name given to members of male communities (usually translated as ‘monks’) or
ascetics
; the feminine (‘nuns’) is
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00004.jpg)
r
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00006.jpg)
mani. The
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00004.jpg)
r
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00006.jpg)
ma
![](/files/02/59/75/f025975/public/00026.jpg)
as were numerous at the time of the
Upani
ads
, and may have been precursors of Jains and Buddhists.