Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century (67 page)
Read Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century Online
Authors: Christian Caryl
Tags: #History, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #20th Century, #Political Science, #International Relations, #General, #World, #Political Ideologies
11
. Ibid., 219.
12
. Ibid., 221.
13
. Ibid., 215.
14
.
Deng Xiaoping Shakes the World: An Eyewitness Account of China’s Party Work Conference and the Third Plenum (November-December 1978)
, Yu Guangyuan, 21.
15
.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Vogel, 233.
16
. Ibid.
17
.
How the Farmers Changed China: Power of the People
, Kate Xiao Zhou, 53–54.
18
.
Deng Xiaoping Shakes the World
, Yu, 52.
19
. Ibid., 44, 46.
20
.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Vogel, 234.
21
. Ibid., 234–235.
22
. Hu Yaobang, who made those daring remarks about agriculture at the conference, also worked with Yu on the final version of Deng’s speech.
23
.
Deng Xiaoping Shakes the World
, Yu, 13.
24
. Ibid., 136.
25
. Ibid., 187.
26
. Ibid., 132.
27
. Ibid., 130, 133.
28
.
The Soviet Regional Dilemma: Planning, People, and Natural Resources
, Jan Åke Del-lenbrant, 99.
29
.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Vogel, 246.
30
. “Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee,” Beijing
Review.com.cn
, October 10, 2008,
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/special/third_plenum_17thcpc/txt/2008–10/10/content_156226_5.htm
.
1
.
Iran Between Two Revolutions
, Ervand Abrahamian, 501.
2
. Ibid.
3
. Ibid., 506–507.
4
. Ibid., 501.
5
. Ibid., 510.
6
.
The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution
, Shaul Bakhash, 47.
7
. Ibid., 48.
8
.
Daughter of Persia
, Sattareh Farman Farmaian, 311.
9
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 51.
10
.
Daughter of Persia
, Farmaian, 321.
11
. “Iran: The Shah Takes His Leave,”
Time
, January 29, 1979,
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912319-1,00.html
.
12
. The man who made the announcement was dead by the end of the year, a victim of the factional fighting that consumed the revolution.
13
.
The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran
, Said Amir Arjomand, 104.
14
. 14. Vanessa Martin,
Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran
, 103–115.
15
. Ibid., 98–99.
16
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 38–39.
17
. “Islamic Government,” section 3 in
Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980)
, translated and annotated by Hamid Algar, 114–115.
18
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 73.
19
.
Turban for the Crown
, Arjomand, 149.
20
. Ibid., 134–135.
21
. He spent the next twelve years organizing resistance to the Islamic Republic from French exile. In 1991 he was stabbed to death in his home by three assassins. One of them, released from prison in 2010, was received as a hero by Iranian officials upon his return to the country.
22
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 53–55.
23
.
Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution
, Nikki R. Keddie, 245.
24
.
The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America
, Kenneth Pollack, 150.
25
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 55.
26
. The vote was boycotted by the leftist parties, the National Front, Bazargan’s party, the Kurds, and Shariatmadari’s followers. Twenty million Iranians participated. See
Persian Puzzle
, Pollack, 152.
27
.
Turban for the Crown
, Arjomand, 136.
28
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 74.
29
. Ibid., 79.
30
.
Turban for the Crown
, Arjomand, 136.
31
.
Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran
, Vanessa Martin, 167.
32
.
Modern Iran
, Keddie, 247.
33
. This body is sometimes known as the “First Assembly of Experts” to distinguish it from the second, unrelated, government body created in 1984.
34
.
Reign of the Ayatollahs
, Bakhash, 80–82.
1
. Author’s interview with Norman Tebbit, London, May 16, 2012.
2
. “Speech to Conservative Rally in Cardiff,” April 16, 1979,
http://www.marga-retthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=104011
.
3
. “Speech to Conservative Rally in Bolton,” May 1, 1979,
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104065
.
4
. “Speech to Conservative Rally in Finchley,” May 2, 1979,
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104072
.
5
.
The Collected Works of Friedrich August Hayek: The Fortunes of Liberalism
, Friedrich A. von Hayek, 238.
6
. “Statement of Aims,”
https://www.montpelerin.org/montpelerin/mpsGoals.html
.
7
.
Collected Works of Hayek
, von Hayek, 14.
8
.
Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution
, 1931–1983, Richard Cockett, 122.
9
. Ibid., 124.
10
. Ibid., 131.
11
. Ibid., 135.
12
. Ibid., 141, 148–155.
13
. Ibid., 157.
14
.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_keithjoseph.html
.
15
.
Thinking the Unthinkable
, Cockett, 237.
16
. “The Battlefield of Ideas,” Vernon Bogdanor,
New Statesman
, October 29, 2009,
http://www.newstatesman.com/education/2009/11/universities-social-ideas
.
17
. “Monetarism Is Not Enough,” Keith Joseph, April 5, 1976,
http://www.marga-retthatcher.org/document/110796
.
1
.
Deing Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
, Ezra Vogel, 282.
2
. Ibid., 342.
3
. “The New China,” Angus Deming,
Newsweek
, February 5, 1979.
4
. “Fun and Fantasy for Teng at LBJ Space Center: Teng Underlines Positive, Finesses U.S. Problems; Accentuating the Positive, for Now,” Jay Mathews,
Washington Post
, February 3, 1979.
5
. “The New China,” Deming.
6
.
Restless Empire: China and the World Since
1750, Odd Arne Westad, 373.
7
.
Deng Xiaoping: Portrait of a Chinese Statesman
, David Shambaugh, 61–62.
8
.
Coming Alive! China After Mao
, Roger Garside, 255.
9
.
China’s War with Vietnam, 1979: Issues, Decisions, and Implications
, King C. Chen, 151.
10
.
The Deng Xiaoping Era: An Inquiry into the Fate of Chinese Socialism, 1978–1994
, Maurice Meisner, 109.
11
. “The Fifth Modernization,” Wei Jingsheng, 171–172, in
The China Reader: The Reform Era
, edited by Orville Schell and David Shambaugh.
12
.
Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China: Political Reform in the Deng Xiaoping Era
, Merle Goldman, 55.
13
.
Deng Xiaoping Era
, Meisner, 109.
14
. Ibid., 121.
15
.
Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (1975–1982)
, Deng Xiaoping, 1984.
16
.
Deng Xiaoping Era
, Meisner, 11–12.
1
. “Sir Larry Lamb: Obituary,”
Telegraph
, May 20, 2000,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1366801/Sir-Larry-Lamb.html
.
2
.
Seasons in the Sun: The Battle for Britain, 1974–1979
, Dominic Sandbrook, 796–797.
3
. Ibid., 797–799, 805.
4
. Ibid., 797–799.
5
. Author’s interview with Simon Heffer, January 9, 2012.
6
.
Margaret Thatcher
, vol. 2,
The Iron Lady
, John Campbell, 2.
7
.
The Anatomy of Thatcherism
, Shirley Robin Letwin, 89–91.
8
.
Mrs. Thatcher’s First Year
, Hugh Stephenson, 12.
9
. “Thatcher: Key Tests After a Bold Start; Thatcher’s Boldness Surprises Britain in First 100 Days; News Analysis,” Leonard Downie Jr.,
Washington Post
Foreign Service, August 12, 1979.
10
.
The Anatomy of Thatcherism
, Letwin, 39–41.
11
. Ibid., 126–127.
12
.
One of Us: Life of Margaret Thatcher
, Hugo Young, 149.
13
.
Margaret Thatcher
, Campbell, 2:22.
14
.
Thatcher and Sons: A Revolution in Three Acts
, Simon Jenkins, 54.
15
.
One of Us
, Young, 149.
16
. “John Sergeant: The Day Margaret Thatcher and I Made History,” John Sergeant,
Daily Telegraph
, May 1, 2009,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/5258306/John-Sergeant-The-day-Margar et-Thatcher-and-I-made-history.html
.
17
.
One of Us
, Young, 137–138.
18
. As cited in
Thatcher and Sons
, Jenkins, 47.
19
. Ibid., 52.
20
. Ibid., 56.
21
.
A Balance of Power
, James Prior, 138.
22
. Ibid., in.
23
.
One of Us
, Young, 150.
24
.
Balance of Power
, Prior, 119.
25
. Ibid., 122.
26
.
Thatcher and Sons
, Jenkins, 59.
27
. The Thatcherites, for their part, complained bitterly about presumed obstruction to their policies by the left-wing BBC.
28
. “Ideological Change in the British Conservative Party,” Ivor Crewe and Donald D. Searing, 376, as seen in “Thatcher and the British Election of 1979: Taxes, Nationalization, and Unions Run Amok,” Matthew Greeson,
Colgate Academic Review
4, no. 3 (2012),
http://commons.colgate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060andcontext=car
.
29
. “Popular Versus Elite Views of Privatization: The Case of Britain,” Ian McAllister and Donley T. Studlar, 157.
30
.
Thatcher and Sons
, Jenkins, 151.
1
. There is some evidence, indeed, that the pope picked Mexico as the destination of his first overseas pilgrimage precisely as a sort of challenge to the Polish government. If the pontiff could enjoy a warm welcome in a country with a long and virulent history of official anticlericalism, how would Poland look by comparison if it refused him?
2
. Interview with Adam Boniecki, Warsaw, October 5, 2011.
3
.
The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II—the Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy
, George Weigel, no.
4
.
Der Papst, die Polen und die Freiheit
,
http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=7047176
.
5
. “Poland: Preliminary Thunder,”
Economist
, May 5, 1979.
6
.
The Polish Revolution: Solidarity
, Timothy Garton Ash, 280.
7
.
Witness to Hope
, George Weigel, 305.
8
. Ibid., 1.
9
. “Homily of His Holiness John Paul II, Victory Square, Warsaw,” June 2, 1979,
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1979/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19790602_polonia-varsavia_en.html
.
