The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century (59 page)
Read The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century Online
Authors: Ross E. Dunn
Tags: #Medieval, #Travel, #General, #Historical, #Biography & Autobiography, #History
27
. According to Tim Mackintosh-Smith, Abdelhadi Tazi reports that the text of a letter by the fourteenth-century scholar Ibn al-Khatib indicates that IB served in his later years as a judge in the Moroccan region of Tamasna, whose principal city was Anfa. Therefore, IB may be buried there. Unfortunately, medieval Anfa lies underneath modern Casablanca! Tim Mackintosh-Smith,
Travels with a Tangerine: A Journey in the Footnotes of Ibn Battutah
(London, 2001), pp. 34–35.
Akhi | Member or leader of an urban men’s association, or |
’alim | A person learned in the Islamic sciences |
amir | A military commander or ruler. |
baraka | Quality of divine grace |
faqih | A specialist in Islamic law; a jurist. |
fiqh | Jurisprudence, the science of Islamic law. |
fityan | Urban association of men devoted to Muslim religious and social ideals. |
ghazi | A fighter in defense of Islam. |
hadith | Traditions of the words or actions of the Prophet Muhammad; one of the major sources of Islamic law. |
hajj | The pilgrimage to Mecca. |
harim | The restricted women’s quarters of a house or palace. |
’Id al-Adha | Feast of the Sacrifice celebrated on the 10th of Dhu l-Hijja; part of the rites of the Muslim pilgrimage. |
’Id al-Fitr | Feast of Breaking of the Fast celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal to mark the end of Ramadan, the Muslim month of fasting. |
ihram | The state of ritual purity associated with the rites of the pilgrimage in Mecca; the simple white garments worn by males during the pilgrimage. |
ijaza | Certificate authenticating the holder’s mastery of an Islamic text; conveys the right to teach the text to others. |
imam | Leader of prayer in mosques; for Shi’a Muslims the divinely ordained ruler of the Muslim community. |
jihad | War in defense of Islam. |
Ka’ba | The sacred, cube-shaped building in Mecca. |
khan | A mercantile warehouse or hostel for merchants and other travelers; also in Turkish and Mongol usage a chief or ruler. |
madhhab | A school of law in Sunni Islam. The four major schools are the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafi’i. |
madrasa | A school or college teaching the Islamic sciences, especially law. |
Maghrib | The lands of North Africa, corresponding to modern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. |
Maliki | One of the four |
mamluk | A military slave; a member of the Turkish-speaking cavalry elite that ruled Egypt and Syria under the Mamluk dynasty. |
qadi | A Muslim judge. |
Ramadan | The ninth month of the lunar year, which Muslims devote to fasting during daylight hours. |
rihla | Travel; a type of Islamic literature concerned with travels, particularly for study and pilgrimage. |
shari’a | Islamic law. |
sharif | A descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. |
shaykh | A title of respect, as for a tribal chief, learned man, or leader of a Sufi brotherhood. |
Shi’a (Shi’ism) | Muslims who take the view that the Caliph ’Ali and his descendants are the rightful rulers of the Muslim community. The Shi’ia are divided into several minority sects within Islam. An adherent of one of these sects is a Shi’i. |
Sufism | Islamic mysticism. A Sufi is a Muslim mystic and usually a member of a religious order. |
Sunni | The majority sect in Islam whose members follow one of the four major |
tawaf | The ritual of walking around the Ka’ba in Mecca seven times. |
’ulama | Persons learned in the Islamic sciences. |
zawiya | A Sufi religious center or hospice. In eastern Islam, |
Works on Ibn Battuta and His Rihla
This list excludes a number of general works on the history of geography or travel that contain summary descriptions of Ibn Battuta’s career. It also excludes partial translations of the
Rihla
that subsequently appeared as part of larger published works.
Abdur Rahim. “Six Hundred Years After — in the Footsteps of Ibn Battuta in Andalusia.”
Peshawar University Review
51 (1973): 1–21.
Beckingham, Charles F. “From Tangier to China — 14th Century.”
Hemisphere: An Asian-Australian Magazine
, 8 August 1978, pp. 26–31.
—— “Ibn Battuta in Sind.” In
Sind through the Centuries: Proceedings of an International Seminar, Karachi 1975
. Edited by Hamida Khuhro. Karachi, 1981, pp. 139–42.
—— “In Search of Ibn Battuta.”
Asian Affairs
8 (1977): 263–77.
Bhatnagar, R. “Madhyadesh in the Rehla of Ibn Battuta.”
Saugar University Journal
4 (1955–56): 97–109.
Bousquet, G. H. “Ibn Battuta et les institutions musulmanes.”
Studia Islamica
24 (1966): 81–106.
Carim, Fuad.
Maco Polo ve Ibn Batuta
. Istanbul. 1966.
Chelhod, Joesph. “Ibn Battuta, Ethnologue.”
Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée
25 (1978): 5–24.
Chittick, H. Neville. “Ibn Battuta and East Africa.”
Journal de la Société des Africanistes
38 ( 1968): 239–41.
Cuoq, J. M.
Recueil des sources arabes concernant l’Afrique occidentale du Ville au XVIe siècle
. Paris, 1975.
De, Harinath (trans.), and Ghosh, P. N. (ed.).
Ibn Batutah’s Account of Bengal
. Calcutta, 1978.
Défrémery, C., and Sanguinetti, B. R. (trans. and eds.).
Voyages d’Ibn Battuta
. 4 vols. Paris, 1853–58; reprint edn., edited by Vincent Monteil. Paris, 1979.
Dulaurier, Edouard. “Description de l’archipel d’Asie, par Ibn Bathoutha.”
Journal Asiatique
, 4th ser., 9 (1874): 93–134, 218–59.
Fanjul, Serafin. “Elementos folkloricos en la Rihla de Ibn Battuta.”
Revista del Instituto Egipico de Estudios Islamicos en Madrid
21 (1981–82): 153–79.
—— and Arbós, Federico (trans. and eds.).
Ibn Battuta a través del Islam
. Madrid, 1981.
Ferrand, Gabriel.
Relations de voyages et textes géographiques arabes, persans, et turks relatif à l’Extrême-Orient du VIII au XVIII siècles
. 2 vols. Paris, 1913–14. See vol. 2, pp. 426–58.
Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. “Ibn Batuta’s Visit to East Africa, 1332 A.D.: A Translation.”
Uganda Journal
19 (1955): 1–6.
Gabrieli, Francesco (trans. and ed.).
I viaggi di Ibn Battuta
. Florence, 1961.
Gibb, H. A. R. (trans. and ed.).
Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa
. London, 1929; reprint edn., 1983.
—— “Notes sur les voyages d’Ibn Battuta en Asie Mineure et en Russie.”
Etudes d’orientalisme dediées à la memoire de Lévi-Provençal
. 2 vols. Paris. 1962. vol. 1, pp. 125–33.
——
The Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D. 1325–1354. Translated with Revisions and Notes from the Arabic Text Edited by C. Défrémery and B. R. Sanguinetti
. 3 vols. Cambridge for the Hakluyt Society, 1958, 1961, 1971.
Gies, Frances Carney. “To Travel the Earth.”
Aramco World Magazine
(January–February 1978): 18–27.
Haig, M. R. “Ibnu Batuta in Sindh.”
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
19 (1887): 393–412.
Hamdun, Said, and King, Noel (trans. and eds.).
Ibn Battuta in Black Africa
. London. 1975.
Hasan, Mehdi. “The Rihla of Ibn Battuta.”
Proceedings of the Second Indian Historical Congress
2 (1938): 278–85.
Hrbek, Ivan. “The Chronology of Ibn Battuta’s Travels.”
Archiv Orientalni
30 (1962): 409–86.
Husain, Agha Mahdi. “Dates and Precis of Ibn Battuta’s Travels with Observations.”
Sind University Research Journal, Arts Series: Humanities and Social Sciences
7 (1968): 95–108.
—— “Ibn Battuta and His
Rehla
in New Light.”
Sind University Research Journal, Arts Series: Humanities and Social Sciences
6 (1967): 25–32.
—— “Ibn Battuta, His Life and Work.”
Indo-Iranica
7 (1954): 6–13.
—— “Manuscripts of Ibn Battuta’s
Rehla
in Paris and Ibn Juzayy.”
Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
20 (1954): 49–53.
—— (trans. and ed.).
The Rehla of Ibn Battuta
. Baroda, India, 1976.
—— “Studies in the
Tuhfatunnuzzar
of Ibn Battuta and Ibn Juzayy.”
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
23 (1978): 18–49.
Ibn Battuta.
Rihla Ibn Batuta
. Beirut, 1964.
——
Rihla Ibn Battuta
. 2 vols. Cairo, 1964.
Ibn Hajar al-’Asqalani.
Al-Durar al-Kamina fi A’yan al-Mi’a al-Thamina
. 4 vols. Hyderabad, 1929–31. See vol. 3, pp. 480–81 for biographical notice on Ibn Battuta.
Izzeddin, Mehmed. “Ibn Battouta et la topographie byzantine.”
Actes du VI Congrès Internationale des Études Byzantines
. 2 vols. Paris, 1951, vol. 2, pp. 191–96.
Janicsek, Stephen. “Ibn Battuta’s Journey to Bulghar: Is it a Fabrication?”
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
(October. 1929): 791–800.
Janssens, Herman F.
Ibn Batouta, “Le Voyageur de l’Islam.”
Brussels, 1948.
Khan, Abdul Majed. “The Historicity of Ibn Batuta Re. Sham-Suddin Firuz Shah, the So-Called Balbani King of Bengal.”
Indian Historical Quarterly
18 (1942): 65–70.
King, Noel. “Reading between the Lines of Ibn Battuta for the History of Religion in Black Africa.”
Milla wa-milla
19 (1979): 26–33.
Lee, Samuel (trans. and ed.).
The Travels of Ibn Batuta
. London, 1929.
Leva, A. Enrico. “Ibn Batuta nell’ Africa Nera.”
Africa
16: (1961): 169–77.
Lévi-Provençal, E. “Le voyage d’Ibn Battuta dans le royaume de Grenade (1350).”
Mélanges offerts à William Marçais
. Paris, 1950, pp. 205–24.
Markwart, J. “Ein arabischer Bericht über die arktischen (uralischen) Länder aus dem 10 Jahrhundert.”
Ungaarische Jahrbücher
4 (1924): 261–334.
Mattock, J. N. “Ibn Battuta’s Use of Ibn Jubayr’s
Rihla
.” In
Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the Union Européene des Arabisants et Islamisants
. Edited by R. Peters. Leiden, 1981, pp. 209–18.
—— “The Travel Writings of Ibn Jubair and Ibn Batuta.”
Glasgow Oriental Society Transactions
21 (1965–66): 35–46.
Mauny, R., Monteil, V., Djenidi, A., Robert, S., and Devisse, J.
Textes et
documents relatifs à l’histoire d’Afrique: extraits tirés des voyages d’Ibn Battuta
. Dakar, 1966.
Meillassoux, C. “L’itinéraire d’Ibn Battuta de Walata à Malli.”
Journal of African History
13 (1972): 389–95.
Miquel, André. “Ibn Battuta, trente années de voyages de Pekin au Niger.”
Les Africains
1 (1977): 117–40.
—— “L’Islam d’Ibn Battuta.”
Bulletin d’Études Orientales
30 (1978): 75–83.
Mirza, M. Wahid. “Khusrau and Ibn Battuta, a Comparative Study.” In
Professor Muhammad Shafi’ Presentation Volume
. Lahore, 1955, pp. 171–80.
Mollat, Michel. “Ibn Batoutah et la mer.”
Travaux et Jours
18 (1966): 53–70.
Monteil, Vincent. “Introduction aux voyages d’Ibn Battuta (1325–53).”
Bulletin de l’IFAN
, ser. B, 30 (1968): 444–62.
Moraes, G. M. “Haryab of Ibn Batuta.”
Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
15 (1938): 37–49.
Morris, J. “Ibn Batuta: The Travels and the Man.”
Ur
(1980): 23–27.
N’Diaye, Aissatou. “Sur la transcription des vocables africains par Ibn Baththutah.”
Notes Africaines
38 (1948): 26–27; 41 (1949): 31.
Netton, Ian Richard. “Myth, Miracle and Magic in the
Rihla
of Ibn Battuta.”
Journal of Semitic Studies
29 (1984): 131–40.
Norris, H. T. “Ibn Battutah’s Andalusian Journey.”
Geographical Journal
125 (1959): 185–96.
Quiros Rodriquez, C. “B. Batuta: un viajero tangerino sel siglo XIV.”
Archivos del Instituto de Estudios Aficanos
6 (1952): 11–27.
Rashid, Abdur. “India and Pakistan in the Fourteenth Century as Described by Arab Travellers.” In
Congresso internacional de historia dos descobrimentos
. Lisbon, 1961.
Rawlinson, H. G. “The Traveller of Islam.”
Islamic Culture
5 (1931): 29–37.
