Switch on Your Brain: The Key to Peak Happiness, Thinking, and Health (29 page)

stress.org/stress-and-heart-disease/.

11. Brian Luke Seaward,
Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and
Wellbeing
(London: Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2006).

12. “Cancer Statistics and Views of Causes,”
Science News
115, no. 2 (January 13, 1979): 23.

13. Lipton,
The Biology of Belief
.

14. Nijhout, “Metaphors and the Role of Genes and Development.”

15. Willett, “Balancing Lifestyle and Genomics Research for Disease Prevention.”

16. “Stress and Heart Disease,” http://www.stress.org/stress-and-heart-disease/.

Chapter 2 Choice and Your Multiple-Perspective Advantage

1. Jeffery Rosen, “The Brain on the Stand,”
New York Times
, March 11, 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/magazine/11Neurolaw.t.html.

2. Francis Crick, quoted in John Tierney, “Do You Have Free Will? Yes, It’s the

Only Choice,”
New York Times
, March 21, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/03/22/

science/22tier.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.

3. Benjamin Libet, “Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action,”
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
8 (1985): 529–66; John Dylan-Haynes et al., “Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain,”

Nature Neuroscience
11 (2008): 543–45.

4. Hagop Sarkissian et al., “Is Belief in Free Will a Cultural Universal?”
Mind and
Language
25 (2010): 346–58.

5. Kathleen D. Vohs and Jonathan W. Schooler, “The Value of Believing in Free

Will: Encouraging a Belief in Determinism Increases Cheating,” www.csom.umn.edu/

assets/91974.pdf.

6. Articles in
Science
and
NewScientist
have recently discussed x-phi work on free will from authors including Eddy Nahmias and Dylan Murray, “Experimental Philosophy

on Free Will: An Error Theory for Incompatibilist Intuitions,” in
New Waves in Philosophy of Action
, ed. Jess Aguilar, Andrei Buckareff, and Keith Frankish (Basingstoke, 208

_Leaf_SwitchOnBrain_LS_mw.indd 208

5/16/13 1:34 PM

Notes

Hampshire, UK: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011); and Eddy Nahmias, Stephen G. Morris,

Thomas Nadelhoffer, and Jason Turner “Is Incompatibilism Intuitive?”
Philosophy
and Phenomenological Research
73, no. 1 (2006): 28–53.

7. H. S. Mayberg, “Defining the Neural Circuitry of Depression: Toward a New

Nosology with Therapeutic Implications,”
Biological Psychiatry
61, no. 6 (March 2007): 729–30.

8. Church,
Genie in Your Genes
; “Epigenetics: A Web Tour,”
Science
, www.sciencemag.

org/feature/plus/sfg/resources/res_epigenetics.dtl.; Ethan Watters, “DNA Is Not Destiny: The New Science of Epigenetics Rewrites the Rules of Disease, Heredity, and Identity,”

Discover
,
November 2006, http://discovermagazine.com/2006/nov/cover.

9. Elizabeth Pennisi, “Behind the Scenes of Gene Expression,”
Science
293, no. 553

(2001): 1064–67.

10. Ibid.

11. Ken Richardson,
The Making of Intelligence
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).

12. Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell, eds.
Essentials of
Neural Science and Behavior
(New York: Appleton and Lange, 1995); Eric R. Kandel,

“Molecular Biology of Memory: A Dialogue between Genes and Synapses,” http://www.

nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1447; Eric. R. Kandel, “A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry,”
American Journal of Psychiatry
155, no. 4 (1998): 457–69.

13. Ibid.

14. Dorothy Nelkin,
The DNA Mystique
(New York: Norton, 1995), 15.

15. Lipton,
Biology of Belief
. B. Lipton, K. G. Bensch, and M. A. Karasek, “Microvessel Endothelial Cell Transdifferentiation: Phenotypic Characterization,”
Differentiation
46 (1991): 117–33.

16. Gail Ironson et al., “An Increase in Religiousness/Spirituality Occurs after HIV

Diagnosis and Predicts Slower Disease Progression over Four Years in People with HIV,”

Journal of General Internal Medicine
21 (2006): 62–68.

17. As quoted in Church,
Genie in Your Genes
, 65.

Chapter 3 Your Choices Change Your Brain

1. Watters, “DNA Is Not Destiny.”

2. John Cloud, “Why Your DNA Isn’t Your Destiny,”
Time
, www.time.com/time/

magazine/article/0,9171,1952313-2,00.html.

3. Robert Weinhold, “Epigenetics: The Science of Change,”
Environmental Health
Perspectives
114, no. 3 (March 2006).

4. “Learning Without Learning,”
The Economist
, September 21, 2006, 89.

5. www.cajal.csic.es/ingles/index.html.

6. In part 2, I will explain how this can be done.

7. Jeffrey M. Schwartz and Sharon Begley,
The Mind and the Brain
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2002); Jeffrey M. Schwartz and Rebecca Gladding,
You Are Not
Your Brain
(New York: Avery, 2012).

8. Caroline M. Leaf, “The Mind Mapping Approach: A Model and Framework

for Geodesic Learning” (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 1997); Caroline M. Leaf, Brenda Louw, and Isabel Uys, “The Development of a Model for Geodesic Learning: The Geodesic Information Processing Model,”
The South African Journal of Communication Disorders
44 (1997): 53–70; Leaf, “The Move from Institution Based Rehabilitation (IBR) to Community Based

209

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5/16/13 1:34 PM

Notes

Rehabilitation (CBR): A Paradigm Shift,”
Therapy Africa
1, no. 1 (August 1997): 4; Leaf, “An Altered Perception of Learning: Geodesic Learning,”
Therapy Africa
1, no. 2 (October 1997): 7.

9. Doidge,
Brain That Changes Itself
.

10. Barbara Arrowsmith and Norman Doidge,
The Woman Who Changed Her

Brain: And Other Inspiring Stories of Pioneering Brain Transformation
(New York: Free Press, 2012).

11. Caroline M. Leaf,
The Switch On Your Brain 5-Step Learning Process
(Dallas: Switch On Your Brain, 2008).

12. Arrowsmith and Doidge,
Woman Who Changed Her Brain
; Church,
Genie in
Your Genes
; Doidge,
Brain That Changes Itself
; Dispenza,
Evolve Your Brain
; Leaf,

“Mind Mapping Approach”; Leaf,
Switch On Your Brain 5-Step Learning Process
; Caroline M. Leaf,
Who Switched Off My Brain? Controlling Toxic Thoughts and

Emotions
(Dallas: Switch on Your Brain, 2007) and DVD series (Johannesburg, South Africa: Switch on Your Brain, 2007); C. M. Leaf, M. Copeland, and J. Maccaro, “Your Body His Temple: God’s Plan for Achieving Emotional Wholeness,” DVD series (Dallas: Life Outreach International, 2007).

13. Joe Dispenza,
Breaking the Habit of Being Yourself
(New York: Hay House, 2012).

14. Richard Wiseman, “Self Help: Forget Positive Thinking, Try Positive Action,”

The Observer
, June 30, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jun/30/self-help-positive-thinking; Jim Taylor, “Is the Self-help Industry a Fraud?” April 18, 2011, http://

blog.ctnews.com/taylor/2011/04/18/is-the-self-help-industry-a-fraud/#.UVedEdRXVA4.

email; Michael Shermer, “SHAM Scam: The Self-Help and Actualization Movement

Has Become an $8.5-Billion-a-Year Business. Does It Work?” April 23, 2006, http://

www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=sham-scam.

15. “The Problem with Self-Help Books: Study Shows the Negative Side to Positive Self-Statements,”
e! Science News
, July 2, 2009, http://esciencenews.com/articles/2009/07/02/

the.problem.with.self.help.books.study.shows.negative.side.positive.self.statements.

16. Schwartz and Begley,
Mind and the Brain
; Schwartz and Gladding,
You Are
Not Your Brain
.

1. Ellen Langer and Mihnea Moldoveanu, “The Construct of Mindfulness,”
Journal
of Social Issues
56, no. 1 (2000): 1–9; Leaf,
Who Switched Off My Brain?
; Leaf,
The
Gift in You
.

2. Caroline M. Leaf, Isabel C. Uys, and Brenda Louw, “An Alternative Non-Traditional Approach to Learning: The Metacognitive-Mapping Approach.”
The South African

Journal of Communication Disorders
45 (1998): 87–102.

3. Sissa Medialab, “The Good Side of the Prion: A Molecule That Is Not Only

Dangerous, but Can Help the Brain Grow,”
Science Daily
, February 14, 2013, www.

sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130214075437.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_

medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Fmind_brain+%28Science

Daily%3A+Mind+%26+Brain+News%29.

4. Loyola University Health System, “New Evidence for Link between Depression

and Heart Disease,”
Science Daily
, February 18, 2013.

5. “Brain Signs of Schizophrenia Found in Babies,”
Science Daily
, June 9, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100621111240.htm; “Alterations in Brain 210

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5/16/13 1:34 PM

Notes

Activity in Children at Risk of Schizophrenia Predate Onset of Symptoms,”
Science
Daily
, March 22, 2013, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130322174343.

htm.

6. Leaf,
Who Switched Off My Brain?
; Maria Konnikova,
Mastermind: How to
Think Like Sherlock Holmes
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2013); Maria Konnikova,

“The Power of Concentration,”
New York Times Sunday Review
, December 15, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/opinion/sunday/the-power-of-concentration.html

?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ref=general&src=me&.

7. Schwartz and Begley,
Mind and the Brain
; Schwartz and Gladding,
You Are
Not Your Brain
; Dispenza,
Evolve Your Brain
; Dispenza,
Breaking the Habit of Being
Yourself
; Allan Jones, www.ted.com/speakers/allan_jones.html.

1. Richard J. Davidson et al., “Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation,”
Psychosomatic Medicine
65 (2003): 564–70.

2. Marcus E. Raichle et al., “A Default Mode of Brain Function: A Brief History

of an Evolving Idea”
Neuroimage
37 (2007): 1083–90.

3. Matthew R. Brier et al., “Loss of Intranetwork and Internetwork Resting State

Functional Connections with Alzheimer’s Disease Progression,”
Journal of Neuroscience
32, no. 26 (2012): 8890–99; Christian F. Beckmann et al., “Investigations into Resting-State Connectivity Using Independent Component Analysis,”
Philos Trans R

Soc Lond, B, Biol Sci
360 (2005):1001–13.

4. Marcus E. Raichle, “The Brain’s Dark Energy,”
Scientific American
, March 20, 2012, 44–49, www.hboorcca.com/pdf/brain/The%20Brain’s%20Dark%20Energy%20

Scientific%20American%20March%202010.pdf; Raichle et al., “A Default Mode of

Brain Function,” 1083–90.

5. Yvette I. Sheline et al., “The Default Mode Network and Self-Referential Processes in Depression,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
USA
106, no. 6

(January 26, 2009): 1942–47; Washington University School of Medicine research cited in “Alzheimer’s Breaks Brain Networks’ Coordination,”
Science Daily
, September 17, 2012, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120918090812.htm.

6. Raichle, “The Brain’s Dark Energy”; Raichle et al., “A Default Mode of Brain

Function.”

7. Konnikova, “The Power of Concentration.”

8. Brier et al., “Loss of Intranetwork and Internetwork Resting State Functional

Connections with Alzheimer’s Disease Progression.”

9. J. Paul Hamilton et al., “Default Mode and Task Positive Network Activity in

Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Adaptive and Maladaptive Rumination,”

Biological Psychiatry
70, no. 4 (2011): 327–33.

10. Caroline M. Leaf, “Mind Mapping: A Therapeutic Technique for Closed Head

Injury,” unpublished master’s dissertation (University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa), 1990.

11. “Activity in Brain Networks Related to Features of Depression,”
Science Daily
, April 3, 2012, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120403111954.htm#.T4HbzA

jE61c.mailto.

12. Xueling Zhu et al., “Evidence of a Dissociation Pattern in Resting-State Default Mode Network Connectivity in First-Episode, Treatment-Naive Major Depression

Patients,”
Biological Psychiatry
71, no. 7 (2012): 611.

211

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Notes

13. Norman A. S. Farb et al., “Mood-Linked Responses in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Predict Relapse in Patients with Recurrent Unipolar Depression,”
Biological Psychiatry
70, no. 4 (August 15, 2011): 366–72.

14. Leaf, “The Mind Mapping Approach”; Hamilton et al., “Default Mode and

Task Positive Network Activity in Major Depressive Disorder.”

15. Sophie Green et al., “Guilt-Selective Functional Disconnection of Anterior

Temporal and Subgenual Cortices in Major Depressive Disorder,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
69, no. 10 (2012): 1014–21, http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.

aspx?articleID=1171078.

16. Ibid.

17. Schwartz and Begley,
Mind and the Brain
; Schwartz and Gladding,
You Are
Not Your Brain
.

18. Michael M. Merzenich et al., “Prophylactic Reduction and Remediation of