Stones of Aran (68 page)

1
J.M. Synge,
The Aran
Islands
(London and Dublin, 1907;
republished
1992, Penguin Books, London, with introduction and notes by Tim Robinson).

2
Taimín Ó Briain,
Amhrán
an
“Chéipir”
taken down for me by Caomhán Ó Goill from Taimín’s brother, Antoine, in 1988.-

1
E. Lhuyd, “Some further observations relating to the antiquities and natural history of Ireland,” in
Philosophical
Transactions
of
the
Royal
Society
of
London,
27 (1712).

2
Synge,
op.
cit.

1
H.C. Hart,
A
List
of
Plants
Found
in
The
Islands
of Aran,
Galway
Bay
(Dublin, 1875).

2
N. Colgan, “Notes on the Flora of the Aran Islands,” in
The
Irish
Naturalist,
Vol. II (1893).

1
(liverwort) Information from the late Tony Whilde, Corrib Conservation Centre.

2
Séamas Ó Murchú, “An tAinm Áite
Inis
Oírr
,”
in
Éigse
(1993).

3
Dara Ó Conaola,
Thatched
Homes
of the Aran
Islands
/
An
Teaichín
Ceanntuí
(Ceard Shiopa Inis Oírr Teo., 1988). (A dual-language text, but I have translated this and the succeeding extracts from the Irish version, which is the fuller one.)

4
Information from a copy of the 1821 census made for and annotated by Colm Fólan of Cill Rónáin, in the 1940s, in private possession.

1
Hardiman’s appendices to Roderic O’Flaherty,
A
Chorographical
Description
of
West
or
H-Iar
Connaught,
written 1684 (ed. James Hardiman, Dublin, 1846; facsimile reprint Galway, 1978).

2
(Earl of Thomond) Máire Mac Néill,
Máire
Rua,
Lady
of Leamaneh
(Whitegate, 1990).

3
Hardiman’s appendices to R. O’Flaherty,
op.
cit.

4
(ruination of Clare) From “A petition of the inhabitants to
Government
, praying to be relieved from the monthly contribution”; quoted in Hardiman’s appendices to R. O’Flaherty,
op.
cit.

5
I am grateful to Conleth Manning, Office of Public Works, for sorting out this little problem of Old Style dates, and so correcting an error in my monograph
Mementos
of
Mortality:
The
Cenotaphs
and
Funerary
Cairns
of
Árainn
(Inishmore,
County
Galway)
(
Roundstone
, 1991).

6
(Rickard Fitzpatrick, sheriff) James Hardiman,
The
History
of
the
Town
and
County
of
the
Town
of
Galway
(Dublin, 1820, facsimile reprint Galway, 1984).

7
Louis M. Cullen, “Five Letters Relating to Galway Smuggling in 1737,” in
Journal
of
the
Galway
Archaeological
and
Historical
Society
(
JGAHS
),
XXVII (1956–57).

8
Tomás Ó Cillín SP (Fr. Thomas Killeen PP),
Short
Annals
of Aran
(1948) (typescript in the Archiepiscopal Library, Tuam, of which there are two or three copies in private ownership).

1
Seán Mac Giollarnáth,
Annála
Beaga
ó
Iorrus
Aithneach
(Dublin, 1941).

2
Thomas Moore, “Horace, Ode XXII Lib. I. Freely translated by Lord Eld-n,”
Poetical
Works
of
Thomas
Moore
(Paris, 1827).

3
Abhráin
agus
D
á
nta
an
Reachtabhraigh,
ed. Dubhglas de h-Íde (Dublin, 1933).

4
(the Saucepans) Anecdotes from Dara Mullen, Cill Rónáin, Mícheál King, Fearann an Choirce, and others; historical details from Antoine Powell,
Oileáin
Árann,
Stair
na
n-oileán
anuas
go
dtí
1922
(Dublin, 1984).

5
(Richard Martin’s smuggling) Shevawn Lynam,
Humanity
Dick,
King of Connemara,
1754–1834
(London, 1975; Dublin, 1989).

6
William Stokes,
The
Life
and
Labours
in
Art
and
Archaeology
of
George
Petrie,
L.L.D.,
M.R.I.A.
(1868).

7
Richard Griffiths,
Primary
Valuation
Book
(Dublin, 1865).

8
Liam O’Flaherty,
Skerret
(London, 1932; Dublin, 1979).

9
Ó Cillín,
op.
cit.

10
See article on one of the founders of the Coláiste Gaeilge, Mícheál Ó Droighneáin, in
Beathaisnéis
a
Ceathair,
Diarmuid Breathnach and Máire Ní Mhurchú (Dublin, 1994).

11
E. Œ. Somerville and Martin Ross,
Some
Irish
Yesterdays
(London, 1906).

1
John Waddell, “The Archaeology of Aran,”
The
Book
of Aran
,
ed. John Waddell, J.W. O’Connor, and Anne Korff (Kinvara, 1994).

2
Peter Harbison,
Pilgrimage
in
Ireland:
the
Monuments
and
the
People
(London, 1991).

3
R. Berger, “14C Dating Mortar in Ireland,” in
Radiocarbon,
34 (1992).

4
R. O’Flaherty,
West
or
H-Iar
Connaught.
For Murchadh na Mart, see “The Ferocious O’Flahertys” in this volume.

5
Conleth Manning, “Archaeological excavations at two church sites on Inishmore, Aran Islands,” in
Journal
of
the
Royal
Society
of
Anti
quaries
in
Ireland
(
JRSAI
),
Vol. 115 (1985).

6
(finding of stones) Ó Cillín,
op.
cit.

7
Liam de Paor, “The Limestone Crosses of Clare and Aran,” in
JGAHS,
Vol. XXVI, Nos. 3 and 4 (1955–56).

8
Françoise Henry,
Irish
Art
in
the
Romanesque
Period
(1020–1170
AD)
(London, 1970).

9
(Franciscans) J.R.W. Goulden, “Kilnamanagh: The Lost Church of Aran,” in
JGAHS,
Vol. XXVI (1955); gives references to Wadding’s
Annales
Minorum.

10
(Franciscan abbots) A. Powell,
op.
cit.

11
J. O’Donovan,
Ordnance
Survey
Letters:
Galway
(typescript copies in various public libraries).

12
C. Manning (1985).

13
R. Berger,
op.
cit.

14
P. Harbison,
op.
cit.

15
Annála
Ríoghachta
Éireann,
Annals
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
by
the
Four
Masters,
ed. John O’Donovan (Dublin, 1848, 1851, 1856). The spelling of these names varies wildly from source to source; I have given them as in the Annals; a dot over a consonant is equivalent to an “h” after it.

16
(Cormac mac Cuilennáin) ms. (RIA 23N II 178) quoted in Ó
Cillín
,
op.
cit.

1
The excerpts from the
Life
of
St.
Enda
are from a translation kindly made for me by Ann Mohr of University College, Galway, of
Plummer’s
edition of the manuscripts Colgan’s version derives from (Charles Plummer,
Vitae
Sanctorum
Hiberniae,
Vol. II [Oxford, 1910]).

2
Richard Sharpe,
Medieval
Irish
Saints’
Lives
(Oxford, 1991).

3
James F. Kenney,
The
Sources
for
the
Early
History
of
Ireland
(
Dublin
, 1979).

4
Sharpe,
op.
cit.

5
Hubert Butler,
Ten
Thousand
Saints:
A
Study
in
Irish
and
European
Origins
(Kilkenny, 1972).

6
Heinrich Zimmer, “Keltische Beitrage II,”
Zeitschrift
fur
Deutsches
Alterthum
und
Deutsche
Litteratur
(Berlin, 1889). (I am grateful to Dr. Arndt Wigger for obtaining, and translating part of, this
elusive
source for me.)

7
The
Voyage
of
Saint
Brendan,
translated from the Latin by John O’Meara (Dublin, 1978).

8
Butler,
op.
cit.

9
“Influenza in Aran,” in Hubert Butler,
Grandmother
and
Wolf
Tone
(Dublin, 1990).

10
Butler,
Ten
Thousand
Saints.

1
First
Report
of
the
Commissioners
of
Inquiry
into
the
State
of
the
Irish
Fisheries
(Dublin, 1836).

2
Ruairí Ó hEithir, “Folk Medical Beliefs and Practices in the Aran Islands, Co. Galway,” unpublished M.A. thesis, University College Dublin, 1983; my translations.

3
Nathanial Colgan, “Witchcraft in the Aran Islands,” in
JRSAI,
25 (1925).

4
B.N. Hedderman,
Glimpses
of
My
Life
in
Aran
(Bristol, 1917).

5
Pat Mullen,
Hero
Breed
(London, 1936).

1
For detailed transcriptions of these monuments, see Tim
Robinson
,
Mementos
of
Mortality
(Roundstone, 1991).

2
(shrines) Information from Jim Higgins, Galway.

3
Oliver J. Burke,
The
South
Isles
of
Aran
(County
Galway)
(London, 1887).

4
J.M. Synge’s 1898 notebook (ms 4385, Manuscripts Room, Trinity College Dublin).

1
R. Ll. Praeger, “The Flora of the Turloughs: a preliminary note,” in
Proc.
R.
Ir.
Acad.,
41B (1932).

2
Peadar
Chois
Fhairrge:
Scéalta
Nua
agus
Seanscéalta
d’innis
Peadar
Mac
Thuathaláinn
do
Sheán
Mac
Giollarnáth
(Dublin, 1934).

1
“Uisce Glan an Charna,” Antoine Ó Briain, 1961, in
Nuacht
Litir
(a cyclostyled local newsletter, Cill Rónáin, 19 May 1979).

2
(identification of church) Fr. Mártan Ó Domhnaill,
Oileáin
Árann
(Dublin, 1930); also Ó Cillín,
op.
cit.

3
(cross) O’Donovan,
Ordnance
Survey
Letters.

4
(local information on An Carna) Máirtín Ó Conghaile, Cill Rónáin.

5
(building of road) Seaton F. Milligan,
Excursion
of
the
Royal
Society
of
Antiquaries
of
Ireland,
reprinted from
Belfast
News
Letter
(July 9, 10, 11, 12, 1895).

1
Sir Henry Robinson,
Memories:
Wise
and
Otherwise
(London, 1924).

2
Sir Henry Robinson,
Further
Memories
of
Irish
Life
(London, 1924).

3
W.L. Micks,
History
of
the
Congested
Districts
Board
(Dublin, 1925).

4
Patrick Kane, “Aran of the Fishermen,” in
The
New
Ireland
Review
(April 1898).

5
(Land League) Powell,
op.
cit.

6
H. Robinson,
Further
Memories
of
Irish
Life.

7
Powell,
op.
cit.
The lines from the song were also given me by
Antoine
Powell.

8
J.M. Synge, “In Connemara,” originally published in the
Manches
ter
Guardian
(1905); also in
Collected
Works II
,
ed. Alan Price (
Gerrard’s
Cross, 1982).