The 100 Most Influential Scientists of All Time (45 page)

Exercitationes Duae Anatomicae de Circulatione Sanguinis, ad Joannem Riolanem, Filium, Parisiensem (Two Anatomical Exercises on the Circulation of the Blood)
,
77

“Experimental Philosophy Club,”
79

experimental science,
37–38

experimentation, as method for discovering facts,
64
,
99

Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air
,
102

Exposition du système du monde (The System of the World)
,
118–119

Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals, The
,
174

F

Fabrica
,
56

Faraday, Michael,
13–14
,
155–162
,
164
,
199
,
201
,
237

fermentation, research on,
184
,
185

Fermi, Enrico,
14
,
271–276

Fermi-Dirac statistics,
271

Fermi paradox,
275–276

Feynman, Richard P.,
315–318

Feynman diagrams,
316
,
317

Feynman Lectures on Physics, The
,
318

field theory,
162
,
251

fission,
259
,
271
,
273
,
274
,
286
,
293

Fleming, Sir Alexander,
12
,
13
,
253–256

Florey, Howard Walter,
253
,
255–256

Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, The
,
174

Fossey, Dian,
282

fossils, study of,
280
,
281
,
282–283
,
284

Fowler, William,
311

Francis, Thomas, Jr.,
308

Franklin, Benjamin,
101

Franklin, Rosalind,
312
,
318–319

Fraser, Claire,
333–334

Frederick II, King,
57
,
58

Freud, Sigmund,
215–222
,
242

Freudian slips,
219

Friedmann, A.A.,
285–286

Frisch, Otto Robert,
259

Fuller, R. Buckminster,
326
,
327

fullerenes, discovery of,
325–328

Fundamenta Botanica
(“The Foundations of Botany”),
94
,
96

G

Gagnan, émile,
298

galaxies, classification of,
266

Galdikas, Biruté M.F.,
282

Galen of Pergamum,
11
,
32–36
,
37
,
52
,
55
,
57

Galileo Galilei,
46
,
60
,
63–69
,
73–74
,
77

Galton, Sir Francis,
173
,
175–178

Galvani, Luigi,
13
,
105–108

Gamow, George,
285–287

gases

chemistry of,
101
,
102

law of combining volume of,
142–143

Gauss, Carl Friedrich,
133–134

Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis,
139
,
142–145

Geiger, Hans,
239–240

Gell-Mann, Murray,
317

Genera Plantarum
(“Genera of Plants”),
95
,
96

genetics, science/study of,
178
,
179–183
,
227–228
,
278–280
,
287
,
311
,
313
,
314
,
318
,
320
,
332–333
,
335
,
337

genomics research,
332–335

geocentric model of universe,
29
,
30–31
,
59
,
68

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne
,
126
,
127

Geographical Distribution of Animals
,
191

Geological Evidence of the Antiquity of Man, The
,
164

geology, study of,
24
,
162–163
,
166

geometry,
10
,
26
,
36
,
42

Gerhardt, Charles,
205

germ theory,
12
,
13

Gilbert, William,
71–72

glaciers, study of,
165
,
166

Gödel, Kurt,
303

Gold, Thomas,
310

Goodall, Jane,
282
,
323–325

Gough, John,
123

Gould, Stephen Jay,
323
,
328–330
,
338

Green Revolution,
306–308

Growing Up in New Guinea
,
276

H

Hahn, Otto,
239
,
258–259

Hale, George E.,
264–266

Hamm, Stephen,
81–82

Handbuch der Physik
,
291

Harteck, Paul,
242

Harvey, William,
11
,
36
,
74–78

Hawking, Stephen W.,
330–332

Heath, James,
327

Heisenberg, Werner,
257

heliocentric model of universe,
46–47
,
49
,
59
,
60
,
64
,
67
,
70

Hē mathēmatikē syntaxis (The Mathematical Collection)
,
30

Hereditary Genius
,
176

heredity, study of,
179–183
,
227–228
,
313

Herschel, Sir William,
108–112

Herzfeld, Karl,
294

Hevesy, Georg,
257
,
258

Hipparchus,
31

Hippocrates,
10
,
18–22
,
33
,
34
,
37

Hippocratic Oath,
10
,
18
,
20–22

Historia Insectorum
,
87
,
88

Historia Plantarum
,
87

History and Present State of Electricity, with Original Experiments, The
,
101

History of the Fresh Water Fishes of Central Europe
,
165

homeopathy,
53

Hooke, Robert,
15
,
79–80
,
84–85
,
91

Hooker, Joseph Dalton,
170
,
191

Hooke's law,
84

Hortus Cliffortianus
,
95
,
96

Houtermans, F.,
286

How the Mind Works
,
338

How to Live Longer and Feel Better
,
270

Hoyle, Sir Fred,
310–311

Hubble, Edwin Powell,
236
,
249
,
264–267
,
286
,
310

Hubble Atlas of Galaxies, The
,
267

Hubble's constant,
266

Human Genome Project,
314–315
,
333
,
334
,
335–336

human intelligence, study of,
175
,
176–177

Human, the Orchid, and the Octopus, The
,
299

Humboldt, Alexander von,
129–134
,
143

humours,
34

Hunayn ibn Ishāq,
35

Hunter, John,
120–121

Hutton, James,
162

Huxley, Thomas Henry,
169
,
171–172

hybridization, experiments with,
179–183

Hypotheseis tōn planōmenōn (Planetary Hypotheses)
,
31

“Hypothesis Explaining the Properties of Light, An,”
91

“Hypothesis of Light,”
91

I

ichthyology, study of,
165

Igenhousz, Jan,
103

Il saggiatore (The Assayer)
,
67

immunochemistry,
268

independent assortment, law of,
181

inertia,
92

Inquiries into Human Faculty
,
177

Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, An,
122

Inquisition,
62
,
64
,
68–69

Insect Societies, The
,
322

Instructions
(Gay-Lussac),
145

In the Shadow of Man
,
324

Islamic philosophy,
22
,
31
,
36
,
37

Island Life
,
191

isomerism,
153

isomorphism, law of,
152

Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari e loro accidenti
(“History and Demonstrations Concerning Sunspots and Their Properties”),
67

J

Jacques Cousteau: The Ocean World
,
299

Jefferson, Thomas,
105
,
131

Jenkin, Fleeming,
172

Jenner, Edward,
12
,
120–123
,
188

Jensen, J. Hans D.,
24
,
295

Johannsen, Wilhelm,
183

Joliot, Frédéric,
234

Joule, James Prescott,
193

Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S.
Beagle,
169

Journey to Brazil, A
,
167

Jung, Carl,
242–244

K

kelvins,
192

Kepler, Johannes,
46
,
58
,
59
,
69–74

Kitāb al-shifā
(“Book of Healing”),
10

Koch, Robert,
12
,
13
,
211–215

Koch's postulates,
213

Kosmos
,
129
,
134

Krogh, August,
258

Kroto, Sir Harold W.,
325–326
,
327–328

L

Lake Superior
,
166

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste,
127
,
172

Landau, Lev D.,
317

Landsteiner, Karl,
268

Langevin, Paul,
230

language, human faculty for,
337
,
338

Language Instinct, The
,
337–338

Laplace, Pierre-Simon,
116–120

Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, The
,
332

Last Supper
,
40

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent,
98
,
99
,
104
,
112–116
,
117
,
144
,
146
,
148
,
150
,
151

Law of Multiple Proportions,
125

Lawrence, Ernest O.,
258

Leakey, Louis S.B.,
280–283
,
324

Leakey, Mary Douglas,
280
,
282–283

Leakey, Richard,
280
,
282
,
283–285

Leavitt, Henrietta Swan,
235–236

Leclerc, Georges-Louis,
135

Lecons d'anatomie comparée
(“Lessons on Comparative Anatomy”),
126

Lectures on the Work of the Digestive Glands
,
206

Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van,
11
,
12
,
81–84

LeMaître, Georges,
286

Le Monde du silence (The Silent World)
,
299

Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation
(“The Animal Kingdom, Distributed According to Its Organization”),
128

Letters from the Field
,
278

Lewin, Roger,
284
,
285

Liebig, Justus von,
132

light, study of,
70
,
72–73
,
88
,
89–91
,
161
,
208–211
,
245

linguistic behaviour, study of,
337
,
338

Linnaeus, Carolus,
87
,
93–97
,
128

Lister, Joseph,
12
,
13
,
195–199

Liu, Yuan,
327

Living Sea, The
,
299

Locke, John,
79

logic, discipline of,
9
,
10
,
22
,
36

Luther, Martin,
53

Lyell, Sir Charles,
162–164
,
170
,
191

M

MacMichael, William,
152

macrocosm/microcosm analogy,
78

magnetic storms,
133–134

magnetism, study of,
13
,
14
,
137
,
156
,
157
,
192
,
200
,
229–230
,
237

Making of Mankind, The
,
284

Malay Archipelago: The Land of the Orang-Utan, and the Bird of Paradise, The
,
191

Male and Female: A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World
,
278

Malpighi, Marcello,
82