Authors: James Fergusson
Tags: #History, #Asia, #General, #Modern, #20th Century
Jowzjan militia 148, 178
judicial killings, Ghazi football stadium 87, 89–90
Jung, Franz Josef 228
Kaambakhsh, Sayed Parwez 256
Kabraji, Shahpur, on Predator drone assassinations 234
Kabul 2010
visit 195–212
attacks, bin Laden finance 127
Chak 355
cosmopolitan period 80–1 dilapidated 259–60
ex-mujahideen and, 1994 23–5 football stadium executions 17 hotels bombed 195–8, 199
Mullah Omar and 81
Taliban assault/ capture 45, 62–3
US air bombardment 148
Kabul–kandahar highway 355–8, 360,361
Kadir, Hajji Abdul 327
Kajaki dam 180
Kalimzai, Wahedullah 373
Kandahar 2003
counter-attack 168–9
Ahmed Wali and 251–2
airbase, prisoners mistreatment 220–2
bandits overcome 25–36
bin Laden at 126–7
Canadians in 172
capture from Taliban 147
final stand 149
Kabul Darwaza Square massacre 26
Mullah Omar's 'Special Office' 132–6, 141–2
Sarposa jail, mass breakout 185–6
Unocal at 109
Karzai, Ahmed Wali 251–2
Karzai, Hamid
and 2009 election 249–53 and Fahim 261
and fundamentalism 257 and Haqqani 170–1
and Hazrat Ali 328 and India 163
and Maldives meeting 289–91
and negotiated settlement prospects 2010 213–15
and Transitional Authority 161 anti-US tirade 253–4
government 189
and opium 107
political appointments 330–1
unable to form 250–3
in Tarin Kot 155
Khawasi on 285
on dialogue with Taliban 385
on Quetta Taliban 166
on Taliban 254–5, 366
public opinion 171
Kashmir 53
Kenya, al-Qaida US embassy attacks 118
KHAD (KGB client) 261, 267–9
Khadim ul Furqan 310, 313
Khalili, Kharim 238, 318
Khalilzad, Zalmay 109, 163, 166
and Zahir Shah 337
Khataba village, night raid victims 229
McRaven's apology 231–2
Khawaja, Khalid 54
Khawasi, Abdul-Sattar 282–92
Khomenei, Ayatollah 115
Khost
suicide bomb attack 184
US missile attack 119
Khyber Pass 41
Koh-i-Asmai 199
kohl use, Pashtuns 48, 49
Kucinich, Dennis, on McChrystal 200
Kunduz
buying ammunition from enemy 178
fuel transporter bombing 228
Pakistan airlift from 157 resistance 149
Taliban in 270
Lamb, Christina 139
landmines
Taliban ban 92
see also
IEDs
Lashkar Gah 180
Lashkar-e-Toiba 198
Leadership Council 169–70
Leghari, Farooq 38
Leno, Mavis, and anti-Taliban lobbying campaign 55
Lindh, John Walker (Sulayman al-Faris) 152
Lockerbie bombing, compensation payments 227
Lockhart, Clare 162
Lucas, Adrian 190–1
Lucas, Alec 190–1
Luttrell, Petty Officer Marcus 129
Macdonald, Norine 270 madrasah system 29, 68–70
and war orphans 65–9
Maiwand, Battle of 174
Maiwand district, bandit cleansing 32–5
Maldives conference 214, 287–92
Malik Pahlawan, General 113
Mansur, Khaled, on famine 138
Mansur, Saifur Rehman 170
Marjah 205–6, 270, 383–4
marriage, inter-racial 125–6
martyrdom, Taliban and 62–3
Mashrano Jirga (Upper House) 311
Massoud, Ahmed Shah 62, 131–2, 204, 260
lionization 274–81
Omar offers compromise 241
Maududi, Syed Abul A'ala 297
Mazar-i-Sharif 302–8
1997 visit 72–4
Rumsfeld at 69–71
Taliban and 112–17, 131
Unocal at 109
US air attack 147–9
Mazari, Abdul Ali 28, 240
McChrystal, General Stanley
command issues 233, 235–6
Counterinsurgency Guidance
212, 230
on negotiation possibilities 189–90
on Operation Moshtaraq 383
orders night raids end 229–30, 232–3
troops surge 199–212
McRaven, Vice-Admiral William, apology to Khataba family 231–2
Mecca talks 224–5, 314
MEDCAP programme 175–6 media, Taliban and 73–9
Mehsud, Hakimullah 123 mercenary units 233
military construction projects, wealth from 264–6
Miller, Marty 109
Millian Bullets
, A 359
Mines and Industries Ministry, Zaeef and 104–7
Mirwais (Afghan-American) 197 mission creep, Taliban and 80
Mohammad, Abdul 27–8
Mohammad, Neda 28
Mohmand people 340–2
Morocco, Jami'at al-Qarawiyyin madrasah 69
mousetrap mines 110
Mujadeddi, Sibghatullah 288
mujahideen 102, 104, 125, 177, 246
1980s insurgency 51
CIA finance 51
former 24–35, 45, 274–5, 287, 367
and Kabul 1994 23–6
Taliban as 238, 243–5
Tajik 110–11, 204, 264
see also
Harakat; Hizb-i-Islami
Mullah Akhtar Mohammed Mansour 387–8
Mullah Allah Mohammed 348–53
Mullar Naim 362–80
Mullah Omar
see
Omar, Mullah
Mohammad
Mullen, Admiral Mike 251
Munguia, Ricardo 169
Musa Qala 176–7, 180
anti-tank mines 184
Musharraf, General Pervez 50
and Bush 157
and Quetta Taliban 166
and Taliban remnant 163
and War on Terror 156–7
on 9/11 US response 146
Muslimyar, Mohammed Zahir 288
Mustafa, Crown Prince 337
Muttawakil, Wakil Ahmad 140–1, 142, 143–4
Nabi, Mullah Mohammed 316
Naimatullah, on Marjah 384
Najibullah, Mohammad
and KHAD 268
murder 63–4
Nangarhar province 326–34
Naqib, Mullah 26, 36
Nasir Bagh refugee camp 57
National Directorate of Security (NDS) 196, 267–74, 369
and journalists 269–73
prisoner torture 272–4
Nato Coalition 79, 173, 355, 360, 361, 366, 368, 377
airpower 182–3, 227, 234, 235
aggressive image 191
2010 Lisbon summit 385
see also
ISAF; night raids; specific forces and operations
natural disasters 132, 138
Nawaz Sharif, Mian Muhammad 38–40, 50
negotiation 14–19
Obama on 293
possibilities 189–90, 213–16
talks, Mecca 224–5
New York Times
166
Niazi, Mullah 114
night raids, US Special Forces 228–32, 235
9/11 attacks
unexpected by Taliban 143–4, 145
US response 145–8
Northern Alliance 72, 82
CIA support 146–9, 150
empowerment 161, 163
war against 110–18
Now Zad 180, 181
nuclear attack issues 145–6
Obaidullah, Mullah 103, 170
Obama, Barack
Afghan strategy review options 367, 384–5, 386
and negotiation possibilities 189 and troop surge 251
Kabul visit 211–12, 251
on talks with militants 293
orders increased search-and-destroy missions 232–3
promise to close Guantanamo 246
reopens Dasht-i-Leili affair 154
time limits McChrystal's surge 202–3
oil interests 19
and Taliban 108–10, 118
Olson, Admiral Eric, on search-and- destroy missions 232, 233
Omar, Mullah Mohammad 13, 15, 355, 366–7, 368
2003 counter-attack 168–74
2010 Eid al–Adha address 387–8
and Kabul 81
and Leadership Council 169–70
and Osama bin Laden 118, 120, 124–31, 142–3
and peace talks 215–17
and Prophet's cloak 42–4
and religious police control 96–7
and suicide bombers 183–4
as Amir ul-Mu'mineen 42–4, 81, 83, 103, 143, 216–17, 236–7
at Quetta 165
see also
Quetta shura
at Sangisar 30–6 command issues 236–7
decrees, different signatures 135–6
escape on motorbike 155
Osman on 132–6, 143
Shinwari on 336, 339 website 79
Zaeef and 30–5, 117–18
Operation Enduring Freedom 146–50, 158, 168
Operation Herrick 174
Operation Moshtaraq 201–12, 383
Operation Omid 205–12, 383
opium production, economic issues 105–7
opium trade
see
poppy trade opium users, Afghanistan 107
Osman, Tariq, on Mullah Omar 132–6, 141–3
Oxfam 41, 47, 72–3
Pakistan
1996 general election 38–41
Afghan refugees in 52
al-Qaida and 122, 123–4
and India 53
and Northern Alliance 163
and Taliban 1996 46–54, 113
and Taliban resurgence 163–7
and War on Terror 155–7
army, US aid 156
effect of al-Qaida 53–4
ISI
see
Inter Service Intelligence (ISI)
population growth 40–1
see also
Quetta
Pakistan Muslim League 38–9
Pakistan People's Party (PPP) 38
Pakistani Taliban 368
on overseas targets 123
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 54
Zakir's mission to 247–8
Panetta, Leon, on Predator drone assassinations 233–4
Panjshir valley 131–2
Panjshiri Tajiks, at Bonn talks 161
Panjwayi district, bandit cleansing 32–5
Pashtuns
and higher education 298–9 and hospitality 354
and television 78
childhood, Ghani Khan on 111–12
Churchill on 211
culture
and inter-racial marriage 125–6
and Islam 57–8, 61–2
and women 57, 61–2, 89, 92–8
identity 58–62
humility 217–18
misunderstood by US 206–11
Pashtunwali (behavioural code) 57–8, 60–2
badal (obligation to seek revenge) 32
melmastia (obligation to show hospitality) 212
namus (obligation to uphold honour of women) 77, 93
nanawatai (offering of sanctuary) 128–30
underrepresented at Bonn talks 161
peace plans, concurrent 214–15
peace prospects 2010, Zaeef on 225–7, 238–43
People's Assembly (Wolesi Jirga) 282–7
Peshawar 1996
visit 41–50
bin Laden at 125
Taliban presence 46–54
Peters, Gretchen, on opium trade 106,107
Petraeus, General David 15
and McChrystal plan 366, 368
Counterinsurgency Field Manual
202,293
on Afghanistan and al-Qaida 192
on troops withdrawal 384–5
Pipex, Taliban internet service 141
Pir Mohammed (bandit) 35 political appointments, Karzai and 330–1
Pollywood (Peshawar cinema industry) 332–3
poppy trade
Fahim and 260–1
Helmand 173, 176
Northern Alliance and 150
Shirzai and 328
Predator drone assassinations 233
presidential election 249–52
Abdullah Abdullah on 279–81
prisoners, US mistreatment 220–3
Prophet, The
as orphan 65
cloak, Mullah Omar and 42–4
grave destroyed by Abd-al-Wahhab140
public opinion, manipulation 79
Pul-i-Charkhi jail
Bahir in 292
KHAD prison 267–8
Punjab, visit 39–41
Qadir, Hajji Abdul 62
Qala-i-Jangi fort, prisoners 151–3
Qudus, Abdul 28
Quetta shura 169–70, 183, 215–16, 377
and suicide bomb campaign 182–3
deaths 234
Quraishi, Najibullah, on Kunduz
insurgents 245
Qureishi, Zenat (Karzai's wife) 257
Rabbani, Burhanuddin 288, 302
Rabbani, Mullah Mohammad 64
and ceasefire 81–2
de facto Prime Minister 81–2
Rabbani government
alliance with Hekmatyar 45–6
jihad against 42–6
Hotak and 316
Radio Sharia 84, 97
Radio Spinghar 330
radios, British, distribution 175
Rafeh, Ustad 259
on Pashtun history 208, 210
Rafiullah Muazzin 84
Rahimullah 369
Rahmani, Arsala 310–15
and Khadim ul Furqan 310
Rand Corporation, and Taliban 109
Rashid, Ahmed, on Taliban and women 94
Razaq, Abdul 64
Reagan, Ronald, and Haqqani 171
Red Cross 92, 169
on Iranian diplomats 116
at Bagram 222
Red Mosque siege 68
regional neighbours, not consulted 162–3
Regional Command South, ISAF 172–3
Reid, John, on Helmand 173 reintegration programme 206
Rex, Major Dan 273
Rice, Condoleezza 146–7
Richards, General David, on Afganistan 384
on Helmand 173–4
roads, toll extortion 24–5, 34–5
Rome Group 161
Rubin, Barnett 162
Rumsfeld, Donald 149
and madrasahs 69–71
on end of major combat 167
response to 9/11 145
reduces forces 172
rural aid failures 159
Rwanda massacre 24
Saddam Hussein, and Kuwait 24
Safi Landmark hotel bombing 195–7, 201, 269
Saleh (bandit leader) 25, 28, 33, 35
Saleh, Amrullah 273
Salim, Qari Barakatullah, girls' school 95–6, 97–8
Sami ul-Haq, Maulana 68
SAMs (Surface-to-air missiles) 367
Sangin 180
Sangisar, Mullah Omar at 30–5
Sarobi minefield, assault on 62
Sarposa jail, mass breakout 185–6
Saudi Arabia
Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, King 213–14, 224, 291
and bin Laden trial negotiations 131
Ikhwan militia 304, 305
recognizes Taliban government 113
peace talks
Rahmani on 314–15
Arghandiwal on 299
Sayed Abad 364
security improvement, aid workers 56
Semple, Michael, on HIA 309–10
Shah Baran 25
Shah, Mufti Mohin 330–2
Shahabuddin, Maulawi Delawar 323,324
Sharia law
and opium 105–6
establishment 15, 32–3, 49, 80, 82, 191