The Age of Chivalry (46 page)

exploration, maritime
205

evangelization
200
–02

Faith
181
–2

famine, medieval
196

Fatimid dynasty
100
,
102

Fatimids
50
,
53
,
54
,
123
,
124

Ferdinand III of Castile
176

Ferdinand of Aragon
176

Ferdinand, count of Flanders
95
–6

Ferdinand, king of León and of Castile
174

feudum
(fiefs)
195

fiefs (
feudum
)
195

Fiesole
164

Florence
37
,
39

architecture
165
–6,
166

banking collapse
168

bridges
167

environmental dangers
167
–8

golden age of
162
–9

government
166
–8

growing power
164
–5

Palazzo del Popolo

(Bargello)
165
,
166

Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio)
166
,
167

Santa Maria del Fiore
163
,
166

Santa Maria Novella
166

trade guilds
164
,
165
,
166
,
167
,
168

Folquet de Marseille
114

Fosalta, Battle of
72

Francis of Assisi
183
,
184
,
186

Franciscans
183
,
186

Franco, Francisco
171

Franks
120
,
122
–3

Eastern
8

Western
8
,
16

Fraticelli
159
,
186

Frederick I Barbarossa
21
,
36
,
39
,
46
–7,
67
,
68
–9,
69
,
88
,
91
,
105
,
164

Frederick I von Staufen, duke of Swabia
61

Frederick II of Germany
36
,
47
,
70
–1,
71
,
71
,
96
,
157

Frederick II of Swabia
66

Frederick III of Sicily
133

Frederick V, of Swabia
67

freedmen
188

fueros
(charters)
170

Fulk V of Anjou
100
–2

Gaiseric
118

Galen
89

Galicia
121
,
173
,
174

Galilee
54

Gandersheim Abbey
14

Gascony
138
–9

Geoffrey V of Anjou
74
,
75
,
100

Geoffrey of Brittany
81

Gerbert of Aurillac
12

German towns, growth of
33
–5

Ghibellines
39
,
132
,
211

in Florence
165
,
167

Giotto di Bondone
169

glossators
88

Godfrey II, duke of Upper Lorraine
65

Godfrey of Bouillon
50
,
51
,
53
,
54

Godwine, Earl
26

Godwinson, Harold
26

Godwinson, Tostig, earl of Northumbria
26

Goliards
87

Gonzales, Fernan
173
–4

Good Parliament
150

Goslar
64
–5,
64
–5

Goth, Bertrand de
152

Goulet, Le, Treaty of
95

government by writ
27

Granada
170
,
176
,
177

Gratian of Bologna
88
,
202

Great Ordinance
149

Great Zab River, Battle of the
121

Gregory VI, pope
162

Gregory VII (the Great), pope
44
,
48
,
56
–8,
57
,
59
–61,
62
–3,
63
,
217

Gregory X, pope
131

Gregory XI, pope
152
,
160
,
162

Gregory of Tours
91
,
91

Grisaille
34

Gruffudd ap Cynan
217

Gruffudd ap Rhys
217

Guaimar IV of Salerno
42

Guelphs
39
,
164
,
165
,
167
,
211

Guesclin, Bernard du
141
,
142
,
143

guilds
164
,
165
,
166
,
167
,
168

Guiscard, Robert
42
,
43
–4,
61
,
63
,
63

gunpowder
148

Guy of Lusignan
103
,
104
,
105
,
107

Gwenllian ap Gruffudd
217

Halles, Les
94

Hagia Sofia
177

Hamburg, siege of
59

Harald III Hardrada
26

Harold, king of England
25

Harthacnut
26

Hastings, Battle of
25
,
26
,
214

Hattin, Battle of
104

Hauteville family
42

Hauteville, William de (Iron Arm)
42

Heinrich, landgrave of Thuringia
72

Henry I, duke of Saxony (the Fowler)
8
–9,
19

Henry I of England (Beauclerc)
29
,
29
,
74
,
197

Henry II, duke of Bavaria
12
–13,
19

Henry II Jasomirgott, duke of Austria
69

Henry II of Champagne, count
107

Henry II of England
20
,
30
,
74
,
76
–81,
94
,
100
,
104
–5,
217

relationships with French
80
–1

territorial struggles
78
–80

Henry III of England
31
,
150

Henry III of Germany
65

Henry IV of England
143

Henry IV of Germany
35
,
44
,
58
–61,
59
,
65

Henry V of England
144
,
144
,
145

Henry V of Germany
34
,
62
,
164

Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
67
,
70

Henry VI of England and France
145

Henry VI of Germany
46
,
94
,
106
,
106
,
164

Henry, count of Anjou
20

Henry the Lion
68
,
69
,
69
,
70

Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria and of Saxony
66
,
68

Henry the Younger
80
–1

heraldry
203

heretics
178
–87

Hereward the Wake
27

Hildebrand
58
see also
Gregory VII, pope

Hildegard of Bingen
187
,
187

Hippocrates
89

historical writing
91

Hoel
79

holy war
48
–50,
212
–13

Homildon Hill, Battle of
143

Honorius III, pope
71

horses
191

Hôtel Dieu
22

Hroswitha
14

Hugh III of Cyprus
131

Hugh Magnus
19

Hugh of Saint-Victor
203

Hugh of Vermandois
51
,
54

Humphrey, duke of Gloucester
145

Hundred Years' War
136
–49
,
142

consequences of
146
–7

first period of peace
141
–2

impact of
148
–9

military strategy
147
–8

naval action
139
,
144

second period of peace
143
–4

Hungary
205

Hussite wars
217

Hussites
159
,
186

Hywel Dda (the Good)
217

Inab, Battle of
102

infantry
213
–14

Innocent II, pope
45
,
66

Innocent III, pope
113
–14,
154
,
157

Innocent IV, pope
72
,
129

Inquisitions, establishment of
116

Inquisition
176

investiture contest
56
–63

Irnerius
88

Isabel of Castile
176

Jacquerie
140
,
149
,
217

Jaffa
54
,
106

James of Bourbon, count

of La Marche
135

Jean III de Grailly
143

Jeanne d'Arc
145
,
145
,
147
,
217

Jerez
176

Jerusalem
50
,
72
,
100
,
106
,
107

battle for
53
–4

surrender of
104

Jeu de Paume
99
,
99

Jews

in England
197

in France
94
,
96
,
98
,
197

in Spain
120
,
176

jizya
124

Joachim of Fiore
187

Joan I, queen of Naples
159

Joan II of Naples
135

Joanna, queen of Naples
134

John I of France
98
,
138

John II (le Bon) of France
139
,
141

John II, duke of Burgundy
143

John XII, pope
10

John XIX, pope
64

John XXII, pope
160
,
161
,
186

John, king of England
76
,
81
,
136
,
150

John of Brienne
71

John of Procida
132

John of Salisbury
86

John, prince of England
94
,
95
–6

Joscelin III of Edessa
103

Juliana of Norwich, Dame
187

Justinian, emperor
46

Kempe, Margery
187

kermis
202

kingship, culture of
200

knighthood
195
,
213

diminution of
215

Knights Hospitaller
100
,
109

knights, medieval
195
,
209

Knights Templar
97
–8,
100
,
108
–9,
108
–9
,
158

Knights, Teutonic
110
,
111

La Réole
138

La Roche-Derrien, Battle of
212

laborers vs. warriors
193

Ladislaus
134
–5

laity
202

landlords
190

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
28

Langensalza, Battle of
60

language, medieval
198

Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of
176

Lateran Palace
152

Lateran, Third Council of the
113

Latin
86
–7,
198

laws, changing
87
–8

Le Goulet, Treaty of
95

learning, centers of
84
,
86

Lechfield, Battle of the
10

legal system
87
–8

Legnano, Battle of
36
,
69

León
173

kingdom of
123

Leopold V, duke of Austria
105
,
106

Leovigild
120

Lewes, Battle of
150

libraries
86
,
125

Llywelyn II of Wales
151

Loarre Castle
171

Lollards
186
,
186

Lombard League
36

Lombard, Peter
203

Lombards
40

London, Concordat of
62

lordship
195

Lothair

Duke of Saxony
66

king of West Francia
11
,
18

Louis I of Anjou
134

Louis II of Anjou
134
–5

Louis IV of France
160

Louis V, king of West

Francia
18

Louis VI of France
19
,
21