The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution (59 page)

mentally ill women tested by, 174–80

Northborough, Mass. residence of, 85–86

official announcement of pill made by, 199–200, 201, 204, 213–18, 219, 258–59

ovulation experiments of, 8, 10, 21–23, 72–73, 74, 80, 99–100, 128–29, 154, 191, 225, 226

patents issues as viewed by, 128–29, 163, 300–301

personality of, 6–7, 8, 10, 22–23, 27–28, 62–63, 66–68, 82–89, 110, 189, 202–3, 204, 206–7, 216–17, 236–37, 261, 299–300, 307–8

physical appearance of, 1–2, 8–9, 65–66, 311–12

Planned Parenthood support for, 58–61, 99, 123–24, 128–30, 140, 143–44, 155–56, 163, 185–86, 193–95, 199, 300, 305–6, 312

population control as viewed by, 100, 155, 248, 312–13

press coverage of, 2, 8, 73–77, 80, 162–63, 259–60, 264, 265, 314

progesterone research of, 9–11, 20–28, 58–61, 73, 103, 110, 116, 117–20, 122, 123, 128–39, 143–46, 154, 156, 163, 165, 171–73, 175, 180, 190–95, 201, 204, 217–18, 225, 278, 301

progestins used by, 138, 144–45, 154–56, 190–95, 201, 296, 301

progress reports of, 128–29, 192–94, 315

public relations efforts of, 162–63, 164

rabbit experiments of, 2, 8, 9–11, 21–23, 58, 72–77, 80, 98–99, 116, 123, 128, 130, 134, 153, 157

rat experiments of, 22–23, 71, 98–99, 116, 128, 130, 134, 144, 153

reputation of, 1–2, 88–89, 99–102, 110, 214–20, 259–60, 309, 311–12, 315

Rice-Wray’s cooperation with, 168–71, 172

Rock’s relationship with, 103–4, 116, 117–18, 132–34, 140, 141, 156–57, 161, 181–82, 205, 207, 216, 218, 287, 312

salary of, 145, 301

Salk compared with, 162–63

Sanger’s first meeting with, 1–11, 103, 293, 331
n

Sanger’s support for, 1–11, 20, 23, 25, 26–28, 62, 98–101, 103, 140–42, 155, 171, 172, 179–80, 189, 192, 199–204, 235, 236, 260, 293, 309, 312, 331
n

in San Juan, 158, 169–70, 190

scientific career of, 67, 68, 69–82, 99–100, 119–20, 153–54, 205–6, 219–20, 235, 259–60, 300–301, 311–15, 322–23

Scrabble played by, 85

Searle’s support for, 232, 242–43, 245, 246, 248, 255–61, 264, 300–301, 313, 314

Searle stock owned by, 232, 255–56, 258, 300–301, 313, 314)

as sexologist, 68–69, 77–78, 206

in Sweden, 259

in Tokyo, 199, 205–7, 214–18, 219, 232, 311, 318

in Tucson, Ariz., 202–4

in Vineland, N.J., 68

in Woodbine, N.J., 64–65

at Worcester State Hospital, 93

writings of, 75–76, 314

Pincus, Joseph, 63–64

Pincus, Laura, 79, 82, 84, 87–88, 194, 217, 272–73, 299–300, 322–23

Pincus, Lizzie Lipman, 64, 66, 67–68

Pincus Progesterone Project (PPP), 132–34, 143–44

pinups, 18

Pittsburgh Press,
195

pituitary gland, 122, 205, 216

Pius XI, Pope, 107–8, 224, 225

Pius XII, Pope, 225, 270, 271, 284

placebo effect, 122, 250

placenta, 10

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 11, 22, 27, 58–61, 95, 98, 99, 123–24, 128–30, 140, 143–44, 164, 147–48, 155–56, 163, 169, 170–71, 185–86, 193–97, 199, 203–4, 212, 224–25, 231, 236, 268, 284, 291, 300, 305–6, 310, 312

Playboy,
17–18, 188–89, 265

Playboy Club, 294

“Plight of the Young Mother, The,” 197

pneumonia, 45–46, 96

pogroms, 62–63

polio vaccine, 162, 300

pomology, 67

Popular Library, 125

population control, 20, 24–25, 42–43, 58–61, 100, 123–25, 150–51, 160, 163–64, 167, 168, 193–97, 200, 223–24, 248, 285, 288, 304–6

Population Council, 103, 236

pornography, 17–18, 43–44, 56, 188–89, 279–80

Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 251–52

Portet, Lorenzo, 42

Post Office, U.S., 41, 44

Pratt, Caroline, 45

preeclampsia, 292

pregnancy, 1, 6, 10, 19–20, 29–30, 33, 34–39, 49–50, 55–56, 58, 73–75, 77, 105, 108–9, 115–17, 118, 126, 147–48, 165–66, 172–73, 177–78, 183–84, 205, 225–26, 240–41, 269–71, 278, 319–20

pregnanediol, 234

pregnenolone, 80–81

premarital sex, 186–87

prescriptions, 4, 49, 50–51, 257, 258–59, 260–61, 264, 270, 277–78, 280, 285–86, 289, 297, 301–3, 305, 316, 320–21

President Cleveland,
210

Presley, Elvis, 124–25, 188, 223

primates, 12–13

Private Life of Helen of Troy, The,
125

Procter & Gamble, 160

Productos Esteroides, 256

progesterone, 9–11, 20–28, 58–61, 73, 103, 110, 115–20, 122, 123, 128–39, 143–46, 154, 156, 163, 165, 171–73, 175, 180, 181–84, 190–95, 201, 204, 205, 217–18, 225, 232–33, 234, 278, 301

progestins, 138, 144–45, 154–56, 190–95, 201, 205, 232–33, 296, 301

promiscuity, 14, 54–55

prostitution, 14, 49, 53, 211, 313

Protestantism, 6, 50, 242, 297, 307

“pseudo pregnancies,” 115, 288

psychoanalysis, 187

psychosomatic symptoms, 249–50

psychotics, 179, 180

puberty, 10, 122

Puerto Rican Association of Population Studies, 170

Puerto Rico, 124, 158–73, 180, 189, 190, 192–95, 198, 201–2, 205, 213, 217, 227, 229–32, 238–43, 248, 249–54, 256, 260–61, 272–74, 292, 300, 304, 307–8

Puerto Rico, University of, 158, 172, 201–2

Puritanism, 6

Queens County Penitentiary, 47

Quines, Fanny, 241–42

rabbit experiments, 2, 8, 9–11, 21–23, 58, 72–77, 80, 98–99, 116, 123, 128, 130, 134, 153, 157

“racial hygiene,” 148

Rainbow, Jackie, 188

Rainwater, Lee, 150

rape, 65, 295

rat experiments, 22–23, 71, 98–99, 116, 128, 130, 134, 144, 153

Raymond, Albert L., 27, 144–45, 247–48, 331
n

Reader’s Digest,
111, 126, 306

Rebel Without a Cause,
222

reflexes, 70

Reich, Wilhelm, 16, 18

Reiland, Karl, 50

Remarque, Erich Maria, 125

reproductive rights, 3, 52, 55, 95–96, 105–6, 163–65, 183–84

Reston, James, 195–96

“rhythm method,” 38, 108–9, 112, 225–28, 271, 310

Rhythm of Sterility and Fertility in Women, The
(Latz), 108–9

Rice-Wray, Edris (Edie), 168–71, 172, 195–96, 238–43, 248, 249–50, 251, 282, 312

Richardson-Merrell Inc., 293–94

Rio Piedras neighborhood, 229–32, 238–43, 253–54, 272–73, 274

Road to Survival, The
(Vogt), 58, 123–24

Roberts, Mary Louise, 124

Rock, Anna Thorndike, 106

Rock, Jack, 182

Rock, John:

abortion as viewed by, 105

background of, 104–5

biography of, 227

as birth control advocate, 104, 109–13, 144, 181–89, 204, 227–28, 232–34, 242–43, 249, 259, 277–79, 287–90, 299, 306–7, 308, 309, 321–22

birth control pill promoted by, 249, 259, 277–79, 287–90, 299, 306–7, 308

as Catholic, 104, 105, 106, 110–11, 112, 113, 144, 181, 182, 184, 205, 227–28, 230, 232–34, 259, 269, 270, 277, 299, 306–7, 309–10, 311

correspondence of, 205

DeFelice’s meeting with, 287–90

estrogen treatments of, 115–17, 118, 132

finances and funding for, 181, 195, 277–79, 311

as gynecologist, 103–7, 111–13, 116, 182, 184, 287–90

at Harvard, 105, 181, 195

health of, 182–83

human trials conducted by, 156–58, 159, 171–72, 173, 195, 205, 206, 217, 229, 234, 260–61, 281–82, 283, 304

infertility research of, 111–18, 128, 130, 132–34, 140, 141, 145, 156–57, 161, 181–89, 193–94, 225, 226, 232

marriage as viewed by, 110–11

marriage of, 106, 277

personality of, 104–5, 110, 189, 234

physical appearance of, 105

Pincus’s relationship with, 103–4, 116, 117–18, 132–34, 140, 141, 156–57, 161, 181–82, 205, 207, 216, 218, 287, 312

as Planned Parenthood member, 182, 184–86, 188

population control supported by, 184

press coverage of, 111, 306–7

progesterone treatments of, 115–18, 128, 132–34, 181–84, 205, 232–33, 234

progestin tested by, 205, 232–33

Puerto Rican trials as viewed by, 159, 161, 189, 229, 230

“rebound effect” discovered by, 117, 134, 181, 257

reputation of, 110–11, 116, 181–89, 232–34, 287–90

Sanger’s views on, 109–10, 144, 181–82, 269

Searle’s support for, 260–61, 277–79, 311

sexuality as viewed by, 104–6, 110–11, 184–85

speeches of, 184–86, 188

women’s rights as viewed by, 105–6, 110–11

writings of, 111, 306–7, 309–10

Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 60–61, 284

Rockefeller Foundation, 24, 61, 136–38

Rockefeller Institute, 136–38

“Rock Rebound,” 117, 134, 181, 257

Rodriguez, Iris, 231–32, 240

Rome, 14

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 55

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 55

roosters, 121

Root Chemicals Inc., 256

Rosenkranz, George, 138

Rosset, Barney, 279

Rotary Club, 22

Roth, Philip, 279

Royal Scientific Society, 121

Royal Swedish Endocrine Society, 231

RU-486 pill, 314

rubber, 7, 47

Rublee, Juliet Barrett, 145–46, 203

Russell, Bertrand, 42, 54

Russia, 63

Ryan, John A., 109

Ryder Memorial Hospital, 250–51

Sabsovich, Hirsch Loeb, 63

Sachs, Sadie, 35

sacraments, 226–27

“safe periods,” 108, 225–26

St. Louis, Mo., 282

St. Vincent Hospital, 133

sales representatives, 301–2

Salinger, J. D., 188

Salk, Jonas, 162–63, 195, 300–301, 318

Sangai, 212

Sanger, Bill, 268

Sanger, Grant, 36, 45

Sanger, Margaret (Peggy), 36, 45–46

Sanger, Margaret Higgins:

arrests of, 41, 47, 49

articles written by, 35–36

background of, 30–31

biography of, 151–52, 203, 208, 266

as birth control advocate, 3–4, 20, 24–25, 30, 34–35, 41–60, 62, 98, 99, 100–101, 109–10, 140–52, 155, 179–82, 186, 187, 203–4, 208–9, 212–14, 220, 222, 223–24, 229, 235–36, 266–68, 276, 277, 291, 304–9, 317–22

birth control pill supported by, 3–4, 30, 258, 260, 293, 294, 295–96, 308

Catholic Church as viewed by, 31, 32, 109–10, 146, 266, 268–69, 293, 295–96, 305, 319

clinics founded by, 3, 46–47, 53, 54, 56, 59, 94, 147, 291

in Corning, N.Y., 30–32

correspondence of, 29–30, 49–50, 100–101, 145–46, 149, 192, 199–200, 203, 204, 235, 236, 267, 295–96, 304–5

death of, 318–19

diaries of, 45, 155

divorce of, 44–45, 51

education of, 32

elitism of, 53, 149

Ellis’s relationship with, 41–43

eugenics as viewed by, 42–43, 148–50

extramarital affairs of, 39, 41

as feminist, 3, 34–35, 39–40, 47, 146–47, 186, 187, 212, 220, 222, 223–24, 266–68

finances and funding of, 51–52, 56, 59

first marriage of, 33, 39, 44–46

in Greenwich Village, 33–34, 39

gynecologist hired by, 51–52

health of, 145–46, 155, 156, 195, 203–4, 208–9, 235–36, 266–68, 277, 305, 309

heart attacks of, 209, 309

imprisonment of, 47, 49

leadership of, 59–60, 186, 187, 203–4, 208–9, 223–24, 235–36

in London, 41–42

McCormick’s relationship with, 90, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100–101, 140–45, 149, 199–200, 204, 235, 304–5

as mother, 36, 41, 45–46, 267

nursing career of, 32, 34–35

obscenity and vice laws violated by, 41, 43–44, 49, 50–51, 56

pamphlets published by, 43–44, 47, 212

personality of, 36, 41–42, 45–46, 145–46, 266–68

photograph of, 212

physical appearance of, 1, 41–42

Pincus’s first meeting with, 1–11, 103, 293, 331
n

Pincus’s support for, 1–11, 20, 23, 25, 26–28, 62, 98–101, 103, 140–42, 155, 171, 172, 179–80, 189, 192, 199–204, 235, 236, 260, 293, 309, 312, 331
n

as Planned Parenthood leader, 98, 129, 146, 147–48, 155, 156, 186, 195, 199, 203–4, 212, 224–25, 236, 268, 291, 305

population control supported by, 150–51, 211–12, 305–6, 318

press coverage of, 47, 208–9, 210, 211, 212, 213–14, 266–69, 277, 295, 305, 319

racial views of, 53, 148–50

reputation of, 1, 29–30, 46–47, 53–54, 146, 151–52, 203–4, 208–9, 235–36, 266–69, 277, 317–19

Rock as viewed by, 109–10, 144, 181–82, 269

Rosicrusian interest of, 203

second marriage of, 51–52, 96–97, 267

sexual freedom promoted by, 4, 5–6, 25, 32, 34, 39, 51, 52–54, 109–10, 223–24, 317–18

as social reformer, 24–25, 34–40, 42–43, 47–48, 50–54, 150–52, 208–9, 211–12, 295

television appearances of, 146, 266–69, 277

in Tokyo, 202, 209, 210–15, 218, 219, 318

in Tucson, Ariz., 59, 155, 202–4, 267

wealth of, 59, 96–97

as widow, 96–97

Worcester Foundation visited by, 140–42

in Yokohama, 210

Sanger, Stuart, 36, 45, 305

Sanger, William, 33, 39, 43, 44–45

Sangerm, 212

“Sanger” medicine, 212

San Juan, Puerto Rico, 158, 167, 169–70, 190, 202

San Juan City Hospital, 202

“San Juan Weekend,” 167

Santa Barbara News-Press,
96

Sarah, 14

sarsaparilla root, 137–38

Satterthwaite, Adaline Pendleton, 250–51

Saturday Evening Post,
263, 306

schizophrenia, 3, 92–93, 154–55, 174–75, 177, 178–79

Science,
235

Science Digest,
263

scurvy, 176

Searle, Bill, 247

Searle, Claude, 246

Searle, Dan, 247

Searle, Gideon Daniel, 245–46

Searle, John G. (Jack), 242–48, 249, 254–57

sea urchins, 70

Seconal, 203

Second Sex, The
(Beauvoir), 146–47

Secret Places of the Heart, The
(Wells), 42

sedatives, 177, 178, 293–94

Seduction of the Innocent,
126

seed, 13–14, 107

Segal, Sheldon, 88–89

segregation, racial, 319

semen, 13–14, 38, 107, 112

senile dementia, 305

“Serious Stinkers, The,” 85

Seventh-day Adventists, 242