Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World (42 page)

BOOK: Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World
6.86Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Robock, Alan, and Melissa P. Free. “Ice Cores as an Index of Global Volcanism from 1850 to the Present.”
Journal of Geophysical Research
100 (June 1995): 11549–67.

Robock, Alan, and Yuhe Liu. “The Volcanic Signal in Goddard Institute for Space Studies Three-Dimensional Model Simulations.”
Journal of Climate
7 (1994): 44–55.

Self, Stephen, et al. “Volcanological Study of the Great Tambora Eruption of 1815.”
Geology
12 (November 1984): 659–63.

Siebert, Lee, Tom Simkin, and Paul Kimberley.
Volcanoes of the World
. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2010.

Sigurdsson Haraldur, and Steven Carey. “Eruptive History of Tambora Volcano.”
Mitteilungen Geologisch-Palaeontologische Institut
(University of Hamburg) 70 (1992): 187–206.

———. “Plinian and Co-ignimbrite Tephra Fall from the 1815 Eruption of Tambora Volcano.”
Bulletin of Volcanology
51 (1989): 243–70.

Sivertsen, Barbara J.
The Parting of the Sea: How Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plagues Shaped the Story of the Exodus
. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.

Staël, Madame de.
Corinne; or, Italy
. Trans. Emily Baldwin and Paulina Driver. London, 1906.

Stendel, Martin, et al. “Influence of Various Forcings on Global Climate in Historical Times Using a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model.”
Climate Dynamics
26 (2006): 1–15.

Storch, H. von, et al. “Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data.”
Science
306 (2004): 679–82.

Stothers, Richard B. “Climatic and Demographic Consequences of the Massive Volcanic Eruption of 1258.”
Climatic Change
45 (2000): 361–74.

———. “The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath.”
Science
224 (June 15, 1984): 1191–98.

Timmreck, Claudia, et al. “Limited Temperature Response to the Very Large AD 1258 Volcanic Eruption.”
Geophysical Research Letters
36 (2009): L21708.

Wagner, Sebastian, and Eduardo Zorita. “The Influence of Volcanic, Solar, and CO
2
Forcing on the Temperatures in the Dalton Minimum (1790–1830): A Model Study.”
Climate Dynamics
225 (2005): 205–18.

Wood, Gillen D’Arcy. “Clouds, Constable, Climate Change.”
Wordsworth Circle
38.1–2 (2007): 25–34.

Yalcin, Kaplan, et al. “Ice Core Evidence for a Second Volcanic Eruption around 1809 in the Northern Hemisphere.”
Geophysical Research Letters
33 (2006): L14706.

CHAPTER THREE
“THIS END OF THE WORLD WEATHER”

Brandes, Heinrich.
Beiträgen zur Witterungskunde
. Leipzig, 1820.

Bromwell, William J.
History of Immigration to the United States [1819–55] … with an Introductory Review of the Progress and Extent of Immigration to the United States prior to 1819
. New York, 1856.

Clausewitz, Carl von.
Politische Schriften und Briefe
. Ed. Hans Rothfels. Munich: Drei Masken Verlag, 1992.

Clubbe, John. “The Tempest-toss’d Summer of 1816: Mary Shelley’s
Frankenstein
.” In
Literature in Context
, ed. Joachim Schwend et al. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1992.

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.
Collected Letters
. Ed. Earl Leslie Griggs. 6 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.

Dawson, Alastair, et al. “A 200-Year Record of Gale Frequency, Edinburgh, Scotland: Possible Link with High-Magnitude Volcanic Eruptions.”
The Holocene
7.3 (1997): 337–41.

Fischer, E. M., et al. “European Climate Response to Tropical Volcanic Eruptions over the Last Half Millennium.”
Geophysical Research Letters
34 (2007): L05707.

Forster, Thomas.
Researches into Atmospheric Phaenomena
. London, 1813.

Hamblyn, Richard.
The Invention of Clouds: How an Amateur Meteorologist Forged the Language of the Skies
. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001.

Henchoz, Paul. “L’Année de la Misère (1816–17) dans la Région Montreux.”
Revue Historique Vaudoise
42 (1934): 66–89.

Henrioud, Marc. “L’Année de la Misère en Suisse et Plus Particulièrement dans le Canton de Vaud.”
Revue Historique Vaudoise
25 (1917): 114–24, 133–42, 171–92.

Howard, Luke.
The Climate of London: Deduced from Meteorological Observations, Made at Different Places, in the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis
. 2 vols. London, 1820.

Lamb, H. H., and A. I. Johnston.
Secular Variations of the Atmospheric Circulation since 1750.
London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1966.

Mackenzie, George.
The System of the Weather in the British Islands
. Edinburgh, 1821.

Masters, Jeff. “2010–2011: Earth’s Most Extreme Weather since 1816?”
Weather Underground
. June 24, 2011.
www.wunderground.com
.

Matthews, Henry.
Diary of an Invalid
. London, 1824.

Peacock, A. J.
Bread or Blood: A Study of the Agrarian Riots in East Anglia in 1816
. London: Victor Gollancz, 1965.

Phillips, Bill. “
Frankenstein
and Mary Shelley’s ‘Wet, Ungenial Summer.’ ”
Atlantis
28.2 (December 2006): 59–68.

Post, John D.
The Last Great Subsistence Crisis in the Western World
. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.

Raffles, Thomas.
Letters during a Tour through Some Parts of France, Savoy, Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands, in the Summer of 1817
. London, 1818.

Schneider, David P., et al. “Climate Response to Large, High-Latitude and Low-Latitude Volcanic Eruptions in the Community Climate System Model.”
Journal of Geophysical Research
114 (2009): D15101.

Schneider-Carius, Karl.
Weather Science, Weather Research: A History of Their Problems and Findings from Documents during Three Thousand Years
. Trans. from German. New Delhi, 1975.

Shindell, Drew, et al. “Dynamic Winter Response to Large Tropical Volcanic Eruptions since 1600.”
Journal of Geophysical Research
109 (2004): D05104.

Vail, Jeffrey. “ ‘The bright sun was extinguish’d’: The Bologna Prophecy and Byron’s ‘Darkness.’”
Wordsworth Circle
28.3 (Summer 1997): 183–92.

CHAPTER FOUR
BLUE DEATH IN BENGAL

Arnold, David.
Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Barber, John.
An Account of the Rise and Progress of the Indian or Spasmodic Cholera … Illustrated by a Map Showing the Route and Progress of the Disease from Jessore, Near the Ganges, in 1817, to Great Britain, in 1831
. New Haven, 1832.

Blacker, Valentine.
Memoir of the Operations of the British Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817, 1818, & 1819
. London, 1821.

Burton, R. G.
The Mahratta and Pindari War
. Simla: Government Press, 1910.

Collins, Andrew E. “Vulnerability to Coastal Cholera Ecology.”
Social Science and Medicine
57 (2003): 1397–1407.

Colwell, Rita R. “Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases: Biocomplexity as an Interdisciplinary Paradigm.”
Ecohealth
2 (2005): 244–57.

———. “Global Climate and Infectious Disease: The Cholera Paradigm.”
Science
274.5295 (December 20, 1996): 2025–31.

———. “Infectious Disease and Environment: Cholera as a Paradigm for Waterborne Disease.”
Perspectives: International Microbiology
7 (2004): 285–89.

Colwell, Rita R., and Anwar Huq. “Marine Ecosystems and Cholera.”
Hydrobiologia
460 (2001): 141–45, 1341–46.

Corbyn, Frederick.
A Treatise on the Epidemic Cholera, as it has Prevailed in India
. Calcutta, 1832.

Cottingham, Kathryn L., et al. “Environmental Microbe and Human Pathogen: The Ecology and Microbiology of
Vibrio Cholerae
.”
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
1.2 (2003): 80–86.

Das, P. K.
The Monsoons: A Perspective
. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1984.

Ford, Timothy E., et al. “Using Satellite Images of Environmental Changes to Predict Infectious Disease Outbreaks.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases
15.9 (September 2009): 1341–46.

Hamlin, Christopher.
Cholera: The Biography
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Harrison, Mark.
Climates and Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment and British Imperialism in India, 1600

1850
. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999.

———.
Disease and the Modern World: 1500 to the Present Day
. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004.

Hastings, Marquess of.
Private Journal
. Ed. Marchioness of Bute. London, 1858.

Heidelberg, J. F. “DNA Sequence of Both Chromosomes of the Cholera Pathogen
Vibrio Cholerae
.”
Nature
406.6795 (August 3, 2000): 477–83.

Higginbotham, J. J.
Selections from the Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register
. Madras, 1875.

Homer.
The Iliad
. Trans. Richmond Lattimore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Hora, Sunder Lal. “Worship of the Deities,
Olā
,
Jholū
, and
Bŏn Bībī
in Lower Bengal.”
Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
29 (1933): 1–4.

Jameson, James.
Report on the Epidemick Cholera Morbus, As It Visited the Territories Subject to the Presidency of Bengal in the Years 1817, 1818, and 1819
. Calcutta, 1820.

Jha, Shri Jata Shanka. “The Suppression of the Pindaris.”
Journal of the Bihar Research Society
43 (1954): 251–84.

“Judicial Letters: Measures Adopted for Affording Medical Aid to the Persons Attacked with the Epidemic Disorder at Bewar, Banda and Cawpore.” British Library: India Office Records, 1817–18.

Jutla, Antapreet S., et al. “Warming Oceans, Phytoplankton, and River Discharge: Implications for Cholera Outbreaks.”
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
85.2 (2011): 303–8.

Koelle, Katia, et al. “Refractory Periods and Climate Forcing in Cholera Dynamics.”
Nature
436 (August 4, 2005): 696–700.

Lobitz, Brad, et al. “Climate and Infectious Disease: Use of Remote Sensing for Detection of
Vibrio cholerae
by Indirect Measurement.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science
97.4 (February 15, 2000): 1438–43.

Moreau de Jonnés, A.
Rapport au Conseil Supérieur de Santé sur le cholera-morbus pestilentiel
. Paris, 1831.

“Papers of George Green Spilsbury.” British Library: India Office Records, 1811–27.

Pascual, Mercedes, et al. “Cholera and Climate: Revisiting the Quantitative Evidence.”
Microbes and Infection
4 (2002): 237–45.

———. “Cholera Dynamics and El Niño-Southern Oscillation.”
Science
289 (September 8, 2000): 1766–69.

———. “Hyperinfectivity in Cholera: A New Mechanism for an Old Epidemiological Model?”
Public Library of Science
3.6 (June 2006): 931–32.

Pascual, Mercedes, and Katia Koelle. “Disentangling Extrinsic from Intrinsic Factors in Disease Dynamics: A Nonlinear Time Series Approach with an Application to Cholera.”
American Naturalist
163.6 (June 2004): 901–13.

Pascual, Mercedes, and Menno Jan Bouma. “Seasonal and Interannual Cycles of Endemic Cholera in Bengal 1891–1940 in Relation to Climate and Geography.”
Hydrobiologia
460 (2001): 147–56.

Prinsep, Henry.
History of the Political and Military Transactions in India during the Administration of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813

23
. London, 1825.

“Proceedings Relative to the Measures which were Successfully Adopted with the View of Counteracting the Fatal Epidemic Denominated Cholera Morbus which Raged in the Town and Suburbs of Calcutta” [1817]. British Library: India Office Records.

Reidl, Joachim, and Karl E. Klose. “
Vibrio cholerae
and Cholera: Out of the Water and into the Host.”
FEMS Microbiology Reviews
26 (2002): 125–39.

Roberts, Emma.
Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan
. 2 vols. London, 1835.

Robock, Alan. “Volcanic Eruptions and Climate.”
Reviews of Geophysics
38.2 (May 2000): 191–219.

Rodó, Xavier, et al. “ENSO and Cholera: A Nonstationary Link Related to Climate Change?”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
99.20 (October 1, 2002): 12901–6.

Schneider, David P., et al. “Climate Response to Large, High-Latitude and Low-Latitude Volcanic Eruptions in the Community Climate System Model.”
Journal of Geophysical Research
114 (2009): D15101.

Shears, Paul. “Recent Developments in Cholera.”
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
14 (2001): 553–58.

Statham, James.
Indian Recollections
. London, 1832.

Uma, G., et al. “Recent Advances in Cholera Genetics.”
Current Science
85.11 (December 10, 2003): 1538–45.

Vezzulli, Luigi, et al. “Environmental Reservoirs of
Vibrio cholerae
and Their Role in Cholera.”
Environmental Microbiology Reports
2.1 (2010): 27–33.

von Rad, Ulrich, et al. “A 5000-yr Record of Climate Change in Varved Sediments from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Pakistan, Northeastern Arabian Sea.”
Quarternary Research
51.1 (1999): 39–51.

Wang, Bin, ed.
The Asian Monsoon
. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

Yadav, Ram R. “Basin Specificity of Climate Change in Western Himalaya, India: Tree-Ring Evidences.”
Current Science
92.10 (May 2007): 1424–29.

Zuckerman, Jane N., et al. “The True Burden and Risk of Cholera: Implications for Prevention and Control.”
Lancet: Infectious Diseases
7 (2007): 521–30.

CHAPTER FIVE
THE SEVEN SORROWS OF YUNNAN

Abel, Clarke.
Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China … in the Years 1816 and 1817
. London, 1818.

Other books

Possession by Celia Fremlin
The Street by Mordecai Richler
The Hireling by L. P. Hartley
Below by Ryan Lockwood