The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution (57 page)

Casanova, Giacomo, 7

“Casti Cunnubii” (Of Chaste Wedlock”) encyclical (1930), 107–8

Castle, William, 69, 75

castration, 121

Catcher in the Rye, The
(Salinger), 188

Catholic Church, 14, 20, 31, 32, 50, 52, 104–13, 119–20, 144, 146, 160, 161, 167, 181–92, 197, 205, 220–34, 239–40, 248, 254, 259, 263, 266, 268–71, 273, 277, 278–79, 283, 284, 293–99, 303–11, 313, 319

Catholic Digest,
226

Catholic Society of Midwives, 225

cautery machines, 250

CBS, 306

cell divisions, 76

Census Bureau, U.S., 195

cervical caps, 3, 7, 38, 47

cervical inflammation, 251

cervical mucus, 205

cervix, 38, 205, 251

Cesarean sections, 113

Chang, Isabelle, 88

Chang, M. C., 7–11, 21–23, 88, 98, 99, 141, 144, 191, 216, 217, 252, 282, 312, 322

Cheaper by the Dozen,
197

Chemie Grünenthal, 263

Chesler, Ellen, 36, 55

Chicago, 169, 229–30, 279–80

chickens, 119

childbirth, 43, 204, 219, 251, 255

children, 18–20, 43, 57, 59, 112, 197, 278

“child spacing,” 57, 59, 112, 197, 278

chlorpromazine, 177

cholera, 61

cholesterol, 137, 154–55

Christianity, 6, 50, 242, 297, 307

see also
Catholic Church

Christie, Agatha, 85

CIT, 79

civil rights movement, 319

Clark, Septima, 220

Clark University, 2–3, 15, 78–81, 131

Claverack College, 32

Clinical Research Bureau, 94

clitoral hypertrophy, 290–91

Cold War, 196

Collier’s,
76–77, 259–60

Colton, Frank, 139, 144, 191, 256

comic books, 126

Committee for the Suppression of Vice (YMCA), 43

Committee on Maternal Health (AMA), 105

communism, 18, 24, 186, 285

Comstock, Anthony, 43–44, 276

Comstock Law, 44, 276, 295

Conant, James B., 72, 77

concubines, 14

condoms, 3, 7, 19, 38, 47, 49, 50, 112, 124, 167, 213, 275, 291–92

Confidential,
125–26

Congress, U.S., 44, 50, 285, 295

Connecticut, 276, 318

Connery, John, 271

consent forms, 116

Constitution, U.S., 94, 318

contraception,
see
birth control

Control of Conception
(Dickinson), 56

Control of Fertility, The
(Pincus), 314

Córdoba, Mexico, 135–36

Cornell University, 66–68

coronary heart disease, 209

Coronet,
111

cortisone, 26, 205

Cowley, Malcolm, 15

Crawford, Bruce, 153

cresol, 37–38

crime, 52–53, 165, 294–95

criminal codes, 294–95

Crozier, William J., 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77

Cushing, Richard, 111

Customs, U.S., 56

Dark Angel, The,
114

Darwin, Charles, 48

Davenport, Charles B., 148

Dean, James, 222

Debs, Eugene, 33–34

Decameron,
(Boccaccio), 188–89

DeFelice, Pasquale, 283–92

deformities, birth, 61, 157, 263, 289, 292–93, 295

Demerol, 146, 203

Democratic Party, 285

Departamento de Salud, Puerto Rican, 169, 229, 239

depression, 177–78

“detail men,” 301–2

developing countries, 164, 195–97

Devon, 296

diabetes, 123, 282, 292

“Dialpak,” 316

diaphragms, 19, 47, 51–52, 56, 94–95, 112, 113, 169, 212, 225, 251, 255, 275, 279, 291–92, 312

Dickinson, Robert, 56

Dickinson Research Memorial fund, 129

Dietrich, Marlene, 186

Dilantin, 262

diphtheria, 282

divorce, 56, 187, 318

Dixon, Sue, 244–45, 247

Dixon, Wes, 244, 245, 247

Djerassi, Carl, 138–39, 144, 191, 232, 256

Dodge, Mabel, 33–34

dogs, 121

domestic labor, 37

Doubleday, 151

“double effect,” 270–71

douches, 38, 112

Dower, John W., 210–11

Draper, William H., 284–85, 295

Draper Report, 284–85, 295

Drysdale, George, 43

Du Bois, W. E. B., 53, 54

Dutton, Geoff, 236–37

dysmenorrhea, 257

Eberstadt, Mary, 309

Edinburgh, University of, 21

“Effect of Progesterin and Progesterone on Ovulation in the Rabbit, The” (Makepeace, Weinstein, and Friedman), 9

eggs, 8, 10, 13, 75–76, 116, 118, 199, 204, 233

see also
ovulation

Eggs of Mammals, The
(Pincus), 75–76

Egypt, 7

Ehrenstein, Max, 138–39

Einstein, Albert, 16, 78, 206

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 145, 162, 195, 196, 295

ejaculation, 10, 13, 37, 113

electroshock therapy, 84, 178

Elements of Social Science, The
(Drysdale), 43

Ellis, Henry Havelock, 41–43, 48, 69, 148–49

Embracing Defeat
(Dower), 210–11

embryos, 10, 73–74

endocrine glands, 122

endocrinology, 93, 121–22

endometrial biopsies, 112, 130, 159, 192–93, 273–74, 281–82

endometriosis, 270

endometrium, 205, 270

Enovid, 242, 249–50, 252, 256–59, 260, 261, 262–63, 264, 269–70, 273–75, 277, 278, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 289, 290, 296, 297–99, 302, 304, 305, 311, 313, 317

see also
pill, birth control

Enovid-E, 313, 317

Enzman, E. V., 73, 75

Episcopal Church, 50

E. R. Squibb & Co., 246

Esquire,
312

“Essay on the Principle of Population, An” (Malthus), 47–48

estrogen, 10, 72, 73, 115–17, 118, 122, 138, 177, 218, 242–43, 278, 301

estrus,
13

Ethyl Corporation, 136

eugenics, 24–25, 42–43, 52–53, 71, 73–74, 148–50

Eugenics Record Office, 148

Evangelist,
268–69

extractions, 122–23

extramarital affairs, 5, 14, 17, 56, 186–87, 311

fallopian tubes, 10, 183

Falloppio, Gabriele, 7

false pregnancies, 115, 118

“family control,” 46

family planning, 6, 20, 24, 43, 46, 57, 108–10, 123, 133, 148, 150, 164–65, 168–71, 177–78, 184–86, 197–98, 231–32, 268, 278, 285, 302

Family Planning Association of England, 296

Family Planning Association of Puerto Rico, 168, 229, 239

Fascism, 71

fatigue, 158

“feeblemindedness,” 52–53

Feminine Mystique, The
(Friedan), 187

feminism, 3, 34–35, 39–40, 47, 146–47, 186, 187, 212, 220, 222, 223–24, 266–68, 319–20, 321

Fernández Fuster, Manuel, 172

fetuses, 10, 105, 270–71

fevers, 78

Fifth International Conference of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (1955), 199–200, 201, 209, 210–18, 219

Fifties The: A Women’s Oral History
(Harvey), 18–20

flappers, 126

Flower, Bardwell, 176–77

fluid retention, 290

Flynn, Errol, 126

foams, spermicidal, 140

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 242–43, 245, 253, 256–57, 258, 261–62, 274–75, 277, 281–92, 297–303, 308, 311

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938), 282

Ford, Henry, 54

Fortune,
275

Foucault, Michel, 53–54

Fourth International Conference on Planned Parenthood (1953), 147–48

France, 314

Freedom Riders, 319

Free Hospital for Women, 105, 132–34

“free love,” 39

Free Synagogue, 65

Freud, Sigmund, 14–16, 18, 32, 34, 78–79, 187

Friedan, Betty, 187, 319

Friedman, M. H., 9

frozen eggs, 154

Gamble, Clarence, 60, 160–61, 231, 250

Gamble, David Berry, 160

Garcia, Celso-Ramón, 233, 242

Garcia, Julia, 241

gasoline, 136

G. D. Searle & Co., 26–28, 79, 118–20, 139, 144–45, 162, 191, 205, 206, 232, 240, 242–48, 249, 254–61, 264, 274–79, 283, 285–92, 293, 297–304, 311, 313, 314, 315–16, 331
n

gender roles, 126, 187–88, 220, 319–20

General Electric (GE), 64

Genesis, Book of, 107

genetics, 71–72, 174

“genital stagnation,” 16

germs, 174, 175

Gershwin, George and Ira, 215

Gimbels department store, 19

“girlie magazines,” 18, 279–80

glucose, 123

goats, 122

God, 45, 55, 65, 71, 108, 169, 221, 226, 267, 279

Goldin, Claudia, 320

Goldman, Emma, 34

gonads, 122

Good, Frederick, 111

Goodbye, Columbus
(Roth), 279

Good Housekeeping,
306–7

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 7

Grable, Betty, 18

Great Britain, 14, 258, 296, 321

Great Depression, 79, 109, 187, 194

Greenway, Isabella, 202–3

Griswold v. Connecticut,
318

Grove Press, 279, 281

guinea pigs, 121

Guttmacher, Alan, 103–4

gynecologists, 51–52, 103–4, 131–32, 158, 245, 257, 259, 262, 278, 289, 314

hair loss, 119–20, 145

Haiti, 251–52, 273, 274, 304

Hale, Robert, 41

Hannaford, Philip, 321

Harlem, 53

Harvard University, 2, 9, 69–78, 79, 93, 102, 103–4, 105, 111, 131, 154, 176, 181, 195, 206–7, 259, 309

Harvey, Brett, 18–20

Harvey, John L., 299

Harvey, William, 14

Hayes, Patrick, 55

Haywood, Bill, 34

headaches, 251

heart attacks, 292

heart disease, 321

Hechter, Oscar, 88

Hefner, Hugh, 5, 17–18, 188–89, 265, 294

hemorrhages, 167

Henry Street Settlement House, 34–35

Henshaw, Paul, 128–30, 131, 143

hereditary conditions, 52–53

Higgins, Ethel, 47

Higgins, Mary, 32

Higgins, Michael, 31–32

Higgins, Nan, 32

High School of Commerce, 104

Hindus, 124

Hippocrates, 13–14

Hirsch, Maurice de, 63

Hoagland, Hudson, 3, 26, 71–72, 78–81, 82, 83, 93, 99, 153, 154, 156, 176, 322

Hoagland-Pincus Conference Center, 322

Holland-Rantos Co., 51–52

homosexuality, 17, 180

Honeymooners, The,
188

hoof-and-mouth disease, 185

Hoover, Herbert, 196

Hormone Quest, The
(Maisel), 331
n

hormone research, 9–11, 23–28, 58–61, 72, 74, 80–81, 82, 84, 93, 98–99, 115–17, 121–23, 135–39, 154–55, 157, 176

hormone therapy, 84

Hotel McAlpin, 54

Humacao, Puerto Rico, 250–51, 253, 272–73, 274

“Humanae Vitae” encyclical (1968), 310

human rights, 55

Huxley, Aldous, 71, 73, 74

hydrogen atoms, 137, 138–39

hypertension, 292

hysterectomies, 113–14, 270

illegitimate children, 18, 19, 20

Illinois Tool Works, 315

illiteracy, 53, 213, 274

“immaculate conception,” 75

immigration, 34–35, 148–49, 164, 220

Imparcial,
239

Imperial Hotel, 214

India, 295

Industrial Revolution, 48

infections, 38, 120

Ingersoll, Robert, 31–32

injections, 72, 214

insomnia, 263

insulin, 84, 123, 175, 178

insulin shock therapy, 84, 175, 178

International Harvester, 96

International Planned Parenthood Federation, 147, 199–200, 201, 209, 210–18, 219

Interpretation of Dreams, The
(Freud), 15

intestinal diseases, 164

intrauterine devices (IUDs), 38, 213, 287, 291–92, 305

in vitro
fertilization, 2, 72–73, 80, 110, 111–12, 154, 162, 163

Irwin, James S., 256, 280

Ishimoto, Shidzue, 212–13

Israel, 133

Ittleson, Henry, 79

Japan, 132, 199, 202, 203–4, 209, 285, 318

Jazz Age, 54

jellies, spermicidal, 56, 140, 212, 275, 279

Jews, 2, 62–63, 71, 72, 77, 78, 79, 103–4, 313

Joan of Arc, 151

John XXIII, Pope, 296–97

Johnson, Virginia, 12

Joplin, Janis, 222

Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, 72, 154

Journal of the American Medical Association,
38, 115

Jung, Carl Gustav, 15, 78–79

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, 71

Kennedy, David M., 150

Kennedy, John F., 269, 279, 285, 305, 306

Kessenich, William H., 297–98

Kevadon, 293–94

Keynes, John Maynard, 54

kibbutz,
63

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 318

Kinsey, Alfred Charles, 5, 16–17, 18, 61, 127, 186–87

Kirkendall, Henry, 133–34, 157

Koch, Leo, 294

Korean War, 279

Koromex method, 52

Kouveliotis, Florence, 174–75, 178

Koyama, Sakae, 56

Krafft-Ebing, Richard von, 69

labial adhesions, 290–91

lactation, 172

Lader, Lawrence, 151–52, 203, 208

Ladies’ Home Journal,
186, 187, 197, 259, 263

Lady Chatterley’s Lover
(Lawrence), 279, 281

Lancet,
122

Larkin, Philip, vii

Latin America, 160, 164–65, 195–96

Latz, Leo J., 108–9

Laurentian Hormone Conference, 81, 89, 206, 232–34, 261

La Vega neighborhood, 251

Lawrence, D. H., 279, 281

law schools, 320

laxatives, 246

League of Women Voters, 94

Levene, P. A., 137

Liberace, 126

libido (sexual desire), 4, 5–6, 25, 32, 34, 39, 51, 52–54, 109–10, 172, 179–80, 184–85, 215, 223–24, 296, 317–18

Lieberman, Seymour, 89

life-tables, 253

Lifschitz, Leon, 69

Lippmann, Walter, 34

“little Comstock laws,” 295

lobotomies, 175, 177

Loeb, Jacques, 70–71

logarithms, 78

Lollobrigida, Gina, 188

London, 296

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 67

Los Angeles, 292–94, 319

Love’s Coming of Age
(Carpenter), 33

Lowell, Mass., 174

Lower East Side, 34–35, 53, 63, 150