Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (112 page)

onboard gambling and, 156, 157

McCool, Harry, 70, 204

Doolittle as hero of, 88

McElroy, Edgar, 69, 150, 244, 328, 344

in bombing raid, 221, 224–26

and launch of planes, 176

training of, 72

McGuire, Frederick, 382

McGurl, Eugene:

in China, 326, 331

death of, 475

McIntyre, Marvin, 16, 318

McKenzie, Marjorie, 77

McKissick, J. Rion, 411

McMahon, W. A., 417

McQuay Company, 61

Meder, Bob, 206, 249

burial of, 467

captured in China, 279

farewell letter of, 443–44

illness and death of, 442–44, 446, 457, 464, 468, 475

morse code developed by, 442

mother notified of death of, 419

in prison, 300, 302, 304, 400, 438, 442–43

remains of, 466–67

sentence of, 404

Tokyo landing of, 345

Meeus, Charles, 384–85

Mehle, Roger, in battle with
Nitto Maru No. 23,
175

Mele, Tony, 373

Meredith,
128, 162

Mexico, 80

Michela, Joseph, 392, 421–23

Mid-Continent Airlines, 60

Middle East, 75

Midway, Battle of, xiv, 415, 476

Midway Island, 20, 101, 136–37, 211, 316

Mike (interpreter), 355, 426, 427

Miles, John, 24

Military Law Concerning the Punishment of Enemy Airmen, 403, 469, 470

Miller, Edmund, 357

Miller, Henry, 85, 96, 124–25, 131–32

crew listed in order of expertise by, 116–17

at launch, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184

and loss of B-25, 91

in move west, 109

takeoff procedure formulated by, 89–90

training of, 86–87, 89–90

Miller, Richard:

bombing by, 198–99

death of, 475

Mills, William, 74, 91–92, 109

training of, 71, 72

Milwaukee Sentinel,
60

Mindanao, 138

Ministry of Railways Supply Bureau, 220

Minneapolis, Minn., 60

Misake (guard), 445

missionaries, 376–84

Mississippi,
125

Missouri,
452

Mitchel Field, 48, 51–53

Mitchell, William “Billy,” 58

Mitscher, Marc, 64, 121, 129, 159, 238

background of, 64–65

and departure of raiders, 127

drills run by, 162

escorts of, 130

formation of bombers ordered by, 66

Hornet
commanded by, 115

and launch of raid, 176, 183–84

and onboard gambling, 157

at practice takeoff, 67, 68

at pre-raid ceremony, 165

Mitsubishi, 62, 63, 227

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 233, 309

Miura, Yasutoshio, 407

Miwa, Yoshitake, 133, 134, 135, 215, 305, 307, 310, 317

on Japanese propaganda, 310

Miyako,
312

Miyano, Masatoshi, 403

Miyo, Tatsukichi, 136–37

Mizumoto Primary School, 202

Mochi,
312

Mongolia, 77

Monssen,
125, 128

Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 26, 318, 371

financial market worries of, 12

White House ordered protected by, 15

Morris, John, 210

Moysey, Frank, 213, 314

Mukden, 458

Mulder, Karel, 457–58

Muñiz Lavalle, Ramón, 213, 314

Murphy, Clarence, 376–77, 380

Murray, George, 65

Myoko,
190

Nagano, Osami, 316, 401–2, 448

Nagasaki, Japan, nuclear bombing of, 449–50

Nagato Maru,
237, 307

Nagoya, Japan, 62, 63, 306, 309, 350, 354, 395, 458, 478

air raid drills in, 191

bombing raid in, 226–29, 232, 309

leveling of, 449

Nagoya castle, 227

Nagumo, Chuichi, 4, 6, 7, 130, 133–34, 136, 190

Pearl Harbor worries of, 1–3

Nakajima, 62

Nakajima Type 97, 83

Nakajo, Toyoma, 400

death of, 467

Nakamura, Yoshiro, 207

Nanchang, China, 265, 266, 269, 276, 376

Nancheng, China, 343, 382–83, 384

Nanking, China, xiv, 106, 376, 381, 387, 453, 520
n

Nashville,
125, 128, 160, 164, 236–37

in battle with
Nitto Maru No. 23,
173–76, 237

National Hemp Dressing Corporation, 309

National People’s Party, 103

Navy, Imperial:

planes of, 12

strength of, 2, 12

U.S. intelligence on, 139, 141

war games of, 81

Navy, U.S.:

Bureau of Aeronautics, 86

FDR’s worries about weakness of, 25

Pacific drive of, xiv

worried about Japanese attack, 4

Navy General Staff, 189

Netherlands, 10

New Caledonia, 136

New Guinea, 135

New Mexico,
125

News,
415

News Digest,
240

New York Daily News,
74–75

New York Herald Journal,
419

New York Herald Tribune,
24

New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, 19

New York Times,
11, 38, 53, 59, 75, 143–44, 153, 164, 214, 243, 323–24, 390, 414, 458, 459

Nichi Nichi,
218, 234, 312

Nichols, Ray, 451, 452, 453–54

Nielsen, Chase, 147, 149, 248–50, 419

in bombing raid, 206

captured by Chinese, 277–80

and Doolittle’s party, 475

in evacuation to China, 457

on grave-finding mission, 465

injury of, 395

JOAK listened to by, 187

and launch of planes, 177

letter to Dieter’s mother from, 465

letter to FDR from mother of, 366

outraged at tribunal verdict, 471

in prison, 300–304, 345–49, 398, 438, 441, 444, 447, 455–56, 460

recovery of, 463

report on imprisonment by, 457

in return to U.S., 458–59

sentence of, 404

Tokyo landing of, 345

torture of, 300–304

as witness at international tribunal, 468

Niigata Prefecture, 306

Nimitz, Chester, 101–2, 135, 318

background of, 99–100

Halsey ordered to meet Doolittle by, 115

Halsey’s meeting with, 159

ordered to conduct Pacific raids, 100–101

Ninety-Fifth Squadron, 68

Nippon Machine Works, 209

Nishi Nasuno train station, 217

Nisshin,
80

Nitto Maru No. 23,
173–76, 189, 198, 234, 237, 242, 307

No. 1 Iwate Maru,
237

No. 2 Asami Maru,
237

No. 3 Chinyo Maru,
237

No. 26 Nanshin Maru,
237

Noone, Robert, 166

at launch, 183

Norden, Carl, 95

Norden bombsights, 95, 112, 347–48

Norfolk Naval Air Station, 66

Norfolk Naval Operating Base, 64

North Africa, 35

North American Aviation Company, 58–59, 314, 372–73, 417

North Hampton,
159, 160, 164, 172

Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, 411

Norway, 10

Oahu, 4, 6, 135

O’Brien, Pat, 18

Office of Strategic Services, 98, 214, 315, 451

Ohara, 345–46

oil, 11, 80, 133, 151, 167

U.S. exports to Japan shut off, 11

Okada, Ryuhei, 400

arrest of, 468

Sawada’s desire for release of, 471

trial of, 466, 470

Okazaki Hospital, 196

Oklahoma,
18, 24, 99

Ollivier, Ivor, 25

Omi, Heijiro, 306

Operation Plan No. 20–42, 159

Operations Office, 88

Opper, Frederick, 398

Osaka, Japan, 62, 83, 307, 354

air raid drills in, 191

bombing raid in, 226, 230, 232

leveling of, 449

Osaka Mainichi,
82, 451, 486

Osborne, Edgar, at launch, 180

O’Shea, John, 378, 381

Osterloh, Edwin, 235

Ozuk, Charles, Jr., 70, 271, 364

in bombing raid, 201, 202

injuries of, 327

training of, 72

Pacific Fleet, 100

Pacific Fleet, flattops of, 32, 35, 36, 60, 101, 124

Japan’s underestimated number of, 189

as Yamamoto’s target, 101, 135–36

Pacific Fleet, redeployed to Hawaii, 11

Page, Edward, Jr., in Russian internment, 392–93

Palm Beach Post,
24

paratyphoid, 387

Parker, James, 164

Patrick, Mason, 47, 49, 50

Pattison, Alfred, 395

Patton, George, 13

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, xiii, 1–7, 70, 153, 189, 324, 330

blame for, 22, 26

casualties from, 14, 17, 18

damage from, 14, 23–24, 34, 99, 101, 206–7

Doolittle’s response to, 56–57

FDR informed about, 12–14, 16–17, 18

FDR’s cabinet meeting on, 21–22

FDR’s congressional speech on, 19–20, 23

FDR’s statement on, 14–15

fear after, 25, 34

Knox’s survey of damage from, 23–24

night before, 4–5

preparations for, 2–3, 133

risk of, 1–2

U.S. announcement of, 9

U.S. public opinion on, 18–19, 24–25

U.S. ships tied up at, 22

Yamamoto as architect of, 79, 81, 82, 84, 137

Pennsylvania,
4, 24, 125

Perkins, Frances, 21–22

Perkins, Mahlon, 451, 453

Philadelphia Daily News,
470

Philadelphia Inquirer,
24, 420

Philippines, 4, 20, 152

Japanese attack on, 25, 27, 76, 104, 129, 412

Pillsbury,
226

Pingfan, China, 385

Pittsburgh Courier,
77

Pittsburgh Press,
305, 323

plague, xiv, 385, 386, 387, 388

Pohl, David:

in bombing raid, 216, 217

in internment, 420, 430

low gas gauge of, 188

Poindexter, John, 17

Poizat, Michael, 384

Poland, German invasion of, 10, 59

Polish-Soviet War, 335

Popular Mechanics,
42

Portal, Charles, 34, 35

Potter, Hank, 126, 155, 245, 246, 362

brought to Chinese military, 273–74

in flight to Japan, 194, 195

at launch, 178, 179

Pound, Bill:

in bombing raid, 223–24

at launch, 182

Powell, John, 397

Poyang, China, 376

Poyang, Lake, 276

Pravda,
394

Preston,
125

Prince of Wales,
25

Pringle, Henry, 397

prisoners of war, search for, 451–57

Public Cemetery no. 1, 407

Pulitzer race, 48

Pyle, Howard, 474

Quigley, Daniel, 165

Quinn, Charles, 379, 381–82

Rabaul, 135

Radio Tokyo, 164, 409

Radney, Douglas, 200, 366, 479

Rangoon, 151

Rape of Nancheng, 382–83, 384

Rape of Nanking, xiv, 106, 376, 381, 520
n

Rayburn, Sam, 22, 416

Reddy, Ken, 94, 95, 128, 155, 166, 173, 244, 287, 372

in bombing raid, 221, 222

in China, 327, 328–29, 330, 331, 332

on church service, 158

death of, 475

injury of, 333

money lent by, 163–64

in move west, 109

relaxation by, 114

Reilly, Mike, 15

Remedios, Caesar Luis Dos, 401, 404, 407, 409, 466

Repulse,
25

rice, 11

Richter, Melvin, 451

Riefkohl, Frederick, 184

Ring, Stanhope, 240–41

Roberts, John, in battle with
Nitto Maru No. 23,
175

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 10, 14, 25, 26

column of, 78, 318

revenge against Japanese Americans disapproved by, 77

Roosevelt, Franklin D.:

Arnold’s dispute with, 33

“arsenal of democracy” speech of, 10–11

bombing of Japan desired by, 28, 32, 77

at cabinet meeting on Pearl Harbor, 21–22

Churchill’s call to, 17–18

congressional message on Pearl Harbor from, 19–20, 23

Doolittle given Medal of Honor by, 359

effect of war news on, 74, 150–51

executions kept secret by, 412, 413–14, 416

on fall of Wake Island, 75

on hopes to avert war, 12

and Japanese aggression in China, 11

Japanese assets frozen by, 11

Latin American trip of, 139

at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 23, 26–28, 34

message to Hirohito, 12, 15

naval weakness as troubling to, 25

Nielsen’s mother’s letter to, 366

Pearl Harbor information given to, 12–14, 16–17, 18

Pearl Harbor statement of, 14–15

Philippines worries of, 76

reaction to raid, 318–21

on secrecy of Doolittle raid, 172

stamp collection of, 10

study of, 9–10

on
Time,
104

U.S. public opinion buoyed by, 27, 78

war production and, 82

worries for safety of, 25–26

Roosevelt, James, 12, 16

Roosevelt, Theodore, 10

Roosevelt administration:

bond offering by, 12

Doolittle raid deceptions of, xiv, 412, 476

Rosenman, Sam, 318, 319

Rotary Club of St. Louis, 373

Rowe, James, Jr., 76

rubber, 11

rubber tank, 61

Ruptured Duck,
96, 122–23, 162, 177, 181–82, 208, 209–10, 244, 250–56, 280, 286, 291–92, 296, 371, 479

Russia, 35, 75, 188–89, 352–56

landing of raiders in, 257–61, 271, 322, 369

raiders interned in, 287–91, 391–407, 420–37, 477

Russo-Japanese War, 80, 84, 305

Rutherford, Al, 71

Ryuho,
225

Sabine,
159, 160

Sagami Bay, 203

St. John, Robert, 416

St. Louis,
125

Saipan, 448

Sakai, Saburo, 315–16

Sakasegawa, Minami, 231

Salamaua, 135

Salt Lake City,
159, 160, 161, 164, 172, 173, 181, 239

Samoa, 136

San Diego Consistory of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, 373