Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century (77 page)

      
and Vietnam,
171
,
175
,
177

      
See also under
United States

Persian Gulf,
10
,
138
,
268

Personalism,
74
,
75
,
79

Personality cult,
18
,
19
,
132–133
,
265

Peter the Great,
132

Philippines,
309
,
345

Pinter, Harold,
181–182

Platform
(film),
326

Poland,
13
,
15–18
,
31
,
68
,
71–72
,
75–76
,
80–81
,
119
,
137
,
197–209
,
223

      
constitution of,
205

      
economy of,
279
,
282
,
323

      
KOR organization in,
17
,
18
,
77
,
199
,
200
,
205
,
277
,
280

      
Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk,
275
,
277
,
280
,
281

      
martial law in,
283
,
284
,
285
,
286

      
/files/03/38/29/f033829/public/private realms in,
200
,
201

      
SB secret police in,
17
,
69
,
74
,
77
,
198
,
199
,
275

      
Solidarity in,
273
,
280–281
,
282
,
284
,
285
,
287
,
344
,
353

Politics and religion,
343

Popiełuszko, Jerzy,
286

Popper, Karl,
162

Populism,
294

Pound sterling currency,
184
,
186
,
193

Poverty,
7
,
49
,
54
,
59
,
128
,
174
,
175
,
176
,
238
,
254
,
321
,
328
,
341

      
largest poverty-reduction program,
336

Powell, Enoch,
61
,
63
,
164

“Practice Is the Sole Criterion for Truth,”
121

Press,
143
,
154
,
158
,
194
,
199
,
291
,
326

Prices,
15
,
17
,
51
,
55
,
57
,
58
,
137
,
138
,
162
,
166
,
184
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
273
,
277
,
279
,
323

      
price controls,
55
,
186
,
188
,
332

Prior, James,
191–192
,
193
,
194
,
317

Privatization,
43
,
62
,
159
,
188
,
194–195
,
316
,
318
,
321
,
322

      
in Europe (1985 to 2000),
326

Productivity,
2
,
3
,
5
,
14
,
61
,
322
,
324
,
328

Propaganda,
14
,
16
,
29
,
39
,
162
,
164
,
214
,
237
,
248
,
296
,
355
,
356

Prostitution,
45
,
48
,
102
,
225
,
247
,
335

Protests/demonstrations,
17
,
46
,
48
,
83
,
96
,
101
,
110
,
137
,
138
,
139
,
141–142
,
143
,
149
,
151
,
262
,
283
,
332
,
346

Public opinion,
16
,
23
,
54
,
89
,
176
,
194
,
195
,
273
,
315
,
317

Puzanov, Alexander,
264
,
266

Pyjas, Stanisław,
17–18
,
280

Qaddafi, Muammar al-,
296
,
346

Qadir, Abdul,
262

Qahtani, Abdullah Hamid Mohammed al-,
224

Quran,
102
,
109
,
112
,
146
,
148
,
216
,
218
,
220
,
221
,
237
,
241
,
246
,
291
,
292
,
294
,
297
,
307

Qutb, Sayyid,
220–221
,
223
,
306
,
307

Rabbani, Burhanuddin,
104
,
105
,
213
,
221
,
227
,
271

Racial issues,
1–2
,
61

Railways,
183
,
280

Rajai, Mohammed-Ali,
290

Reagan, Ronald,
295
,
316
,
325

Reece, Gordon,
158

Referendums,
155
.
See under
Iran

Regulations,
55
,
133
,
156
,
166
,
194
,
316
,
318
,
330
,
339–340

Rentier states,
36

Return to Oneself
(Shariati),
112

Revealing of Secrets, The
(Khomeini),
145–146

Revolution/rebellion,
102
,
103
,
105
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
122
,
139
,
142
,
219
,
237
,
260
,
296
,
322
,
341
,
344

      
counterrevolution,
74
,
123
,
162
,
192
,
273
,
322
,
324
,
326
,
348
,
358

      
measuring impact of revolutions,
289

      
revolutionary committees (
komitehs
),
149–150
,
151
,
153

      
revolutions and dual government,
150

      
See also
Afghanistan: uprisings in
;
Islam: and revolution

Reza Shah,
8
,
47–48
,
87

Rhodesia,
188–189

Rights,
12
,
39
,
53
,
72
,
74
,
79
,
99
,
140
,
179
,
203
,
296
.
See also
Human rights

Riots,
213
,
214
,
234
,,
240
,
241
,
315
,
316
,
319

Road to Serfdom, The
(Hayek),
60
,
161
,
163

Rockefeller, Nelson,
231

Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin,
211

Romania,
287

Rong Yiren,
245

Rong Zhiren,
243
,
244
,
245
,
260

Rule of law,
149

Rushdie, Salman,
299

Russia,
132
,
153
,
237
.
See also
Soviet Union

Saatchi, Maurice and Charles,
159

Sachs, Jeffrey,
323

Sadat, Anwar,
10
,
267
,
296
,
308

Sadr, Musa al-,
296
,
297

Safi, Samiullah,
102–103

SALT II treaty,
268

Sanjabi, Karim,
142

Sapieha, Adam Stefan Cardinal,
71
,
75

Saudi Arabia,
12
,
40
,
215
,
222–224
,
234
,
271
,
296–297
,
307
,
346

Sayyaf, Abdul Rab Rasul,
104
,
105

Sazegara, Mohsen,
107
,
108
,
109
,
110–111

Scarcities,
14
,
52
,
277
,
279

Scheler, Max,
73
,
74

Schell, Orville,
246–247

Schmidt, Helmut,
15
,
189

Science,
20
,
60
,
119
,
122
,
134
,
218
,
227
,
339
,
340
,
342

Scotland,
155

Secret police,
46
,
72
,
90
,
104
,
214
,
217
,
261
,
283
,
286
.
See also
Iran: SAVAK in
;
KGB
;
Poland: SB secret police in

Secularism,
12
,
42
,
47
,
78
,
84
,
87
,
89
,
101
,
138
,
149
,
150
,
153
,
218
,
225
,
227
,
271
,
298
,
344
,
349
,
357–358
,
359

Seldon, Arthur,
164

Self-governance,
206

Sex,
71
,
139
,
230
,
287
,
288

Shabestari, Mohammed Mojtahed,
349

Shahabadi, Mohammed Ali (Ayatollah),
218

Shanghai,
27
,
29

Sharia,
40
,
88
,
90
,
114
,
145
,
220
,
222
,
239
,
303
,
346

Shariati, Ali,
9
,
111–115
,
137
,
151
,
237
,
342
,
344

Shariatmadari, Mohammed Kazem (Ayatollah),
48
,
88
,
89
,
92
,
138
,
139
,
150–151
,
154
,
239–241
,
289–290

Shebarshin, Leonid,
266–267

Sherman, Alfred,
165
,
315

Shiites,
8
,
9
,
37
,
43
,
45
,
58
,
86–87
,
88
,
89
,
91
,
92
,
93
,
108
,
111
,
112
,
113
,
114
,
139
,
141
,
147
,
214
,
222
,
223
,
226
,
237
,
239
,
292
,
294
,
298
,
300
,
301
,
348

      
erfan
mystical tradition of,
84
,
86
,
218

      
in Lebanon,
295–296
,
297

      
in Saudi Arabia,
296–297

      
Shiite governance,
146
,
150

Shirazi, Mirza Hasan,
47

Silesia,
204
,
278