The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (68 page)
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Authors: Ray Kurzweil
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BOOK: The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
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To e-mail the author: [email protected]
To download a copy of Ray Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet: <
http://wwwkurzweiltech.com
>
http://wwwkurzweiltech.com
>
This book’s publisher, Viking: <
http://www.penguinputnam.com
>
http://www.penguinputnam.com
>
For publications of Ray Kurzweil: Go to <
http://www.kurzweiltech.com
> or <
http://www.kurzweiledu.com
> and then select “Publications”
WEB SITES FOR COMPANIES FOUNDED BY RAY KURZWEILhttp://www.kurzweiltech.com
> or <
http://www.kurzweiledu.com
> and then select “Publications”
Kurzweil Educational Systems, Inc. (creator of print-to-speech reading systems for persons with reading disabilities and visual impairment): <
http://www.kurzweiledu.com
>
http://www.kurzweiledu.com
>
Kurzweil Technologies, Inc. (creator of Ray Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet and other software projects): <
http://www.kurzweiltech.com
>
http://www.kurzweiltech.com
>
The dictation division of Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products (formerly Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, Inc.), creator of speech recognition and natural language software systems: <
http://www.lhs.com/dictation/
>
http://www.lhs.com/dictation/
>
The overall Lernout &: Hauspie web site: <
http://www.lhs.com/
>
http://www.lhs.com/
>
Kurzweil Music Systems, Inc., creator of computer-based music synthesizers, sold to Young Chang in 1990: <
http:l/www youngchang. com/kurzweil/index.html
>
http:l/www youngchang. com/kurzweil/index.html
>
TextBridge Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Formerly Kurzweil OCR from Kurzweil Computer Products, Inc. (sold to Xerox Corp. in 1980): <
http://www.xerox.com/scansoft/textbridge/
>
ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHhttp://www.xerox.com/scansoft/textbridge/
>
The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): <
http://www.ai.mit.edu/
>
http://www.ai.mit.edu/
>
Artificial Life Online: <
http://alife.santafe.edu
>
http://alife.santafe.edu
>
Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography: <
http://ling.ucsc.edu/-chalmers/biblio.html
>
http://ling.ucsc.edu/-chalmers/biblio.html
>
Machine Learning Laboratory, the University of Massachusetts, Amherst: <
http://www-ml.cs.umass.edu/
>
http://www-ml.cs.umass.edu/
>
The MIT Media Lab: <
http://www.media.mit.edu/
>
http://www.media.mit.edu/
>
SSIE 580B: Evolutionary Systems and Artificial Life, by Luis M. Rocha, Los Alamos National Laboratory: <
http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~rocha/ss504_02.html
>
http://www.c3.lanl.gov/~rocha/ss504_02.html
>
Stewart Dean’s Guide to Artificial Life: <
http://www.webslave.dircon.co.uk/alife/intro.html
>
ASTRONOMY/PHYSICShttp://www.webslave.dircon.co.uk/alife/intro.html
>
American Institute of Physics:
International Astronomical Union (IAU): <
http://www.intastun.org/
>
http://www.intastun.org/
>
Introduction to the Big Bang Theory: <
http://www.bowdoin.edu/dept/physics/astro.1997/astro4/bigbang.html
>
BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONhttp://www.bowdoin.edu/dept/physics/astro.1997/astro4/bigbang.html
>
American Scientist Article: Reward Deficiency Syndrome: <
http://www.amsci.org/amsci/Articles/96Articles/Blum-full.html
>
http://www.amsci.org/amsci/Articles/96Articles/Blum-full.html
>
Animal Diversity Web Site, the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan: <
http://www.oit.itd.umich.edu/projects/ADW/
>
http://www.oit.itd.umich.edu/projects/ADW/
>
Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species: <
http://www.literature.org/Works/Charles-Darwin/origin/
>
http://www.literature.org/Works/Charles-Darwin/origin/
>
Evolution and Behavior: <
http://ccp.uchicago.edu/~jyin/evolution.html
>
http://ccp.uchicago.edu/~jyin/evolution.html
>
The Human Genome Project: <
http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/HGP/
>
http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/HGP/
>
Information Processing in the Human Body: <
http://vadim.www.media.mit.edu/MAS862/Project.html
>
http://vadim.www.media.mit.edu/MAS862/Project.html
>
Thomas Ray/Tierra: <
http://www.hip.atr.co.jp/~ray/
>
http://www.hip.atr.co.jp/~ray/
>
The Visible Human Project: <
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
>
BRAIN IMAGING RESEARCHhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
>
Brain Research Web Page, Jeffrey H. Lake Research: <
http://www.brainresearch.com/
>
http://www.brainresearch.com/
>
Applications of brain research: <
http://www.brainresearch.com/apps.html
>
http://www.brainresearch.com/apps.html
>
Amiram Grinvald’s web site: Imaging the Brain in Action: <
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/brain/grinvald/grinvald.htm
>
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/brain/grinvald/grinvald.htm
>
The Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center: <
http://www.brainbank.mclean.org:8080
>
http://www.brainbank.mclean.org:8080
>
The McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center: <
http://www.mclean.org:8080/
>
http://www.mclean.org:8080/
>
Optical Imaging, Inc., Home Page: <
http://opt-imaging.com/
>
http://opt-imaging.com/
>
Research Imaging Center: Solving the Mysteries of the Mind, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio: <
http://biad63.uthscsa.edu/
>
http://biad63.uthscsa.edu/
>
Visualization and Analysis of 3D Functional Brain Images, by Finn A rup Nielsen, Institute of Mathematical Modeling, Section for Digital Signal Processing, former Electronics Institute, Technical University of Denmark: <
http://hendrix.ei.dtu.dk/staff/students/fnielsen/thesis/finn/finn.html
>
http://hendrix.ei.dtu.dk/staff/students/fnielsen/thesis/finn/finn.html
>
Weizmann Institute of Science: <
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/
>
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/
>
The Whole Brain Atlas: <
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
>
COMPUTER BUSINESS/MEDICAL APPLICATIONShttp://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
>
Automated Highway System DEMO; National AHS Consortium Home Page: <
http://monolith-mis.com/ahs/default.htm
>
http://monolith-mis.com/ahs/default.htm
>
Biometric (The Face Recognition Home Page): <
http://cherry.kist.re.kr/center/html/sites.html
>
http://cherry.kist.re.kr/center/html/sites.html
>
Face Recognition Homepage: <
http://www.cs.rug.nl/~peterkr/FACE/face.html
>
http://www.cs.rug.nl/~peterkr/FACE/face.html
>
The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative: Advancing “Human-Centered” Smart Vehicles: <
http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/pr97-10/p18.htm
>
http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/pr97-10/p18.htm
>
Kurzweil Educational Systems, Inc.: <
http://www.kurzweiledu.com/
>
http://www.kurzweiledu.com/
>
Kurzweil Music (Welcome to Kurzweil Music Systems): <
http://www.youngchang.com/kurzweil/index.html
>
http://www.youngchang.com/kurzweil/index.html
>
Laboratory for Financial Engineering at MIT: <
http://web.mit.edu/lfe/www/
>
http://web.mit.edu/lfe/www/
>
Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products: <
http://www.lhs.com/
>
http://www.lhs.com/
>
Medical Symptoms Matching Software: <
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~lisadev/sftdocpu.htm
>
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~lisadev/sftdocpu.htm
>
Miros Company Information: <
http://www.miros.com/About_Miros.htm
>
http://www.miros.com/About_Miros.htm
>
Synaptics, Inc.: <
http://www.synaptics.com/
>
http://www.synaptics.com/
>
Systran: <
http://www.systransoft.com/
>
COMPUTERS AND ART/CREATIVITYhttp://www.systransoft.com/
>
Arachnaut’s Lair - Electronic Music Links: <
http://www.arachnaut.org/music/links.html
>
http://www.arachnaut.org/music/links.html
>
ArtSpace: Computer Generated Art: <
http://www.uni.uiuc.edu/~artspace/compgen.html
>
http://www.uni.uiuc.edu/~artspace/compgen.html
>
BRUTUS. 1 Story Generator: <
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/ppcs/BRUTUS/brutus.html
>
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/ppcs/BRUTUS/brutus.html
>
But Is It Computer Art?: <
http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~binde/art/index.html
>
http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~binde/art/index.html
>
Computer Artworks, Ltd.: <
http://www.artworks.co.uk/welcome.htm
>
http://www.artworks.co.uk/welcome.htm
>
Computer Generated Writing: <
http://www.notam.uio.no/~mariusw/c-g.writing/
>
http://www.notam.uio.no/~mariusw/c-g.writing/
>
Northwest Cyberartists: Time Warp of Past Events: <
http://www.nwlink.com/cyberartists/timewarp.html
>
http://www.nwlink.com/cyberartists/timewarp.html
>
Music Software: <
http://www.yahoo.com/Entertainment/Music/Software/
>
http://www.yahoo.com/Entertainment/Music/Software/
>
An OBS Cyberspace Extension of Being Digital, by Nicholas Negroponte: <
http://www.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/nn/bdintro.htm
>
http://www.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/nn/bdintro.htm
>
Ray Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet:
>
>
Recommended Reading, Computer Art: <
http://ananke.advanced.org/3543/resourcessites.html
>
http://ananke.advanced.org/3543/resourcessites.html
>
Virtual Muse: Experiments in Computer Poetry: <
http://camel.conncoll.edu/ccother/cohar/programs/index.html
>
COMPUTERS AND CONSCIOUSNESS/SPIRITUALITYhttp://camel.conncoll.edu/ccother/cohar/programs/index.html
>
Considerations on the Human Consciousness: <
http://www.mediacom.it/~v.colaciuri/consc.htm
>
http://www.mediacom.it/~v.colaciuri/consc.htm
>
Extropy Online, Arterati on Ideas, by Natasha Vita More; Vinge’s View of the Singularity: <
http://www.extropy.com/-exi/eo/articles/vinge.htm
>
http://www.extropy.com/-exi/eo/articles/vinge.htm
>
God and Computers: <
http://web.mit.edu/bpadams/www/gac/
>
http://web.mit.edu/bpadams/www/gac/
>
Kasparov vs. Deep Blue: The Rematch: <
http://www.nytimes.com/partners/microsites/chess/archive8.html
>
http://www.nytimes.com/partners/microsites/chess/archive8.html
>
Online papers on consciousness, compiled by David Chalmers: <
http://ling.ucsc.edu/~chalmers/mind.html
>
http://ling.ucsc.edu/~chalmers/mind.html
>
Toward a Science of Consciousness 1998 “Tucson III,” Conference, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Support provided by the Fetzer Institute and the Institute of Noetic Sciences: <
http://www.zynetco.uk/imprint/Tucson/
>
COMPUTING SCIENCE RESEARCHhttp://www.zynetco.uk/imprint/Tucson/
>
Defining Virtual Reality, Industry Consortium in the Institute for Communication Research, Department of Communication, Stanford University: <
http://www.cyborganic.com/people/jonathan/Academia/Papers/Web/defining-vr.html
>
http://www.cyborganic.com/people/jonathan/Academia/Papers/Web/defining-vr.html
>
Computer Games: Past, Present, Future: <
http://www.bluetongue.com/~pang/DRAFT.html
>
http://www.bluetongue.com/~pang/DRAFT.html
>
The Haptics Community Web Page: <
http://haptic.mech.nwu.edu
>
http://haptic.mech.nwu.edu
>
Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment and Defense: <
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/modeling/index.html
>
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/modeling/index.html
>
Physics News Update Number 219—The Density of Data. A link to Lambertus Hesselink’s research on crystal computing: <
http://www.aip.org/enews/physnews/1995/split/pnu219-2.htm
>
http://www.aip.org/enews/physnews/1995/split/pnu219-2.htm
>
Student cracks encryption code. A link to an article in
USA Today
on how Ian Goldberg, the graduate student from the University of California, cracked the 40-bit encryption code: <
http://www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/ct718.htm
>
Autonomous AgentsUSA Today
on how Ian Goldberg, the graduate student from the University of California, cracked the 40-bit encryption code: <
http://www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/ct718.htm
>
Agent Web Links: <
http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~amw/agents/links/index.html
>
Computer Visionhttp://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~amw/agents/links/index.html
>
Computer Vision Research Groups: <
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cil/v-groups.html
>
DNA Computinghttp://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cil/v-groups.html
>
“DNA-based computers could race past supercomputers, researchers predict.” A link to an article in the
Chronicle of Higher Education
on DNA computing, by Vincent Kiernan: <
http://chronicle.com/data/articles.dir/art-44.dir/issue-14.dir/14a02301.htm
>
Chronicle of Higher Education
on DNA computing, by Vincent Kiernan: <
http://chronicle.com/data/articles.dir/art-44.dir/issue-14.dir/14a02301.htm
>
Explanation of Molecular Computing with DNA, by Fred Hapgood, Moderator of the Nanosystems Interest Group at MIT: <
http://www.mitre.org/research/nanotech/hapgood_on_dna.html
>
http://www.mitre.org/research/nanotech/hapgood_on_dna.html
>
The University of Wisconsin: DNA Computing: <
http://corninfo.chem.wisc.edu/writings/DNAcomputing.html
>
Expert Systems/Knowledge Engineeringhttp://corninfo.chem.wisc.edu/writings/DNAcomputing.html
>
Knowledge Engineering, Engineering Management Graduate Program at Christian Brothers University: Online Resources to a Variety of Links: <
http://www.cbu.edu/~pong/engm624.htm
>
Genetic Algorithms/Evolutionary Computationhttp://www.cbu.edu/~pong/engm624.htm
>
The Genetic Algorithms Archive at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence: <
http://www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/galist/
>
http://www.aic.nrl.navy.mil/galist/
>
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Evolutionary Computation, Issue 6.2: A List of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), edited by Jörg Heitkotter and David Beasley: <
ftp://ftp.cs.wayne.edu/pub/EC/FAQ/www/top.htm
>
ftp://ftp.cs.wayne.edu/pub/EC/FAQ/www/top.htm
>
The Santa Fe Institute: <
http://www.santafe.edu
>
Knowledge Managementhttp://www.santafe.edu
>
ATM Links (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): <
http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~splam/html/atmlinks.html
>
http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~splam/html/atmlinks.html
>
Knowledge Management Network: <
http://kmn.cibit.hvu.nl/index.html
>
http://kmn.cibit.hvu.nl/index.html
>
Some Ongoing KBS/Ontology Projects and Groups: <
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/related.html
>
Nanotechnologyhttp://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/related.html
>
Eric Drexler’s web site at the Foresight Institute (includes the complete text of
Engines of Creation):
<
http://www.foresight.org/EOC/index.html
>
Engines of Creation):
<
http://www.foresight.org/EOC/index.html
>
Richard Feynman’s talk, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”: <
http://nano.xerox.com/nanotech/feynman.html
>
http://nano.xerox.com/nanotech/feynman.html
>
Nanotechnology: Ralph Merkle’s web site at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center: <
http://sandbox.xerox.com/nano
>
http://sandbox.xerox.com/nano
>
MicroElectroMechanical Systems and Fluid Dynamics Research Group Professor Chih-Ming Ho’s Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles: <
http://ho.seas.ucla.edu/new/main.htm
>
http://ho.seas.ucla.edu/new/main.htm
>
Nanolink: Key Nanotechnology Sites on the Web: <
http://sunsite.nus.sg/MEMEX/nanolink.html
>
http://sunsite.nus.sg/MEMEX/nanolink.html
>
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