The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1157 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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na. He then enters the third jh
na by eliminating
p
ti
(ecstatic joy). The fourth jh
na is attained when all forms of pain and pleasure, sorrow and joy are transcended and upekkh
and mindfulness (
sati
) alone remain. He may now go on to develop the
brahma-vih
ra
meditations, or the
abhiññ
s
, or make the transition to the higher jh
nas of the formless realm. By now concentrating upon the infinite void or space left by the discarded image he is said to achieve the fifth jh
na. By shifting his concentration from the infinite space perceived to the act of infinite perception which does the perceiving, he enters the sixth jh
na. The seventh jh
na is marked by the removal of the act of perception itself, so that nothing at all remains. In the eighth and final jh
na the ‘idea’ of ‘nothing’ is removed and the meditator ceases conscious ideation altogether.
Jiba
(plot of land where man was created, according to Shinto sect)
:

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