Songs of Innocence (39 page)

disabled children

changing attitudes to
178–81

special schools advocated
100

Disappearance of Childhood, The
(Postman)
207–8

discipline, Locke on
2

disease

danger of
32–3

evacuees
125

World War II deaths
139

disposable income
182
,
245

disturbed children
169–70

divorce
167–9
,
211
,
223
,
225
,
251

doing nothing
163

Downey, Lesley Ann
191

Dowse, Natalie
201–4

Dr.Barnardo’s homes
46–7

dress

Edwardian
47–8

Scuttlers
21

and youth culture
160–1

drinking
24
,
98
,
233
,
242

drugs and drug abuse
182–3
,
184
,
233

Dulwich College Preparatory School
236

dummies
60

Dundee
57
,
60

Dyer, Amelia
37–8

Eagle
(comic)
157

Economist
, the
206

Edinburgh Evening News
237

education

driving up standards
233

elementary
29–30

European refugee presence
130–1

evacuees and
124

free secondary
153

girls
28–9
,
203
,
205

grammar school applications
154–5

inter-war years
109–17
,
118

investment in
244

late-Victorian
25–30

liberal
174–5

mixed sex classes
22–3

national curriculum
233

and the Plowden Report
174–5

pre-school
233–4

private
27–8

private lessons
173–4

progressive
109–17
,
118

reform
140–1
,
172–6

religious
26

state role
6

during World War I
81

and youth violence
22–4

Education Act 1944
140–1
,
153

educational under-achievement
234
,
236
,
252–3

Edward VII, King
41
,
47
,
68

Elementary Education Act 1870
25–6
,
28
,
39

eleven plus exam
100
,
153
,
154
,
155
,
173–4

Elizabeth II, Queen, marriage
147–8

Ella from the West Country
229

Elton, Lord
27

emboldenment, children’s
181–2

emigration
60

Émile, Ou de l’éducationi
(Rousseau)
2

emotional capital
248

emotional investment
17

Empire Settlement Act 1923
106

Englishness
53

Enlightenment, the
2
,
92–3

errands
77

Estonia, refugees from
155–6

eugenics
97–9

evacuees
106
,
121–9

sent overseas
135–7

Evans, Edward
190–1

Everson, Olive
50
,
57
,
62
,
66–7
,
69
,
74

evil
3
,
193
,
220
,
241
,
246

evolution
51

Factory Acts
13

Fairbridge, Kingsley
106
,
108

false expectations
254

family

breakdown
223

Edwardian
47

importance as social unit
15–16

late-Victorian times
15–19

loss of power
6

post-war
148–51

power relations
242–3

sanctity of
225

Family Allowances
127
,
140
,
151

Family and Youth Concern
212

family size

decline in
5
,
58–9
,
94–5
,
147
,
245

need for large
139

Farley, Albert
82–3

fathers

deserting
167–9

post-war
149

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett
28

feelings, expression of
230–3

Feldman, Marty
187

femininity, Edwardian
47

films, featuring Satanic children
220

Firestone, Shulamith
187–8
,
202

Firth Park Grammar School
153–4

Fisher Boys
160

flogging
20

Foley, Alice
1–2
,
16–17
,
24
,
29–30
,
33–4

food additives
227

Ford, Gina
243

Foreman, Michael
132–3
,
141
,
154
,
155
,
155–6
,
157
,
158–9
,
160–1

Forster, William
25
,
28
,
39

Foucault, Michel
188–9

Fox, Penny
224

freedom
42
,
213–14
,
246

fresh air, benefits of
95

Freud, Sigmund
48
,
92
,
94
,
98–9
,
244
,
246

Frith, Simon
207

frustration
251

future, uncertainty about
3
,
238
,
239
,
242
,
254

general election, 1945
139–40

generation gap, narrowing of
201–2

genetic testing
225

Germany
58

Gibran, Kahlil
190

Gibson, Yasmin
224

Gillick, Victoria
212–13
,
214

girl gangs
22

Girl Guides
78
,
80

girls

career options
203
,
205

changing role
202–4

education
28–9
,
203
,
205

juvenile delinquency
164

reading material
204–5

and sex
210–12

Girls’ Public Day School Trust
205

Girls’ Realm
46

golden age
7
,
251

Golding, William
3
,
164–5
,
221–2
,
224–5
,
241

good life, exclusion from
251

Goodyear, Warner
55

Gordon, Lizzie
22

Gough, Reginald and Esther
144–5

governesses
48–9

Grahame, Kenneth
45

grammar schools
100
,
153–5
,
172–3
,
175

Green, J. Barcham
79

Green, John
22

Grim Fairy Tales
(comic)
158

Growing Up
(film)
185

Guardian
94
,
95
,
126
,
169
,
176
,
181
,
183
,
185
,
212
,
215
,
218

gymnastics craze, 1970s
203–4

Handbook for Girl Guides
80

Handyside, Richard
184

Hardie, Keir
80–1

Harker, Lizzie Allen
52

Harmsworth, Alfred
63

Harry Potter
books
233

Hartlepool,, German bombardment of
85

Health, Department of
219

health and safety
231

health services
4

Hemingway, Diane
177

Henry, Tyra
198

heredity
98–9
,
105

Hey, Spurley
64

Hicks, Athelstan Braxton
35–6

Higgins, W. Francis
23

Higgs, Marietta
216–18

Hindley, Myra
190–1

Hitler, Adolf
118

Hodgson, Helen
60

Hogan, Louise
51

holiday schemes, 1909
43

Holt, John
189

Holt, Luther Emmett
60–1

homicide rate, infants
34–5

Hooligans
19
,
22

hope
3

loss of
248–53

horror comics
157–8

household budget, children’s contribution
39

housing
4
,
127
,
152–3
,
182
,
244

Howe, Brian
193
,
220

Hoyles, Martin
187–9

Hudson, Mary
210

Huffington Post
248–9

Huggate
26
,
33

Hughes, David
171–2
,
175
,
179–81

Hughes, Graham
179–81

Hughes, Thomas
27

Hulme, Manchester
77
,
87

human development, theories of
93

human nature
51

human rights
186

hyperactivity
189

Ibsen, Henrik
55–6

ideal child, the
244–5

idealized state, childhood as
42

identity, emergence of child’s
6

illegitimate children
36–7
,
76
,
170

Illustrated Chips
63

Imperial Cancer Research Fund
235

imperial expansion
27

incest
15
,
215–16

Incorporated Association of Preparatory Schools
236

independence
18

Independent
, the
223

individual choice, limiting of
235

individuals, children as
2
,
9
,
49
,
93–4
,
100
,
178
,
246

inequality
171–3

Infant Health Societies
60

Infant Life Protection Act 1897
38

infant mortality
59
,
251

decline in
4
,
34
,
46
,
60
,
244

Edwardian
46

late-Victorian
25
,
33
,
34

Manchester
36

infant purity
42

infanticide
34–6
,
38

injustice
207

innocence
42–3
,
58
,
190

loss of
227–9

Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration report 1904
59

Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services
138

International Times
(magazine)
186

International Year of the Child
189

internet, the
236

IQ testing
100
,
103

IVF
225

Jackson, T. A.
116

Jaques-Dalcroze, Emile
110

Jeffries, Mrs
14–15

Jewish Refugee Children Movement
133

Jews, Nazi persecution
133

Jex-Blake, Sonia
61

Johnson, S. C.
59–60

Jones, Jeremiah
101–5

junk food
227
,
242

Jutland, Battle of
83

juvenile delinquency

American
177

Burt on
100–5

causes
162–3

and the cinema
63–4

decline in convictions
164

girls
164

post-war
161–4

Kasumba, Stanley
230–1
,
233
,
252

Kempe, C. Henry
198

Keppel, Alice
47–8
,
50–1
,
65
,
67–9
,
121

Keppel, Sonia
41–2
,
47–8
,
50–1
,
64–5
,
67–9
,
70–2
,
86–7

Keppel, Violet
70–1
,
87

Kepple, William
196–7

Kerr, Mark
117

Key, Ellen
49
,
52

Kilbride, John
191

Kindertransport
105
,
133–4

Kingsley, Charles
25
,
241

kisses, lack of
11

Kohn, Hana
133
,
143–4

Kops, Bernard
117–18
,
122–3
,
128–9
,
141

Korbut, Olga
203

Koseda, Heidi
198

La Fontaine, Jean
219

Lack, David
112

Ladies Sanitary Association
60

Lambeth
35

Lancet
59

Landers, Ann
208

Lane, Homer
110–11

Lane, John
108–9