Sex for Sale~Prostitution, Pornography and the Sex Industry (65 page)

influence on 325, 327, 339–343; need for

Korean sex workers in 328; NOW’s

sector-specific 344; prostitution 21–32,

campaign 345n7; street prostitutes 165,

181–183, 236, 237; public opinion 3;

172, 182

strip clubs and pornography 17–21;

New York State 28

targeting of customers 30–32, 233, 237,

New Zealand 23, 25, 245, 338, 339

240–243, 342–343; two-track 25–32,

Nieva, Veronica 201

236;
see also
regulation

NJoy 291, 298

politicians 4

normalization 12–13, 14, 21, 301, 338

politics 258–259, 269–270, 274, 279

NYPD
(1997) 76

polymorphous paradigm 6–7, 32

porn stars 13, 16, 47–66; Adult

Oaten, Mark 4

Entertainment Expo 289–290; escorts

obscenity 18, 19–21, 292

206; fame and glamour 52–53, 58–60,

O’Connell Davidson, Julia 244

61, 63, 109; female 50–51, 53, 55–56,

OhMiBod 291–292

57, 59–60, 62–64, 66n19; freedom and

Omaha 26

independence 53–55; gay 70, 71–73,

oppression paradigm 5, 9, 13, 32, 320;
see

75–76, 79–80, 82–83; long-term careers

also
abolitionists; antipornography

58–63; male 50–51, 53, 56, 57–58, 59,

campaigns; moral crusade

60–62, 64, 66n18; money 50–52, 109;

oral sex: call girls/street prostitutes

opportunity for sex 57–58; sociability 55,

comparison 196, 197, 199; condom use

60; social norm violation 56–57; as

228; performed by client 191, 197, 199;

strippers 55–56; women-made

pornography 50; prostitute customer

pornography 91–92, 94, 102, 109

survey 240, 242; street prostitutes 165,

Portland 237, 238

169, 172, 174, 179

“positive marginality” 225

The Other Side of Aspen 3
(1995) 74

poststructuralism 300

power 116, 119, 134, 310, 312

Paglia, Camille 74

Prince, Diana 11, 12

Palfrey, Deborah Jeane 27

Pritchett, Jennifer 297

parties 50, 52, 55

privilege 116, 119–120

Pearl, Julie 41n120

pro-amateur pornography 48, 51–52,

pedophilia 17, 153, 154, 155;
see also
child 54–55, 62, 63, 65n9

pornography

professional pornography 48, 51–52, 54, 62,

People Exchanging Power (PEP) 158n25

63

“performance of love” 313–314, 319

prohibitionists 32;
see also
abolitionists Petersen, David 125

prostitution
see
brothels; call girls; escorts; Philadelphia 164, 165, 166–182

indoor sex work; male prostitutes; street

Phoenix 30, 41n124

prostitutes

phone sex
see
telephone sex

Protection Project 326, 340, 341, 350n88

phthalates 296–297

public space 124

364

INDEX

quality of products 295–296

safe sex 209, 226–227, 259–260, 272;
see

Queen, Carol 107, 108

also
condoms

Queer Nation 74, 99

Sailor in the Wind
(1983) 71

“same-sex desiring”, definition of 135n10

race: call girl/street prostitute clients 191,

San Francisco: gay male pornography 80;

192; discourses of 120, 123–124; escorts

“john schools” 31, 237, 238; pornography

214, 219–221, 228; hierarchies of 311,

production 48; prostitution policies 22,

312–313; privileges of 119–120; sex

23, 28, 29, 30; strip clubs 137n37;

tourism 317, 318; street prostitutes

trafficked women 335; women-made

177–179, 180; women-made

pornography 93, 94

pornography 100, 103–104, 106;
see also

Scorpio Rising
(1963) 69

African-Americans; ethnic groups

Seabrook, Jeremy 318

racism 120, 219–220, 221, 317, 318

Seattle 26

Rakow, Lana F. 156n5

self-esteem 6, 11–12, 14, 148–149, 154,

RAND Corporation 189

155

rape 140, 152, 154, 155

Self-Serve 297

Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA) 244

Sex and the Single Gay
70

Raymond, Janice 333–334, 341, 347n43

sex education 95–96, 99, 102, 107–108,

Reagan, Ronald 20

154, 302

re-branding of adult industry 286, 293,

sex industry overview 1–3

301–303

sex industry trends 292–298; green

red-light districts 25, 132

products 296–298; mainstreaming

Redwood
(1998) 74

298; quality 295–296; re-branding

Regis, Steve 73

286, 293, 301–303; women’s market

regulation: brothels 259–260, 265–270,

287, 293–295

273–274, 276; legalization 24–25;
see also

sex positivity 96, 98–99, 302; sex toys

policies

295, 298; women’s porn market 287,

rehabilitation 28–29, 31

293, 294

religious extremists 84, 326, 332, 340–341

sex tourism 236, 307–323; clients 316–318;

Relles, Alicia 296

globalization 308–309; migrant labor

Reno 22, 24, 255, 257–258, 260, 265, 270,

309–310; as migration strategy 315–316,

277

318–319, 320; Nevada brothels 257, 263,

Rhode Island 29

276; outcomes 318–319; “performance of

Richards, Maynard Martin 270

love” 313–314, 319; variation in sex work

Riessman, Catherine 198

320–321

Rocco, Pat 70

sex toys 95, 286, 288, 291–292; green

Ronai, Carol Rambo 53

products 296–298; growth of women’s

Roth v. United States
(1957) 69–70

market 287, 293; mainstreaming 298;

Royalle, Candida 293, 294

quality of products 295–296; re-branding

Rubin, Gayle 287

301–302

Rutherford, John 77

sex trafficking 5, 307, 325–351; brothels

Ryker, Ken 73, 78, 82

272, 274; definition of 335–336; denial

Ryker’s Revenge
82

of agency 333–334; as distinct from

prostitution 332–333; facts about

sadomasochism (S&M) 140, 196;
see also

327–331; fictional claims about 332–339;

bondage, domination, sadism, and

institutionalization of crusade claims

masochism

339–343; opposition to legalization of

365

INDEX

prostitution 338–339; police raids

stag films 68, 69

330–331; prevalence of 335–337; root

STDs
see
sexually transmitted diseases

causes of 343–344; violence 333

Steinem, Gloria 345n7

Sex Workers Outreach Project 327

Sterling, Matt 71

Sex Workers Project 327, 331

stigma 3, 12, 14, 302; escorts 222–225,

sexism 83, 84, 120, 294

228–229; gay male pornography 17;

Sex/Life in LA
(1998) 88n64

lesbians 124, 125; phone sex workers 149;

“sexperts” 303

porn stars 56–57, 64

sexscapes 312–313

Stonewall protests 68

sexual abuse 5, 9

street outreach 166, 167, 168, 179,

sexual consumer culture 287

181–182

sexual harassment 120–121

street prostitutes 7–10, 11, 12, 163–185;

sexual politics 299–301

African-American 167, 171–181, 183,

sexuality: African-American women

190; characteristics of 8, 163–166; client

123–124; commodified approach to

characteristics 191–193; comparison with

248–249; male 121, 122, 257;

call girls 187–201; criminalization 21;

“overstated sense of cultural significance”

decriminalization 21–22; drug and

287; women-made pornography 98, 99,

alcohol use 195–196; intimacy 187–188,

102;
see also
heteronormativity;

190–191, 196, 197–199; legalization 25;

heterosexuality; homosexuality

location of work 174–177, 179–181, 183,

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): brothel

194, 195; Los Angeles Women’s Health

workers 266, 268–269; escorts 218, 226;

Risk Study 189–190; policy implications

Los Angeles Women’s Health Risk Study

181–183; regular clients 193–194; sexual

189; sex education 95; street prostitutes

activities 196–197; two-track policy 25,

171, 174

27, 28–30, 236; violence 236; white

Sexy Smart Girls agency 141–143, 148,

167, 168–171, 177–179, 180, 181–182,

149, 155

183

Shared Hope International 326, 334, 335,

strip clubs 1, 2, 13–14, 115–137;

338, 341, 350n88

comparative research approach 117–119;

Shaw, Aidan 73

erotic tensions 127–131; importance of

Sherri’s Ranch 278

BSSDW space 123–127; masculine space

Shooting Porn
(1997) 87n42, 88n64

120–123; policies 17–18; regulation 128,

Show Your Pride
(1997) 83

131–133; stigma 3

Signorile, Michelangelo 83, 88n66

strippers 13–14, 117; bodily contact with

“single girl websites” 92–93

118, 125, 135n15; BSSDW strip clubs

Skee, Mickey 77

125, 127, 129–130; gay 79, 87n41; male

Smith, Linda 338

14, 64, 117, 119, 125; Nevada 265; porn

Smitten Kitten 297

stars 55–56; stigma 3

social networks 55, 60, 61–62, 63, 102,

Stryker, Jeff 73

312

Stychin, Carl 84

social norms 56–57

Suicide Girls 92

Soft ‘N’ Wet 118, 123, 127, 130–131,

Summers, John 71

132

Sundahl, Deborah 99–100

Soviet Union, former 337

“survival sex” 9, 312, 320, 321

Spain 2

Swaggart, Jimmy 4

Spears, Zak 73

Sweden 31–32

Spitzer, Eliot 4, 234, 251

symbolic violence 152–153

366

INDEX

tantra 218–219

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

Tantus 291, 293, 295, 297–298, 302

Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 337,

Taormino, Tristan 98, 293, 294, 295, 302,

348n63

303

Utah 19, 20

taxes 261–262, 266–267

Taylor, Bruce 20–21

vaginal sex: call girls/street prostitutes

telephone sex 1, 2, 17, 139–159; bonding

comparison 196, 197; condom use 226,

with other women 150–151; “community

227, 228; pornography 50; prostitute

service” 153–154; couples 151–152; entry

customer survey 240, 242; street

into industry 143–144; female callers

prostitutes 165, 169, 175, 177, 179

151; heteronormativity 151; impression

Venning, Rachel 294–295

management 146–148, 154; job

victimization 6, 9–10, 15, 243, 333,

socialization and identity construction

334

144–146; lack of research on 32; operator

Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection
characteristics 142–143; self-esteem of

Act
2000 (TVPA) 335–336, 339, 341,

workers 148–149, 154, 155; sexual

350n80

awareness 149–150; stigma 3; symbolic

violence 5, 9, 10, 14, 15, 236; gay male

violence 152–153

pornography 84; prostitute customers

Thailand 2, 9, 36n49, 317, 318

243–244; sex trafficking 333; street

“therapeutic” role of sex work 14, 17, 121,

prostitutes 164, 170, 176, 180;

154, 198, 224

symbolic 152–153; two-track policy

trafficking
see
sex trafficking

28

Trafficking in Persons
reports 335, 336, 338, Vitter, David 4

341

Vivid 101

Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization
Vixen Creations 293, 297

Act
2003 (TVPRA) 341, 348n60; 2005

(TVPRA) 341, 342–343, 345n7; 2008

Wadd, Dick 76

(TVPRA) 341, 343, 345n7

Wagner, Steven 341

training 209, 212–213

Ward, Brent 20

transgenderism: phone sex 140;

Warner, Michael 82

pornography 93, 300; prostitutes 33,

Washington DC: antitrafficking conference

64

340; BSSDW strip clubs 117, 118, 123,

transgressives 126

129, 130, 132; CEOS 20; David Vitter

transnational spaces 308, 310–311,

scandal 4

321

Waugh, Thomas 69

Treasure Island Media 76

Waxman, Jamye 289, 303

Tucker, Cole 73

websites 2; escorts 206; gay 75–76, 77, 79;

TVPA
see Victims of Trafficking and Violence

“single girl” 92–93; women-made

Protection Act
2000

pornography 92;
see also
Internet

TVPRA
see Trafficking Victims Protection

Weiner, Adele 182

Reauthorization Act
2003, 2005, 2008

West, Donald J. 201

Two Handfuls
71

Western Australia 23, 25

two-track policy 25–32, 236

Wharton, Amy 201

Whitehead, Bruce 81–82

The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women

Winick, Charles 196

(Taormino) 294

Winks, Cathy 295

Unger, Rhoda 225

A Woman’s Touch 297

367

INDEX

women-made pornography 16, 91–111,

background 101–102; sidestepped by

287, 303; activism 96–101, 108, 109; art

feminist antipornography movement 300

background 101; growth of women’s

women’s attitudes 2, 3, 15–16

market 293, 294; motivations for making

women’s market 287, 293–295, 303

103–108; network influences 102; sex