Sex for Sale~Prostitution, Pornography and the Sex Industry (63 page)

Martin A. Monto
is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Portland in Portland, OR. His research explores the intersections between gender, deviance, and social psychology. Specific interests include customers of prostitutes, homophobia, sexual assault, and equality of opportunity. He has published numerous articles on the customers of prostitutes.

Jeffrey T. Parsons
is Professor and Chair of the Psychology Department at Hunter College, City University of New York, and also on the doctoral faculties for Social-Personality Psychology and Public Health at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. His research focuses on the
355

CONTRIBUTORS

intersections of sexuality, sexual risk behaviors, substance use, and identity.

He is the Co-Director of the Center for HIV Educational Studies and Training, and has published extensively on the sexual practices of male sex workers.

Judith Porter
is Professor Emerita of Sociology at Bryn Mawr College. Her major research interest is AIDS and injection drug use. She has studied crack addiction and HIV transmission, barriers to drug user treatment among Puerto Rican heroin users, and factors related to lack of drug user treatment among drug injectors, as well as needle exchange programs as a bridge to services, funded by a National Institute for Drug Abuse grant. She assists Congreso de Latinos Unidos as an AIDS educator and is the Vice-Chairperson of the Mayors Executive Commission on Drugs and Alcohol in Philadelphia.

Grant J. Rich
is Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Alaska in Juneau. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Current research includes positive psychology, cultural psychology, health psychology, and workplace ethnography. He has written for such publications as
American
Anthropologist
,
Ethos
,
Family Relations
,
Massage Magazine
,
Massage Therapy
Journal
,
Journal of Sex Research
,
Journal of Youth and Adolescence
, and
Psychology
Today
, and is editor of the book
Massage Therapy: The Evidence for Practice
. A licensed social worker, he has served on the boards of several social service agencies.

Joe A. Thomas
is Professor of Art History and Chair of the Department of Visual Arts at Kennesaw State University, GA. His focus is sexuality and representation, particularly in modern and contemporary art and in Renaissance Europe. He has written entries on gay pornography for glbtq.com and contributed essays to
1000 Erotic Works of Genius
(2008). He is currently working on an essay about the cultural meanings of gay porn produced outside the U.S., as well as curatorial projects.

Ronald Weitzer
is Professor of Sociology at George Washington University in Washington, DC. He has written extensively on the sex industry in the United States and abroad, and is currently writing a book on political conflicts over prostitution policies in selected nations. He is frequently contacted by the media for information and comment on issues regarding the sex industry.

A second major area of expertise centers on police relations with racial and ethnic minorities, and he has two books on this topic.

356

INDEX

abolitionists 32, 326–327, 331, 332–334,

alternative pornography (alt porn) 91–92,

340–341, 344;
see also
antipornography

93, 100–101, 103–107, 108–109

campaigns; moral crusade; oppression

Altman, Dennis 312

paradigm

Altomar Productions 75

activism 95, 96–101, 102, 108, 109, 225

amateur pornography: career in 48, 51,

adult baby/diaper lover (ABDL) 140

54–55, 61, 62; gay 75, 76, 77

Adult Entertainment Expo (AEE) 285–286,

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 29,

288–292, 294–295, 299, 300–301,

30

305n17

anal sex: call girls/street prostitutes

adult stores 17–18, 19, 21, 71, 277; gay

comparison 196, 197; condom use 226,

male pornography 83; growth of women’s

227, 228; gay male pornography 71, 73;

market 293; sex education 95

men’s fantasies 121; phone sex 140; porn

Adult Video News (AVN) 106, 285, 286,

stars 50;
The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for

288–289, 304n13

Women
294

advertising: escorts 205–206, 213–216; gay

antipornography campaigns 18–21, 97, 98,

male pornography 82–83

100, 109, 299–300;
see also
abolitionists; AEE
see
Adult Entertainment Expo

moral crusade

African-Americans: black women’s strip

Arnold, Geoff 273, 274

clubs 14, 116–117, 118, 119–120,

art 101

123–127, 129–131, 132–133; female

Atlanta 29

escorts 208–209, 220–221; male escorts

Australia 23, 25, 29, 330, 338, 339

208, 221; North Philadelphia 166;

AVN
see
Adult Video News

prostitute customers 238; street

prostitutes 167, 171–181, 182, 183,

Babeland 288, 293, 294–295, 296,

190

302–303

agency 5, 6; African-American women 124;

bar corkers 8

denial of 333–334; sex tourism 320;

bareback genre 76–77

strippers 115

“barely legal” 140

agents 61

Barnard, Ellen 297

Agustín, Laura 116, 329

Barnard, Marina 244

AIDS: gay male pornography 68, 73, 74, 76,

BDSM
see
bondage, domination, sadism, and 77; Global AIDS Act 342; hostility

masochism

towards AIDS educators 178; Los Angeles

beauty norms 56, 103, 122, 219

Women’s Health Risk Study 189–190;

Becker, Howard 146

street prostitutes 163–165, 166,

Bell, Shannon 6

170–171, 181–182;
see also
HIV

Benjamin, Harold 235

alcohol use 195–196

Berkeley 22, 23

357

INDEX

bestiality 140, 152, 154, 155

BSSDW
see
black same-sex desiring women

big beautiful women (BBW) 140, 219

“bug chasers” 76

Big Guns
(1987) 71

Bullough, Bonnie and Vern 235

The Bigger the Better
(1984) 71

Burger, John 70

bisexuality: activism 95; escorts 207, 208,

Burgess, Sally 275

229; phone sex 140; porn stars 58; stag

burnout 201, 220, 223

films 69; women-made pornography 93

Bush, George W. 20, 307, 327, 331, 336,

Bjorn, Kristen 72, 73, 81

340–343

Black, Metis 295, 302

black same-sex desiring women (BSSDW)

Cadinot, Jean-Daniel 81

116–117, 118, 119–120, 123–127,

Califia, Pat 74

129–131, 132–133

California 11, 12, 22, 26, 80, 237

Blake, Blue 79

call girls 7, 9, 10, 187–203; characteristics

Blank, Joani 298

of 8; client characteristics 191–193;

Bloom, Colleen 119

“dates” with clients 194–195; drug and

bodily contact 118, 125, 135n15, 218

alcohol use 195–196; emotional labor 11,

bondage, domination, sadism, and

187, 188, 190, 193, 199–201; intimacy

masochism (BDSM) 93, 140, 196, 197,

187–188, 190–191, 196, 197–199, 200;

217–218

job satisfaction 11–12; lack of research on

Bordo, Susan 122

33; location of work 194, 195; Los

Boston 30

Angeles Women’s Health Risk Study

boyfriend experience 11, 213

189–190; regular clients 193–194, 199;

The Boys in the Sand
(1971) 70

screening of clients 11; self-esteem 12;

Bright, Susie 74

sexual activities 196–197;
see also
escorts; Britain: attitudes towards prostitution 2, 3,

indoor sex work

23, 24; indoor sex work 43n142; “john

Cambodia 328, 329–330

schools” 31; scandals 4; street prostitutes

“camp” 82

9, 28, 29

Canada 23, 28, 29, 31

Bronski, Michael 82

Carnaval in Rio
(1989) 72

brothel owners 267, 268, 269–270,

casino corkers 8

274–275, 277–278

CATW
see
Coalition Against Trafficking in brothel workers 7, 10, 11, 236, 270–272;

Women

characteristics of 8; contracts 268; health

Caukins, S. E. 201

and safety 259–260, 272; informal rules

Chant, Sylvia 315

268–269; job satisfaction 11–12;

Chase, Tom 82–83

recruitment of 264–265; self-esteem 12;

Child Exploitation and Obscenity Unit

STD testing 266; training 209

(CEOS) 20

brothels: Cambodian 328, 329–330; cultural

child pornography 18, 20;
see also
pedophilia context 258–260; decline in number of

class 119–120, 123–124, 131; hierarchies of

349n75; escort agencies 209; girlfriend

311, 312–313; prostitute customers 191,

experience 187; historical development

249–250

256–258; industry in transition 278–279;

Clement, Chris 291

law enforcement 26; legal 21, 22–24, 29,

Clinton, Bill 20, 339–340, 345n7

235, 255–281; licensing 267, 268;

Coalition Against Toxic Toys (CATT) 297

Nevada Brothel Association 272–276;

Coalition Against Trafficking in Women

regulation 265–270, 273–274; structure

(CATW) 326, 332, 337, 338, 341,

of Nevada brothel industry 260–265

350n88

358

INDEX

Coffin, Bob 270

tourism 309, 316–318; sexual behavior of

college graduates 249–250

240, 241–242; telephone sex 151–154,

Collins, Patricia Hill 220

155; traditional strip clubs 116–117,

commodification of sexuality 248–249

118, 119, 120–123, 127–129, 133;

community feeling 129–130

TVPRA enforcement against 342–343;

“community service” 17, 153–154

violence against prostitutes 243–244

“community standards” 18

Cycles of Porn: Sex/Life in LA 2
(2005)

Concerned Women for America 326, 338,

88n64

344

Czech Republic 23, 81

condoms: brothel workers 272; call

girls/street prostitutes comparison 196;

Davis, Angela 124

escorts 226–227, 228; gay male

decriminalization 21–22, 32; attitudes

pornography 68, 73, 76; prostitute

towards 23, 240–243; denial of US

customer survey 240, 242; street

funding for organizations supporting 342;

prostitutes 165, 171, 177, 181, 182;
see

two-track policy 26, 29–30, 236;
see also

also
safe sex

legalization

Conforte, Joe 258, 273, 275

Deep Throat
(1973) 59, 70

consent 236, 333–334

DeLong, Greg 291, 296, 298

conservatives 4, 32, 132, 332, 340–341

d’Emilio, John 69

consumer culture 287

Denchasy, Ian 302

contracts: brothel workers 268; porn stars

Detroit 30

53–54, 56, 65n12

deviance 55, 146, 178, 179

conversation 197, 198

Dines, Gail 299–300, 301

Coombs, M. A. 201

Doc Johnson’s 293

cosmetic surgery 50

Dominican Republic 307, 309–322

crack cocaine 164, 165; African-American

Donovan, Casey 70

street prostitutes 172, 175–176, 179,

Dorfman, Ken 293

181; high-risk sexual practices 177; white

double penetrations 50, 64n5

street prostitutes 169, 178, 183

Dressel, Paula 125

crime 15, 17–18, 132

drug users 5, 236; call girls 195–196; HIV

criminalization 6, 19–20, 21, 24, 265;

risk 165; street prostitutes 9, 164–165,

customers 30, 31–32; migrant sex

168–171, 172, 175–178, 180–181, 183,

workers 330; moral crusade’s pressure on

195–196

government 333, 342; two-track policy

DuRoy, Georges 81

28, 29

DVDs 74–75, 83, 92, 289;
see also
films

cross-dressing 140, 150

Dworkin, Andrea 18, 98

Culver, Cal 70

Dyer, Richard 67, 69, 88n65

customers 10–11, 30–32, 233–254;

BSSDW strip clubs 118, 125, 126–127,

Early to Bed 302–303

129–131, 132–133; call girls/street

Earth Erotics 297

prostitutes comparison 191–199;

eastern Europe 330, 337, 344

characteristics of 238–240; escorts 206;

Ellis, Carolyn 53

intimacy with 187–188, 190–191; “john

emotional labor: brothel workers 277; call

schools” 31, 234, 237–238; marital status

girls 11, 188, 190, 193, 199–201;

of 191–193, 238, 239, 250; motives for

definition of 187; sex tourism 313;

buying sex 244–250, 251; myths about

strippers 121

234–237; phone sex 143; race of 172; sex

Emperor’s Club 11

359

INDEX

empowerment 14, 327; brothel workers 259;

female escorts 207, 208–209; advertising

empowerment paradigm 5–6; feminist

213–214, 215, 216; agencies 210–212;

pornography 98; phone sex workers 154;

BDSM 217–218; big beautiful women 219;

sex tourism 320; strippers 115, 116

race 220–221, 228; rates 217, 220–221,

environmental issues 296–298

228; sexual negotiation 227; stigma

Erickson, Rebecca 201

222–223, 228–229; tantra 218–219

escort agencies 33, 205, 209–213, 227–228;

female porn stars 50–51, 53, 55–56, 57,

law enforcement 29; non-sexual services

59–60, 62–64, 66n19