The Arch Conjuror of England (48 page)

28.
J. Loach,
Edward VI
, ed. G. Bernard and P. Williams (New Haven and London, 1999), pp. 94–6; D. MacCulloch,
Thomas Cranmer: A Life
(New Haven, and London, 1996), pp. 443–4; D. Hoak, ‘Rehabilitating the Duke of Northumberland’, in
The Mid-Tudor Polity
, ed. J. Loach and R. Tittler (London, 1980), pp. 29–51; Hoak, ‘The King's Privy Chamber, 1547–1553’, in D.J. Guth and J.W. Mckenna,
Tudor Rule and Revolution
(Cambridge, 1982), p. 94;
The Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI
, ed. W.K. Jordan (Ithaca, New York, 1966), p. 86;
The Life and Raigne of King Edward the Sixth. By John Hayward
, ed. B.L. Beer (Kent, OH, 1993), p. 20.

29.
Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Bursar's Accounts, 1547–1563, fos. 138r, 175r, 178v–179r, 208v–209r; ibid., Junior Bursar's Accounts, 1550–1563, fos. 31v, 63v–64r.

30.
Ibid., Senior Bursar's Accounts, 1547–1563, fo. 90r; Alan Bryson, ‘Cheke, Sir John (1514–1557)’,
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, October 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5211
].

31.
Longleat House MSS TH/I, II and III,
passim
for Cecil's frequent letters to his ‘old assured friend’ Thynne.

32.
Trinity College, Cambridge, Senior Bursar's Accounts, 1547–1563, fos. 138r, 175r, 178v–179r, 208v–209r; ibid., Junior Bursar's Accounts, 1550–1563, fos. 31v, 63v–64r.

33.
CR, p. 507.

34.
Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts preserved in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, 1575–1588
, ed. J.S. Brewer and W. Bullen (London, 1868), pp. 334–60, at p. 359;
Letters and Memorials of State, Written and collected by Sir Henry Sydney
, ed. A. Collins, 2 vols. (London, 1746), i, pp. 91, 93–5.

35.
CR, p. 508; Thomas Moffet,
Nobilis or A View of the Life and Death of a Sidney
, ed. and tr. Virgil B. Heltzel and Hoyt H. Hudson (San Marino, CA, 1940), pp. 75–6; James M. Osborn,
Young Philip Sidney
(New Haven, and London, 1972), pp. 146–7.

36.
Literary Remains of King Edward VI
, ed. J.G. Nichols (London, 1857), p. 427;
MP
, sigs. *4v–a1r, a4v–b1r; Leonard Digges,
An arithmeticall militare treatise, named Stratioticos
(London, 1579), pp. 189–90.

37.
Notes and Queries
, 9th series, vol. VIII, 17 August 1901, p. 137, on Girolamo Cardano,
Libelli Quinque
(1547), endpapers, R&W, 440; G.E. Cokayne,
The Complete Peerage
, 13 vols. (London, 1910–59), vol. x, p. 408; S.M. Jack, ‘Northumberland, Queen Jane and the Financing of the 1553 Coup’,
Parergon
, n.s., no. 6 (1988), pp. 137–48.

38.
Cokayne,
Complete Peerage
, x, p. 406; J. Strype,
Memorials of the Most Reverend Father in God, Thomas Cranmer
, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1812), ii, pp. 912–13; N.P. Sil,
William Lord Herbert of Pembroke (c.1507–1570): Politique and Patriot
, 2nd edn (Lewiston, NY 1992); Dee, notes in Cardano,
Libelli Quinque
, sig. hhh5v, R&W, 440.

39.
Nicholas Crane,
Mercator: The Man who Mapped the Planet
(London, 2002), pp. 121, 208; Mark S. Monmonier,
Rhumb lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection
(Chicago, 2004); R.A. Skelton, ‘Mercator and English Geography in the 16th Century’,
Duisburger Forschungen
, 6 (1962), pp. 158–70, at p. 164; Heilbron, ‘Introductory Essay’, pp. 29–31, and
PA
, p. 115 on Nuñez;
MP
sig. a4v; E.G.R. Taylor, ‘The Doctrine of Nautical
Triangles Compendious’,
The Journal of the Institute of Navigation
, 5, no. 1, Jan. 1953, pp. 131–40.

40.
John Davis,
The Seamans Secrets
(London, 1595), sigs. R2v–R3r; Dee's fragmentary calculations from BLO MS Ashmole 242, in
Canon Gubernauticus, by John Dee (1558)
, ed. E.G.R. Taylor, Appendix A in
A Regiment for the Sea and other Writings on Navigation
, ed. Taylor, The Hakluyt Society, 2nd ser., vol. 121 (Cambridge, 1963), pp. 415–33. Dee's 1582 circumpolar chart for Sir Humphrey Gilbert survives (D.W. Waters,
The Art of Navigation in England in Elizabethan and Early Stuart Times
(London, 1958), pp. 209–12).

41.
‘The astronomicall, and logisticall rules, and Canons, to calculate the Ephemerides by’ in J. Dee,
A Letter, containing a most brief Discourse Apologetical
(London, 1595), sig. A4v.

42.
T. Nash,
Collections for the History of Worcestershire
, 2nd edn, 2 vols. (London 1799), ii, pp. 444–8, and Appendix, p. clxvi. The
Valor Ecclesiasticus
rated Upton at £27.

43.
CPR Edward VI
,
iii, 1548–51
(London, 1925), pp. 71–4;
CPR Philip and Mary, 1557–8
(London, 1939), p. 125.

44.
CPR Edward VI
,
v
,
1547–53
, p. 199.

45.
‘Visitation Articles of 1551–2’ in
Later Writings of Hooper
, ed. C. Nevinson (Cambridge, 1852), pp. 118–29, at p. 123;
Early Writings of Hooper
, ed. S. Carr (Cambridge, 1843), p. 508.

46.
Later Writings of Hooper
, ed. Nevinson, pp. 294, 308.

47.
APC
, iv, p. 259.

48.
Hereford and Worcester Record Office, Bishop's Register (b716.093–BA.2648/9[iv]).

49.
TNA C3/53/8;
The Kyre Park Charters
, ed. J. Amphlett (Oxford, 1905), and Nash,
Collections for the History of Worcestershire
, i, pp. xviii, xxvii; The Worshipful Company of Mercers, ‘Court Minutes II, Acts of Court 1527–1560’, fo. 264v.

50.
TNA C3/53/8; Adams,
Leicester and the Court
, p. 331.

51.
LP
, xx (i) (1545), p. 379, no. 746, and see
APC
, iv, p. 162.

52.
R.C. Braddock, ‘The Character and Composition of the Duke of Northumberland's Army’,
Albion
6 (1974), pp. 342–55; W.J. Tighe, ‘The Gentleman Pensioners, the Duke of Northumberland, and the Attempted Coup of July 1553’,
Albion
, 19 (1987), pp. 1–11; R.C. Braddock, ‘The Duke of Northumberland's Army Reconsidered’, in ibid., pp. 13–17; Jack, ‘Northumberland, Queen Jane and the Financing of the 1553 Coup’, pp. 137–48, corrected in J.D. Alsop, ‘A Regime at Sea; The Navy and the 1553 Succession Crisis’,
Albion
, 24 (1992), pp. 577–90.

53.
R.P. Cruden,
The History of the Town of Gravesend
(London, 1843), p. 169; V.T. Smith, ‘The Artillery Defences at Gravesend’,
Archaeologia Cantiana
, 89 (1974), pp. 141–68.

54.
P. Lee, ‘Orthodox Parish Religion and Chapels of Ease in Late Medieval England: The Case of St George's Chapel in Gravesend’,
Archaeologia Cantiana
, 119 (1999), pp. 55–70.

55.
P. Clark,
English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution: Religion, Politics and Society in Kent, 1500–1640
(Hassocks, 1977), p. 85; Pocock,
Gravesend
, p. 235.

56.
D. Lloyd,
State-Worthies
(London, 1679), p. 274;
A Chronicle of England during the Reigns of the Tudors, from A.D. 1485 to 1559 by Charles Wriothesley, Windsor Herald
, ed. W.D. Hamilton, 2 vols. (Camden Society, London 1872), ii, p. 91.

57.
APC
, iv, pp. 336–7; P.L. Hughes and J.F. Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations
, 3 vols. (New Haven, and London, 1964–9), ii, pp. 12–17, at p. 16;
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. J. Nichols (Camden Society, London 1859), pp. 180–1; Richard Grafton,
A Chronicle at Large and Mere History of the Affairs of England
(London, 1569), p. 1,328.

58.
Grafton,
Chronicle
, p. 1,328; Robert Horne,
Certain Homilies of Master John Calvin
(Wesel [?], 1553), sigs. A3v–A4v;
CPR Mary
i, p. 424; Hughes and Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations,
ii, pp. 16–17; William Lilly,
History of His Life and Times
(London, 1715), p. 92.

59.
J. Strype,
Annals of the Reformation
, 4 vols, (Oxford, 1824), II, ii, p. 559, Dee to Burghley, 3 October 1574; TNA C 66/1159/2328.

60.
Strype,
Ecclesiastical Memorials
, iii, (i), p. 353; E. W. Hunt,
The Life and Times of John Hooper
(Lewiston, NY, 1992), p. 190.

61.
Susan Brigden,
London and the Reformation
(Oxford, 1989), p. 529.

62.
Bonner's ordination register, Guildhall Library MS 9535/1, fos. 26v–27r.

63.
The Visitation of Cheshire in the year 1580
, ed. J.P. Rylands (London, 1882), pp. 28–31, 204–5; HEHL MS EL 6191; BL MS Cotton Tiberius E. VIII, fos. 176v–177r; Tim Thornton, ‘Savage family (per. c.1369–1528)’,
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, Sept. 2004; online edn, May 2007 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52794
]; J. Dee,
Parallaticae Commentationis Praxeosque Nucleus quidam
(London, 1573), showing ‘Gules, a lion rampant within a bordure indented Or’.

Chapter 3: Conjuring the Future

1.
D.M. Loades,
The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553–58
, 2nd ed. (New York, 1991), p. 196;
CSP Venetian
,
vi (i)
, p. 107.

2.
Loades,
Reign of Mary Tudor
, p. 165.

3.
CSP Venetian, vi (i)
, p. 71;
CSP Spanish, xiii, 1554–8
, p. 170.

4.
TNA SP 11/5/34;
A Warning for England containing the horrible practices of the King of Spain in the kingdom of Naples
(Strasburg, 1555);
CSP Foreign
, ed. J. Stevenson (London, 1863, repr. 1966), p. lviii; Loades,
Reign of Mary Tudor
, p. 176.

5.
C. Haigh,
Elizabeth I
(London, 2001), p. 26.

6.
C.R. Manning, ‘State Papers Relating to the Custody of the Princess Elizabeth at Woodstock, in 1554’,
Norfolk Archaeology
, IV (1855), pp. 133–231, at pp. 194, 200, 202; CR, pp. 519–20.

7.
CSP Spanish, xiii, 1554–8
, p. 165, pp. 169–70;
Chapter Acts of the Cathedral Church of St Mary of Lincoln A.D. 1547–1559
, ed. R.E.G. Cole, Lincoln Record Society, 15 (Horncastle, 1920), p. 82; R. Kieckhefer,
Forbidden Rites: A Necromancer's Manual of the Fifteenth Century
(Stroud, 1997), pp. 97–107, describes divination methods.

8.
Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 88, notes to no. 395, Avicenna
De anima
(1546);
CPR Edward VI, vol. i, 1547–8
, pp. 348–9.

9.
The Loseley Manuscripts
, ed. A.J. Kempe (London, 1836), p. 20; W.R. Streitberger,
Court Revels, 1485–1559
(Toronto, 1994), pp. 193–6; R. Grafton,
Chronicle
(London, 1809), ii, pp. 526–7; S. Brigden,
London and the Reformation
, ch. viii.

10.
A.J. Loomie, ‘Englefield, Sir Francis (1522–1596)’,
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8811
]; TNA SP 12/238, fo. 248.

11.
TNA SP 12/28/38, fo. 146v, and SP 12/28/42.

12.
John Field,
Ephemeris anni. 1557
(London, 1556); Thomas Churchyard,
The First Part of Churchyards Chips
(London, 1575), fo. 76r.

13.
Watson, ‘Christopher and William Carye’, pp. 135–42;
Household Expenses of the Princess Elizabeth During her Residence at Hatfield, October 1, 1551 to September 30, 1552
, ed. Viscount Strangford, in
The Camden Miscellany, Volume the Second
, 1st ser., 55 (1853), pp. 35, 38; A. Strickland,
The Lives of the Queens of England
, 8 vols. (London, 1854), iv, pp. 110–11.

14.
APC
, v, pp. 137, 139.

15.
CSP Venetian
,
vi(i)
, p. 77; L. Means, ‘Electionary, Lunary, Destinary, and Questionary: Toward Defining Categories of Middle English Prognostic Material’,
Studies in Philology
, LXXXIX, no. 4 (Fall 1992), pp. 367–403, esp. pp. 376–85.

16.
Ibid., pp. 386–94, and see J.C. Eade,
The Forgotten Sky
(Oxford, 1984), pp. 51–9.

17.
BLO MS Ashmole 423, fo. 294, printed in
Diaries
, ed. Fenton, p. 306.

18.
Ptolemy,
Tetrabiblos,
ed. F.E. Robbins (Cambridge, MA and London, 1940), IV, 10; S.J. Tester,
A History of Western Astrology
(Woodbridge 1987), pp. 84–5.

19.
Means, ‘Electionary, Lunary’, p. 402; BLO MS Ashmole 337, fos. 20–57v.

20.
Loades,
Reign of Mary Tudor
, p. 165.

21.
TNA SP 11/5/34.

22.
Louis Wiesener,
La Jeunesse de l'Elisabeth d'Angleterre
(Paris, 1878), pp. 318–19, from Noailles,
Memoires et Advis envoyez a M. de L'Aubespigne
, 1 June 1555,
Archives des Affaires Etrangeres
, t. I–II, p. 843;
APC
, v, pp. 143, 145.

23.
CR, p. 520.

24.
Actes and Monuments
(London, 1563), pp. 1,253–4 (1570), p. 1,871.

25.
TNA SP 11/5/34; Wiesener,
La Jeunesse de l'Elisabeth
, pp. 318–19.

26.
Kieckhefer,
Forbidden Rites
, pp. 98–9;
MP
, sig. A1v–2r.

27.
Ibid., sig. A3r; N. Clulee, ‘At the Crossroads of Magic and Science: John Dee's
Archemastrie
’, in
Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance
, ed. B. Vickers (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 57–71.

28.
G. Cardano,
De rerum varietate
(1557) R&W, 69, not found.

29.
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, pp. 331–3; BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 9r–v; BL MS Sloane 3846, fo. 113v; Kieckhefer,
Forbidden Rites
, pp. 107, 244–5.