The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1992 page)

see
PENANCE
;
PENITENCE
;
TESHUVA
.

 
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(Lat.,
improperia
). A set of responses sung at the
veneration of the cross
on
Good Friday
.

 
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see
PREDESTINATION
.

 
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(Lat., ‘rest’). A
mass
offered for the dead. The opening words of the
introit
, which until recently began all such masses in the Roman rite, are: Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine (‘Lord, grant them eternal rest’). The 1970
missal
embodies a complete revision of these masses, and many of their previously distinctive characteristics, e.g. the requirement of black
vestments
, have disappeared.

 
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Rerum Novarum
.

Papal
encyclical
issued on 15 May 1891, ‘On the Condition of the Working Classes’. It represents the response of
Leo XIII
to problems created by the Industrial Revolution, and formulates a doctrine of work, profit, industrial relationships, social justice, and the necessity of a proper wage. A principal aim was ‘to keep under all strife and all its causes’.

 
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Reserved sacrament
.

Bread (occasionally wine) consecrated at the Christian
eucharist
and kept for devotion (see
BENEDICTION
) and for
communion
, especially for the sick. The practice is similar in the
Orthodox Church
, except that the reserved sacrament consists of the host with a drop of consecrated wine on it, and there are no extra-liturgical devotions.

 
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Resh Kallah
.