The Act of Creation (103 page)

XI. MOTOR SKILLS
1. Psychological Review, 1899, 6, pp. 345-75.
2. Woodworth (1938), p. 159.
3. Book, W. F. (1908).
4. Woodworth (1938), p. 45.
5. New Scientist, March 1, 1962.
6. Miller et al. (1960), p. 86.
7. Lashley in the Hixon Symposium, p. 123.
8. Ruch, T. C. (1951), p. 205.
XII. THE PITFALLS OF LEARNING THEORY
1. (1927), pp. 32-3.
2. Skinner, quoted by Hilgard (1958), p. 117.
3. Ibid., p. 106.
4. [bid., p. 152.
5. Köhler: The Mentality of Apes, Gestalt Psychology.
Koffka: Principles of Gestalt Psychology, The Growth of the Mind.
6. Watson (1928), pp. 198 ff.
7. Watson (1924), p. 281.
8, Watson (1928), p. 199.
9. Loc. cit.
10. Hilgard (1958), p. 121.
11. Guthrie (1935), p. 25.
12. Skinner (1953a), quoted by Hilgard (1958), p. 115.
13. Hull (1945), p. 56.
14. Hilgard (1958), p. 152.
15. Osgood (1953), p. 655.
16. Hebb (1949), p. 59.
17. Hilgard (1958), pp. 8 ff.
18. Ibid, p. 335.
19. Polànyi (1958), p. 71.
20. Craik (1943), p. 121.
21. Hebb (1949), p. 127.
22. Thorpe (1956), pp. 96, 100, 106.
23. Ibid., pp. 229, 231.
24. Ibid., pp. 229, 231, 232, 235.
25. Ibid., p. 227.
26. Russell (1927), p. 41.
27. Osgood (1953), p. 451.
28. Rosenthal, R., and Fode, K. L., 'The Effect of Experimenter Bias on
the Performance of the Albino Rat' in Behavioral Science,
Vol. VIII, 3, July 1963.
29. Earl Ubell in the New York Herald Tribune, January 1960.
30. Thorndike (1913-14), p. 134.
31. Osgood, op. cit., p. 604.
32. Hilgard (1958), p. 15.
32a. Tolman (1937), p. 11.
33. Hilgard (1958), p. 65.
34. Krechevsky (1932).
35. Ibid.
36. Hilgard (1958), p. 470.
37. Osgood, op. cit., p. 604.
XIII. THE PITFALLS OF GESTALT
1, Köhler (1957), p. 113.
2. Ibid., p. 113 n.
3. Osgood (1960), p. 637.
4. Köhler (1957), p. 164.
5. Yerkes (1943), p. 156.
6. Osgood, op. cit., p. 611.
7. Loc. cit.
8. Köhler (1957), p. 43.
9. Ibid, p. 44.
10. Ibid., cap VII.
11. Ibid., p. 44.
12. Ibid., p. 45.
13,.Ibid., p. 167.
14. Yerkes (1943).
15. Birch H. G., in J. Comp. Psychol., 1945, p. 382.
16. Thompson, W. R. and Heron, W. (1954), quoted by Hebb (1958), p. 219.
17. Köhler (1957), p. 164.
18. Ibid., p. 167.
19. Köhler (1930), p. 277.
20. Ibid., pp. 272 seq.
21. Craik (1943), pp. 52.
22. Cf. e.g. Köhler (1957), p. 27.
23. Piaget (1954), p. 359.
24. Craik, op. cit., p. 1.
25. Russell (1927), pp. 279-80.
26. Ibid, p. 83.
27. Köhler (1930), p. 225.
28. Petermann (1932).
29. Hixon Symposium, p. 69.
30. Polànyi (1958), p. 341.
31. Koffka (1935), p. 570.
32. Köhler (1930), p. 215.
33. Hebb (1949), p. 134.
34. Ibid., p. 164.
35. Hebb (1958), pp. 204-5.
36. Hilgard (1958), pp. 475-6, 477-8.
XIV. LEARNING TO SPEAK
1. James (1890), Vol. I, p. 253.
2. Ach quoted by Humphrey, G. (1951), p. 260.
3. Osgood, op. cit., p. 686.
4. Piaget (1954), p. 359.
5. Hilgard (1957), p. 315.
6. Piaget (1954).
7. Ibid., p. 92.
8. Penfield and Roberts (1959), pp. 228-9.
9. Quoted by Woodworth (1938), p. 148.
10. Thorpe, op. cit., p. 119.
11. Head (1926), pp. 111, 112.
12. Woodworth (1938), p. 809.
13. Humphrey (1951), p. 252.
14. Penfield and Roberts (1959), p. 226.
15. Loc. cit.
16. Ibid., p. 228.
17. Chapter on Language and Thought.
XV. LEARNING TO THINK
1. Russell (1927), p. 58.
2. Lorimer (1929), p. 95.
3. Cf. Book One, p. 322.
4. Lorimer (1929), p. 94.
5. Markey (1928), p. 71.
6. Ibid., p. 50.
7. Hebb (1949), p. 118.
8. Ibid., pp. 117 ff.
9. Quoted by Humphrey, op. cit., p. 25.
10. Osgood, op. cit., 689.
11. Cf. e.g. Hebb (1949), p. 176.
12. Lorimer, op. cit., pp. 103 ff.
13. Koffka (1930), p. 347.
14. Piaget (1930), p. 243.
15. Piaget (1928), p. 229.
16. Ibid., p. 227.
17. Lorimer (1929), pp. 124-6.
18. Craik, op. cit., p. 121.
19. See Lévy-Bruhl (1926), pp. 181 seq.
20. Ibid.
21. Dantzig (1930).
22. Herodotus, Historia, Bk. VII.
23. Dantzig, op. cit., pp. 9 ff.
24. Cf. e.g. Haas, W. S. (1956).
XVI. SOME ASPECTS OP THINKING
1. Cf. Koestler (1960).
2. Cf. Hyden (1960, 1962).
3. Penfield and Roberts, op. cit., p. 233.
XVII. ASSOCIATION
1. Osgood, op. cit.
2. Humphrey, op. cit., p. 1.
3. Quoted by Woodworth (1938), p. 370.
4. Quoted by Woodworth (1939) pp. 350 ff.
5. Woodworth (z939) pp. 352 ff.
XVIII. HABIT AND ORIGINALITY
1. Quoted by Polya (1938), p. 164.
2. Polya (1948), p. 158.
3. Ibid., p. 58.
4. Loc. cit.
5. Osgood, op. cit., p. 633.
APPENDIX I. ON LOADSTONES AND AMBER
1. De Magnette, Book V, cap. 12.
2. Ibid., VI, 4.
3. Cap 6.
4. Pledge (1939), p. 121.
5. Quoted from F. Sherwood Taylor (1949), p. 258.
6. Article on 'Electricity' in Enc. Brit. (1955 ed.) VIII, p. 189.
7. Crowther (1940), p. 348.
APPENDIX II. SOME FEATURES OF GENIUS
1. The Elizabethan World Picture (1946).
2. Science and Imagination (1956).
3. Quoted by Farrington (1953), pp. 130-1.
4. Butterfleld (1949), p. 29.
5. Dreyer, J.L.E. Tycho Brahe (1890), p. 14.
6. Il Saggiatore.
7. Dialogue on the Great World Systems, p. 469.
8. Il Saggiatore, Opere, VI, p. 232.
9. Dialogue Concerning Two Sciences, p. 1.
10. Dialogue on the Great World Systems, pp. 68-9.
11. Drake Stillman (1957), pp. 256-8.
12. Harmonice Mundi, cap. 7.
13. Hoskin, M., 'The Mind of Newton', The Listener, 19.10.61.
14. Phillips, R. (1927).
15. Crowther, J. G. (1940), p. 129.
16. Ibid., p. 316.
17. Himmelfarb, G., op. cit., p. 26.
18. Ibid., pp. 314-17.
19. Ibid., p. 317.
20. Ibid., p. 119.
21. Ibid., pp. 307-8.
21A. Ibid. p. 357.
22. Origin of Species (1873), p. 429.
23. The Descent of Man (1913) ed., pp. 946-7.
24. Dubos (1950), p. 72.
25. Dubos (1960), p. 36.
26. Dubos (1950), p. 114.
26A. Ibid, p. 396 f.
27. Ibid, p. 87.
28. La Personne du Prix Nobel (in the press).
29. Enc. Brit., 13th ed. on Jalois.
30. Seelig, op. cit., p. 28.
31. Ibid., p. 26.
32. Crowther (1940), pp. 356 ff.
33. Dubos (1950), p. 383.
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