Remnant
(of Israel; Heb.,
she’erit Israel
). The few faithful Jews who are believed to survive calamitous punishment. The prophet
Isaiah
in particular developed this theme; his son was called Shear-Jashub (‘a remnant shall return’), and in ch. 6 it is promised that, despite the complete devastation of the land, a ‘holy seed’ shall remain. Similar doctrines can be found in
Micah
,
Jeremiah
, and
Joel
. To this day in the daily prayers are included the words, ‘Guardian of Israel, guard the Remnant of Israel and suffer not Israel to perish.’
Remonstrants:
Renan, Joseph-Ernest
(1823–92).
Historian of Jewish and Christian religion. He prepared for the
priesthood
in France, but felt unable to proceed to ordination. His work in Semitic languages led to his appointment as professor at the Collège de France. After an expedition to Syria and the Holy Land, he published, in 1863,
Vie de Jésus
, which won immediate fame (or notoriety). Renan attempted to rescue Jesus from the later impositions on his story made by enthusiastic disciples.
Miracles
, in particular, were either legends or embellishments of natural events. Renan was expelled from his post, not to be reinstated until the fall of the Second Empire in 1870. He continued to work on
Histoire des origines du christianisme
(1863–82, tr. 1897–1904), culminating in a study of Marcus Aurelius.
Rending of garments:
Rennyo
(Japanese Buddhist):