The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1196 page)

of N
bh
j
.

 
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Kachh
(shorts)
:

see
FIVE KS
.

 
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(Jap.,
1669–1739).
A
Kokugaku
scholar and poet. At the age of 29 he taught poetry (
waka
, see
HAIKU
) at the court bureau of Prince My
h
in, the son of the emperor Reigen. His writings were mainly the exegesis of the Japanese classics and of the works related to ancient rituals and laws. Among his many disciples,
Kamo no Mabuchi
distinguished himself. Though the
Petition to Establish a School
may have been written by one of his disciples, there is no reason to doubt that he desired to establish an accredited institution for the exclusive study of Kokugaku.

 
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(
bka'.gdams
, ‘advice’). A school of Tibetan Buddhism which gave rise to the
Geluk
school under
Tsong
Khapa in the 15th cent. CE. The Kadam school was founded by Dromdon (’brom.ston), a pupil of
Ati
a
, with the establishment of the Radreng monastery in 1056, in answer to a need felt by Ati
a and Dromdon for monastic reform and discipline. At this time the
sa
gha
was not well ordered, and the interpretation of both ‘new’
tantras
flowing in from India, and of ‘old’ tantras already in Tibet, was not always well disciplined. The value of tantric practice was not denied by the Kadampas, but its students were given greater guidance as to the symbolic nature of the tantras and most importantly were taught to see them as founded upon the
s
tra
tradition. The Kadam school became renowned not only for its discipline (which involved four major abstentions—from marriage, intoxication, money, and travel) but also for the magical power of its ritual.