The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1937 page)

 
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(Pañj
b
, ‘the Kh
ls
shall rule’). Rallying cry of the Sikhs, introduced during the 18th cent. The first line concludes the
Ard
s
at the end of communal worship.

 
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(Arab., ‘to stone’, ‘to curse’).
1
The punishment of stoning to death for adultery or sexual intercourse outside the permitted relationships (
zin
’). The punishment appears in
ad
th
, not in
Qur’
n
, and is surrounded by careful conditions, e.g. four competent male witnesses must report the incident in detail, and if their evidence breaks down, they are themselves liable to severe punishment.
2
The casting of seven small stones during al-
ajj
. The original meaning is obscure (the rite is not mentioned in the Qur’
n). Traditionally, it is associated with the driving away of
Satan
(Shaitan, known as
raj
m
in Qur’
n).