Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (110 page)

Davenport, Dean, 123, 244, 251–52

in battle with Japanese vessel, 186–87

in bombing raid, 208

injury of, 253, 254, 285

in landing after raid, 280, 283

medal awarded to, 369

Davis, Dwight, 49

Davis, Elmer, 414

DC-2, 35–36

DC-3, 35–36

Death March, 153

DeMille, Cecil B., 45

Denmark, 10

DeShazer, Jacob, 110, 243

and
Bat out of Hell
damage, 186

in battle with
Nitto Maru No. 23,
175

in bombing raid, 232–33

China landing of, 265–69

in evacuation to China, 457

fears of, 157

interviewed in press, 458

at launch, 178, 182–83

missionary work of, 477–78

in prison, 297–98, 299, 347–48, 351, 398, 401, 438–39, 440–43, 444, 445, 446–47, 448, 450, 455, 456, 460

recovery of, 463

report on imprisonment by, 457

in return to U.S., 458–59

sentence of, 404

torture of, 298

training of, 72

as witness at international tribunal, 468

Detroit, Mich., 80

DeWitt, John, 76

Dickson, W. N., 391

Diet, Japanese, 143, 147, 218

Dieter, Bill, 363

in bombing raid, 206

death of, 278, 457

grave of, 465

injuries of, 465

Nielsen’s letter to mother of, 465

Dodson, Oscar, 66–67

Doolittle, Jimmy:

airplane acrobatics of, 36, 44–47, 51, 53–54

airplane racing by, 48–49, 53

ankle injury of, 49–51

Army joined by, 41–42

Arnold’s and Marshall’s meeting with, 357–59

Arnold’s congratulatory message to, 333–34

arrival back in U.S., 357

B-26 investigated by, 56–57

background of, 38–57

Barr aided by, 461–62

and battle with
Nitto Maru No. 23,
176

blind flight mastered by, 52–53

in bombing raid, 194–97, 209

boxing practiced by, 39–41

and California mechanics, 113–14

in charge of Mitchel Field laboratory, 51–53

charisma of, 88

in China, 270–71

departure on raid of, 127–28

desire to lead mission, 97

dive bombing contemplated by, 148–49

education of, 41, 47, 48

executions and, 418

experiments on plane, 47–48

fame of, xiii

in flight to China, 242, 246–47

in flight to Japan, 194

flying learned by, 41–44

on Germany’s World War II preparations, 55–56

Halsey’s meeting with, 115, 158

as hero to raiders, 88

Japanese park in honor of, 477

Japanese propaganda against, 415

and launch of raid, 176, 179, 180

on Leonard’s death, 475

manufacturers thanked by, 372–73

marriage of, 40–41, 42

Marshall’s call to, 127–28

Medal of Honor awarded to, 358–60, 362, 415

Meder memorialized by, 444

and modifications to B-25, 59, 60–62, 92–94, 97, 111–12, 116

in move west, 108, 109, 110, 111–12

placed in charge of raid, 37

plane for raid chosen by, 36

in press, 361

reaction to Pearl Harbor, 56

report by, 371

at Shell, 53, 54–55, 56

stature and appearance of, 38–39, 80, 88

stronger airplane engine favored by, 54–55

in talks with Chinese military, 272, 274–76

Tokyo as target of, 195–97

top priority given to, 58

and training for raid, 85–92, 94

upset with York, 369

as witness at international tribunal, 468–69

and work report incident, 117

Doolittle, Jimmy, Jr., 362

Doolittle, John, 362

Doolittle, Josephine Daniels, 40–41, 42, 48, 127

Doolittle, Rosa, 39, 40

Doolittle raid, 221–33, 368

casualties of, xiv, 197, 201, 202, 207, 220, 231, 307, 309, 311, 351, 411–12, 469

Chiang’s desire for delay of, 169–71

China as landing destination for, xiii, 31, 36, 58, 63–64, 105–6, 108, 115, 129, 146, 150, 166–70, 204, 242, 244, 308

Chinese casualties as result of, 384–90, 476

civilian property destroyed in, xiv, 201–2, 231

and concerns about planes being hit, 148–49

damage from, 197, 201–2, 205, 217, 218–20, 222, 225–26, 227–28, 231, 238–39, 308–9

effect on Japan of, 311–12

effect on U.S. of, 317–19

enemy patrol boats and, 236–37

erroneous Japanese reports on, 306–7

FDR’s reaction to, 318–21

as iconic, xii

Japanese anticipation of, 189–92

Japanese editorials on, 312–14

Japanese fighters against, 201, 203

Japanese government’s reassurances after, 309–11

Japanese leaders’ response to, 375

Japanese report on, 414–15

launch of, 176–85, 192

length of flights for, 93, 177

military targets and, 148, 468–69

radio reports of, 239–40

risk of, xiii, xiv–xv

Roosevelt administration deception about, xiv, 412, 476

secrecy of, 172

targets of, xiii, 144–45, 146–47, 148, 195–97, 468–69

Tokyo bombed in, 196–214, 215–21

see also Hornet

Doolittle raid, plan for, 28, 31–32, 34–37, 38

aircraft carrier in, 65–66

aircrews chosen in, 68–74

cities chosen in, 62

and dumping of fuel tins, 150

launch of B-25s in, 116

liftoff time decided in, 146

night attack envisioned in, 63

number of bombers needed in, 35

oil moved for, 107–8

outline in, 62

planes chosen in, 35–37

practice in, 66–67

report on, 62–63

route in, 130

safety as paramount in, 130–31

Stilwell briefed on, 106–7

takeoff in, 58, 89–90, 132, 163

targets chosen in, 146–47

weather and, 63, 162

wide front in, 146–47

Doolittle raid, raiders of, 479, 480

bombs inscribed by, 165–66

capture of, xiv

Chiang’s lunch invitation to, 331–33

courage of, xiv–xv, 475–76

departure of, 126–29

Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 330–31, 334, 367–69

Eglin field training of, 85–97

execution of, 407–9, 412–13, 416–17, 418, 438, 456, 457, 475

gambling by, 156–57, 163

gear carried by, 149

hair length of, 162

hiding in China by, 292–95

hunt for remains of, 465–67

Imperial Palace as favored target of, 147–48

inoculations of, 95, 150

internment escape planned by, 427–28, 430–37

Japanese trial of, 400–401

meals of, 155–56

missionaries’ aid to, 376–84

mission training for, 70–72, 85, 87–92, 94, 96–97, 108–18, 122, 129

in move to California, 101–2

naval etiquette course of, 95

North Africa reunion of, 474

ordered west, 101, 108–13

parties for, 462, 474–75, 476–77, 478–79

personal preparations for mission, 163–64

pre-raid ceremony of, 165–66

in prison, 438–48, 450, 454–57, 458

recovery of, 463–64

relaxation by, 95–96, 114–15, 156–57, 163

reports on capture of, 409–19

response to executions of, 418–19

in Russian internment, 287–91, 391–407, 420–37, 477

sailing toward Japan by, 153–58, 160–68

sentencing of, 438–39

targeting of residential areas and, 148

torture of, 396–97

waterboarding of, 299, 301–2, 457

whiskey given to, 150

Dorn, Frank “Pinkie,” 103, 329–30

Douglas, William, 416

Duncan, Donald:

Doolittle ordered west by, 101, 108–11

Halsey’s meeting with, 115

Japanese attack plan of, 31–32, 64, 65–66, 67, 68, 318

at practice takeoff, 67, 68

on secret visit to Nimitz, 98–101

Dunker, Steve, 376–78

Dunker, Wendelin, 371, 377–79, 380, 381, 383

Duquette, Omer, death of, 475

Dutch East Indies, 11, 75, 82, 151, 152

Dwyer, Robert, 469

Dykema, Mrs. T. J., 362

Dynan, Joseph, 214

dysentery, 385

Early, Steve, 14–15, 16, 20, 21, 419

Eastern District Army, 310

East Indies, 27

Edgewood Arsenal, 62

Eglin Field, 71–72, 85–97, 110, 113, 129

Egoricheff, Ivan, 141–42

Eierman, Jacob:

in bombing raid, 227, 228–29

final letter of, before raid, 114–15

at launch, 178, 179

Eighty-Ninth Reconnaissance Squadron, 68

Eikichi Maru,
237

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 322

Electric Machinery Works, 231

Eleventh Army, 375

Elizalde, Joaquim, 18

Ellet,
159

Emmens, Bob, 69, 74, 91–92, 122, 129, 164, 355, 356

in bombing raid, 215–16, 217

in flight to Tokyo, 187, 188, 189

in internment escape, 433, 435

at launch, 182

and low gas gauge of, 188, 189

and move to south of Russia, 420, 477

in move west, 109–10

in Russian internment, 287, 289, 290, 392, 393, 394, 420–21, 422, 424–27, 429, 430, 431, 433, 434, 477

Russian landing of, 257–61

training of, 72

Emmens, Justine, 393

Enemy Airmen’s Act, 403, 469, 470

England, Frank, 336–37

Enterprise,
5, 32, 65, 75, 101, 130, 159, 160–61, 162, 164, 172, 173, 183, 184, 234, 235–36, 237, 239, 241

En-Tse Hospital, 285

Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Unit of the Kwantung Army, 385

Executive Order 9066, 76–77

Fairbanks, Douglas, 49

Faktor, Leland, 271, 326, 333, 363, 364

Fanning,
159

Farrow, Billy, 71, 95–96, 125, 155, 243, 419, 477

and
Bat out of Hell
damage, 186

in bombing raid, 226, 232–33

burial of, 467

China landing of, 257, 269

execution of, 407–9, 411–12, 438, 457, 464, 465, 475

final letters of, 405–7

at launch, 178, 183, 234

letter from mother of, 366–67

personal testimony of, 410–11, 418

in prison, 350, 399, 400, 405, 410

remains of, 465–66

sentence of, 404

Farrow, Jessie, 411

Fat Man, 449–50

Federal Reserve Building, 28

Fengtai, 454

Fickle Finger of Fate,
96, 223–24

Field, John, 130, 163, 183

Fiji, 136

First Fleet, 190

Fitzgerald, John, Jr., 66, 67

Fitzhugh, Bill, at launch, 181

Fitzmaurice, Donald, 249

death of, 278, 419, 457

grave of, 465

injuries of, 465

Flying Tigers, 102, 328, 344

Ford, John, 159

Fort Worth Star-Telegram,
34

Fourth Cruiser Division, 190

France, 10

Fuchida, Mitsuo, 6, 135, 315, 316

baptism of, 478

and preparations against Doolittle raid, 190

Fujita, Chosei, 407

Fukudome, Shigeru, 137

Furusawa, Yukiteru, 202

Futsin, China, 387

Gardner, Melvin, 94

in bombing raid, 221

death of, 366, 475

fiancée’s inquiry about, 365–66

last letter of, before raid, 115

gasoline, 80

Genda, Minoru, 135

Geneva Convention, 403, 413

Genghis Khan, 83

Germany, 75

countries invaded by, 10, 59

Japanese alliance with, 11, 80

World War II preparations of, 55–56

Gilbert Islands, 134, 135

Ginza, 143, 210

glanders, 385

Glines, Carroll, 479–80

Glynn, Bill, 328

Golden Gate Bridge, 323

Grand Peking Hotel, 456

Gray, Robert, 91

bombing by, 198, 202, 309

death of, 475

inquiries by parents of, 366

at launch, 181

Grayson,
125, 128

Great Britain:

and fall of Singapore, 75

German bombing of, 10

Greater Japan Airlines, 230

Green Hornet,
96, 187, 205–7, 395

crash of, 248–50, 277, 419, 465

Greening, Ross, 71, 86, 94, 244

B-25 modified by, 92–93

in bombing raid, 221–22, 312

in China, 327, 332

Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367

at Doolittle’s party, 475

at launch, 176, 177–78, 180, 182

made flight commander, 88

relaxation by, 114

suburbs as target of, 146

Grew, Joseph, 211–12

Griffin, Tom, 372

Griffith Stadium, 18–19

Gripsholm,
315

Gross, Sid, 419

Grow, Malcolm, 461–62

Guam, 4, 20, 104, 448

fall of, 25, 27, 153

Guggenheim, Harry, 52

Guillain, Robert, 210–11, 314–15

Gwin,
125, 128

Haguro,
190

Hallmark, Dean, 114, 187, 248–49, 363, 364–65, 470, 471

in bombing raid, 204, 205–7

burial of, 467

dysentery of, 399, 401

execution of, 407–9, 438, 457, 464, 465, 475

final letter from, 405

Hite’s letter to family of, 464

in prison, 300, 302, 304, 399, 400, 404–5

remains of, 465–66

sentence of, 404, 405

Tokyo landing of, 345

torture of, 302

Hallmark, Ollie, 464

Halsey, William, “Bull” Jr., 100, 101–2, 130, 164–65, 172–74, 318

departure on raid of, 115

Doolittle admired by, 362

Doolittle’s meeting with, 115, 158

Hornet
’s merging with task force of, 160–61

at launch, 179

Marcus Island attacked by, 135

Nimitz’s meeting with, 159

in return to Pearl Harbor, 158–59

secrecy of, 159–60

Hamada, Dick, 451, 452

Hannibal, 82–83

Hanson, James, 50

Hari Kari-er,
96, 221–22

Harmon, Millard, Jr., 97, 371

Harp, Edward, Jr., 157–58, 163, 240

Wall’s injury and, 235