The Arch Conjuror of England (51 page)

7.
Murdin,
Collection of state papers
, pp. 71, 98, 154–5.

8.
Ibid., p. 146.

9.
CSP Foreign 1569–1571
, p. 118, no. 411, Lord Scrope, Warden of the West Marches, to Cecil from Carlisle, 29 August 1569, and no. 412.

10.
A Declaration of the Lyfe and Death of John Story
(London, 1571), sig. B3r–v.

11.
Murdin,
Collection of state papers
, p. 80.

12.
R.M. Sargent,
The Life and Lyrics of Sir Edward Dyer
(Oxford, 1968),
passim
.

13.
Murdin,
Collection of state papers
, pp. 30, 43, 46, 51.

14.
A Treatise of Treasons Against Q. Elizabeth, and the Croune of England
(London, January 1572), fos. 44r–49r, 134r, 166r, 158r.

15.
MP
, sig. A2r–v.

16.
An Epitaph, or rather a Short Discourse made upon the life and death of D. Boner, sometimes unworthy Bishop of London
(London, John Allde, 14 September 1569);
A commemoration or
Dirige of Bastarde Edmonde Boner, alias Savage, usurped Bishoppe of London
(London, 1569); Thomas Preston,
A Lamentable Tragedy, Mixed Full of Pleasant Mirth, Containing the Life of Cambises, King of Persia
(London, John Allde, 1570).

17.
J. Foxe,
Actes and Monuments
(1570), p. 1,979.

18.
Ibid., pp. 2,024, 1,999.

19.
A fuller study of Prestall is in preparation.

20.
MP
, sigs. *4v–a1v (arithmetic), a2r–v (geometry), b1v–b3r (astronomy and cosmography), d4v–A1r (navigation), a4r–v (chorography and hydrography); sig. A1r on 1567; Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, pp. 42–5.

21.
BL MS Lansdowne 98, fos. 1r–7r, at fos. 3r–4r.

22.
BLO MS Rawlinson D. 241,
passim
; Bruce T. Moran, ‘Privilege, Communication, and Chemistry: The Hermetic-Alchemical Circle of Moritz of Hessen-Kassel’,
Ambix
, 32 (3), Nov. 1985, pp. 110–26, quoting Murhardsche Bibliothek, Kassel: 2 MS Chem 19, I, fo. 114r–15r.

23.
CR, pp. 544–6.

24.
TNA SP 12/40/49; M.G. Brennan and N.J. Kinnamon,
A Sidney Chronology
(Basingstoke and New York, 2003), p. 15.

25.
CR, p. 508.

26.
John Aubrey,
A Natural History of Wiltshire
(Whitefish, MT, 2004), pp. 120, 229; John Aubrey,
Brief Lives
, ed. A. Clark, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1898), ii, pp. 310–13; Thomas Moffet,
Nobilis, or a View of the Life and Death of a Sidney
, trans. and ed. Virgil B. Heltzel and Joy H. Hudson (San Marino, CA, 1940), p. 75.

27.
Arthur Collins,
Letters and Memorials of State
, 2 vols. (London, 1746), i, pp. 66–7; Sargent,
Dyer
; CR, pp. 514–15; J.M. Osborn,
Young Philip Sidney
, (New Haven and London, 1972), pp. 146–7; Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, pp. 35, 42.

28.
J.J. Goring, ‘Wealden Ironmasters in the Age of Elizabeth’, in E.W. Ives, R.J. Knecht, J.J. Scarisbrick, eds,
Wealth and Power in Tudor England: Essays Presented to S.T. Bindoff
(London, 1978), p. 212, and
Sidney Ironworks Accounts, 1541–1573
, ed. D.W. Crossley (Camden Society, 4 ser., vol. 15, London, 1975); M.B. Donald,
Elizabethan Copper: The History of the Company of Mines Royal 1568 to 1605
(London, 1955), pp. 71, 100.

29.
Ciaran Brady,
The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland 1536–1588
(Cambridge, 1994), pp. 128–36; Brennan and Kinnamon,
Sidney Chronology
, pp. 27, 29; TNA SP 63/36/14, Mary Sidney to Burghley, 2 May 1572; TNA SP 12/86/33.

30.
R&W, 1623, Postel,
Alphabetum introductio et legendi modus linguarum duodecim characteribus differentium
(Paris, 1538), with Postel's
De originibus, seu de Hebraicae linguae et gentis antiquitate
(Paris, 1538), both with many Dee annotations.

31.
P.R.N. Carter, ‘Powle, Sir Stephen (c.1553–1630)’,
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/56051
]; V.F. Stern,
Sir Stephen Powle of Court and Country
(London and Cranbury, NJ, 1992);
CPR Eliz. I, iv, 1566–9
, no. 1142 and no. 516, large grants to Powle; CR, pp. 533, 510; Longleat House MS Dud/II, fo. 111r.

32.
CR, p. 544.

33.
BL MS Sloane 2210, fo. 95v; BLO MS Ashmole 1486, Pt. V, p. 61.

34.
Medley to Burghley, 19 April 1572, TNA SP 12/86/14, BL MS Lansdowne 19, fo. 98r; John Strype,
The Life of Sir Thomas Smith
(London, 1698), pp. 134–40, revised in Strype,
Annals of the Reformation
(1735), ii, pp. 351–3, and Appendix, pp. 79–81; Strype's dismissal of Medley as a fraud in
Smith
is followed by Mary Dewar,
Sir Thomas Smith: A Tudor Intellectual in Office
(London, 1964), pp. 149–55; Ian W. Archer, ‘Smith, Sir Thomas (1513–1577)';
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25906
]; Rory Rapple, ‘Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (1537–1583)’,
ODNB
,
Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10690
]; Felicity Heal and Clive Holmes, ‘The Economic Patronage of William Cecil’, in Pauline Croft, ed.,
Patronage, Culture and Power: The Early Cecils
(New Haven and London, 2002), p. 220; Stephen Pumfrey and Frances Dawbarn, ‘Science and Patronage in England, 1570–1625’,
History of Science
, 42 (2004), pp. 159–60; D. Harkness,
The Jewel House: London and the Scientific Revolution
(New Haven and London, 2007).

35.
‘Copper Processing’,
Encyclopædia Britannica
(2006), at Encyclopædia Britannica Online,
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic136794/copper-processing
.

36.
Medley to Burghley, 19 April 1572, TNA SP 12/86/14.

37.
Medley to Robert Cecil, 3 November 1598, Hatfield House MS CP 65/42. Medley's great aunt was Lady Burghley's great-grandmother.

38.
Medley to Burghley, 19 May 1572, TNA SP 12/84/14, Smith to Burghley, 16 December 1574, BL MS Lansdowne 19, fos. 97r–99r.

39.
R&W, 215 (Agricola), 459 (Biringuccio, Frankfurt 1550) and 677 (Biringuccio, Venice 1540). None found.

40.
Book III, ch.xiv in Lazarus Ercker,
Beschreibung allerfürnemsten mineralischen Ertzt und Berckwerksarten
(Prague, 1574), R&W, 5 (not found). Ercker's title page reproduced in Arthur Greenberg,
From Alchemy to Chemistry in Picture and Story
(Hoboken, NJ, 2007), p. 11.

41.
BLO MS Rawlinson D 241, unfoliated.

42.
TNA C 1/699/40, and BLO MS Ashmole 487, 10 July 1583.

43.
BL MS Lansdowne 14, fos. 40r–41v, 4 December 1571.

44.
TNA SP 12/188/21, HEHL MS HAD 2367.

45.
TNA SP 12/86/14.

46.
Mary Sidney to Burghley, 29 September 1576, BL MS Lansdowne 23, fo., 184v.

47.
SP 70/146, pp. 9–10, 112–14.

48.
TNA SP 15/13/122. The final patent omitted it.

49.
TNA SP 70/146, pp. 33–4, 62, Smith to Richard Eden, 9 March 1572.

50.
TNA SP 70/146, pp. 104–5.

51.
BL MS Lansdowne 19, fo. 98r.

52.
J. Ballinger,
Calendar of Wynn (of Gwydir) Papers, 1515–1690: in the National Library of Wales and elsewhere
(Aberystwyth, 1926), pp. 77–8; Walter Davies,
General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of North Wales
(London, 1810), pp. 44–5, 484–5.

53.
BL MSS Lansdowne 19, fo. 97r; Lansdowne 29, fo. 139r, Smith to Burghley, 8 March 1575.

54.
BL MS Lansdowne 18, fo. 101r; Adams,
Leicester and the Court
, p. 332.

55.
Because of the different equivalent weights of their molecules (Donald,
Elizabethan Copper
, p. 32); Humphrey to Burghley, 9 December 1574, BL MS Lansdowne 18, fo. 101r–v.

56.
Ibid., fo. 103r–104r.

57.
BL MS Lansdowne 19, fo. 98v.

58.
CPR Eliz. I, 1574–5
, pp. 509–10, cf. TNA SP 15/13/122.

59.
BL MS Lansdowne 29, fo. 139r, Smith to Burghley, 8 March 1574, misdated 1579 in the Lansdowne
Catalogue
and Stephen Pumphrey and Frances Dawbarn, ‘Science and Patronage in England: A Preliminary Study’,
History of Science
, 42 (2004), pp. 137–88, at pp. 159–60. Smith died in August 1577.

60.
TNA SP 12/77/64, summarised in
A Declaration of the Lyfe and Death of John Story,
sig. B3r–v, and
A Copie of a Letter lately Sent by a Gentleman
, sig. A4r–v; Hatfield House MS CP 160/111.

61.
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1571–2
, p. 223, no. 690, John Lee to Burghley, 23 March 1572. Philip II practised distillation (G. Parker,
Philip II
[Boston and Toronto, 1978], p. 47).

62.
A Copie of a Letter lately Sent by a Gentleman
, sig. A4r–v; TNA SP 12/46/23.

63.
APC
, viii, pp. 264–5, 5 July 1574, and see TNA SP 12/46/23; BL MS Add. 70984, fo. 256r.

64.
BL MS Lansdowne 23, fos. 184r–185r, Mary Sidney to Burghley, 29 September 1576.

65.
G. Eland,
Thomas Wotton's Letter Book 1574–1586
(London, 1960), pp. 11–12.

66.
TNA SP 12/152/88; Donald,
Elizabethan Copper
, pp. 214–15.

67.
TNA WARD 9/221, fo. 101r, WARD 9/384, fo. 226r; Joel Hurstfield,
The Queen's Wards
, 2nd ed. (London, 1973), pp. 265–6.

68.
Hatfield House MS CP 20/106.

69.
Strype,
Annals
(1737), iii, p. 557; Hatfield House MSS CP 26/64, 30/100.

Chapter 9: Recovering the Lost Empire

1.
‘General and rare memorials pertayning to the perfect arte of navigation’, BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 61–115, dictated 1–6 August 1576, printed August–September 1577, significantly changed, as
General and rare memorials pertayning to the perfect arte of navigation: annexed to the paradoxall cumpas, in playne: now first published: 24 yeres, after the first invention thereof
(London, Sept. 1577); ‘Of Famous and Rich Discoveries’ (BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fos. 26–269), begun 1576, mostly written 24 March–8 July 1577, now missing its first five chapters, approximately thirty folios; ‘Brytanici imperii limites’, begun by November 1577, continued before 4 May 1578, again expanded before 22 July 1578, BL MS Add. 59681, Dee's copy made in 1593 from a lost original. In early September 1597 Dee wrote ‘Thallatokratia Brettaniki’, or ‘The British Sea Sovereignty’ (BL MS Harley 249, fos. 95–105).

2.
Sherman,
John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance
, pp. 148–200; David Armitage,
The Ideological Origins of the British Empire
(Cambridge, 2000), pp. 52, 80, 105–9; Christopher Hodgkins,
Reforming Empire: Protestant Colonialism and Conscience in British Literature
(Columbia, MO, and London, 2002), pp. 10–32; Frances A. Yates,
Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century
(London, 1975), pp. 29–51; French,
John Dee
, pp. 180–99; Andrew Escobedo,
Nationalism and Historical Loss in Renaissance England: Foxe, Dee, Spenser, Milton
(Ithaca, NY, 2004), pp. 20–2; Ken MacMillan with Jennifer Abeles, eds,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
(Westport, CT, and London, 2004); MacMillan, ‘John Dee's “Brytanici imperii limites”?’,
Huntington Library Quarterly
, 64 (2001), pp. 151–9; MacMillan, ‘Discourse on History, Geography and Law: John Dee and the Limits of the British Empire, 1576–1580’,
Canadian Journal of History
, 36 (Apr. 2001), pp. 1–25; MacMillan, ‘Sovereignty “more plainly described”: Early English Maps of North America, 1580–1625’,
Journal of British Studies
, 42 (Oct. 2003), pp. 413–47; MacMillan, ‘Disclosing a Great Error: John Dee's Answer to the Papal Bull
Inter caetera
’,
Terrae Incognitae: The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries
, 36 (2004), pp. 12–19; Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, pp. 180–90.

3.
Robert C.D. Baldwin, ‘The testing of a new academic trinity for the northern passages: the rationale and experience behind English investment in the voyages of Frobisher, Jackman, Davis and Waymouth 1576–1605’, in Anna Agnarsdottir, ed.,
Voyages and Exploration in the North Atlantic from the Middle Ages to the XVIIth Century: Papers Presented at the 19th International Congress of Historical Sciences Oslo 2000
(Reykjavik, 2000), pp. 61–98; W. Sherman, ‘John Dee's Role in Martin Frobisher's Northwest Enterprise’, in Thomas H.B. Symons, ed.,
Meta Incognita: A Discourse of Discovery. Martin Frobisher's Arctic Expeditions,
2 vols. (Hull, Quebec, 1999), i, pp. 283–98.

4.
Historie Del S.D. Fernando Colombo; Nelle quali s'ha particolare, et vera relatione della vita, et de’ fatti dell'Ammiraglio D. CHRISTOPHORO COLOMBO, suo padre
(Venetia, 1571), now BL shelf mark 615.d.7; W. Sherman, ‘John Dee's Columbian Encounter’, in S. Clucas, ed.,
John Dee: Interdisciplinary Studies in English Renaissance Thought
(Dordrecht, 2006), pp. 131–40.

5.
Historie Del S.D. Fernando Colombo
, sig. M7v; Sherman, ‘John Dee's Columbian Encounter’, pp. 134, 136; BL MS Cotton Charters XIII and XIV.I.

6.
Historie Del S.D. Fernando Colombo
, sig. L5v; Sherman ‘John Dee's Columbian Encounter’, p. 136.

7.
Ramusio,
Navigationi et Viaggi
(Venice, 1563–5), TCD shelf mark: DD.dd.40, 41, vol. 2, sig. D8v, and vol. 3, fo. 323v; references to the BL 615.d.7 copy of
Historie Del S.D. Fernando Colombo
in vol. 3, fos. 2r, 6r–v, 80r, 82v, 83r; on Ramusio, W. Sherman, ‘Bringing the World to England: The Politics of Translation in the Age of Hakluyt’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 6th series, 14 (2004), pp. 199–207.