Seize the Moment (40 page)

     finance ministry of,
158

     foreign aid policy of,
154
–56,
268
–69

     GATT and,
161

     Gorbachev's visit to,
188
–89

     growth of,
150

     Korean War and,
36

     military budget of,
151
–53,
157
–158

     Persian Gulf security and,
156

     Persian Gulf War and,
24
,
30
,
32
,
153
–54,
163

     
protectionism and,
151
,
154
,
160
,
242

     regional conflicts and,
155

     Soviet Northern Territories dispute with,
184
–85,
188
–90,
193

     Soviet rapprochement with,
188
–189

     trade practices of,
158
–59,
161

     U.S. relationship and,
150
–51,
156
,
161
–62,
185

     U.S. trade imbalance with,
157
–160

     weapons renunciation agreement of,
151

     women in,
159
–60

Japan, Imperial,
152

Jiang Zemin,
173

Johnson, Lyndon B.,
292

Johnson, Paul,
23

Jordan,
17
,
121
,
196
,
198
,
202
,
222
,
225
–27

Kafka, Franz,
74
–75

Kahn, Herman,
304

Kant, Immanuel,
22

Kaufman, Robert,
35

Kaunda, Kenneth,
250

Kazakhstan,
198

Kennedy, John F.,
272
–73

Kerekou, Mathieu,
250

KGB,
30
,
46
,
47
,
49
,
54
,
65
,
76
,
93
,
214

Khmer Rouge,
173

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah,
195
,
201

Khrushchev, Nikita,
45
–46,
48
,
50
–51,
57
,
61
,
66
,
111
,
139
,
164

Kissinger, Henry,
229

Kitchen Debate,
45

“kleptocracies,”
236

Kohl, Helmut,
47
,
60
,
120
,
136
,
138

Korea, People's Republic of (North),
16
–17,
91
,
164
,
170
,
171
,
174
,
180
,
189
,
190
,
212
,
238
,
275

Korea, Republic of (South),
17
,
20
,
37
,
39
,
170
,
177
,
189
,
191
,
233
,
237
,
238
,
242
,
244
,
250
,
275

Korean War,
34
,
36
,
148
,
164
,
238
,
175
–76

Kozyrev, Andrei,
80
–81

Kryuchkov, Vladimir,
49
,
67
,
93

Kuwait,
15
,
24
,
26
,
29
,
35
,
63
,
126
,
195
,
197
,
203
,
205
,
220
,
225
,
273
,
280
,
303

Landsbergis, Vytautus,
58
–59

Laos,
17
,
233
,
260
–61

Latin America,
233
,
251
–52,
262
,
276
,
304

     communist insurgencies in,
246

     democracy in,
248
–50

     free-trade zone and,
266
–67

     poverty in,
245

     
see also
underdeveloped world Latvia,
16
,
48
,
57
,
58
,
65

League of Nations,
34
,
128
,
275

Lebanon,
29
,
195
,
196
,
201
,
203
,
205
,
215

Lee Kuan Yew,
163
,
239

Lenin, V. I.,
22
,
38
,
43
,
55
,
56
,
75
,
106

liberalism,
296

Liberia, civil war in,
28
,
246

Libya,
89
,
91
,
121
,
138
,
174
,
195
,
196
,
198
,
201
,
209

Lincoln, Abraham,
56

Li Peng,
172
,
173

Lithuania,
16
,
46
,
57
,
58
,
65
,
168

London summit,
47

MacArthur, Douglas,
140

Macmillan, Harold,
139

Malaysia,
197
,
198
,
202
,
233
,
262

Mali,
37
,
250

Malraux, Andre,
274

Mansfield amendment,
124

Mao Zedong,
13
–14,
16
,
110
,
164
,
248

Marcos, Ferdinand,
28

Mariam, Mengistu Haile,
246

Marshall Plan,
98
,
115
,
121
,
133

Marx, Karl,
30
,
108

Marxism-Leninism,
22
,
25
,
52
,
95
–96

Matsu,
17

Mauritania,
37

Mexico,
36
,
208
–9,
250
,
252
,
265
–266

Mexico City policy,
263

Middle East,
195
,
208
,
210
–12,
246

     arms control and,
212
–13

     Gulf security and,
216
–17

     Nixon Doctrine for,
215
–16

     nuclear proliferation in,
204

     population of,
197

     poverty in,
213
–14

     Soviet Union and,
214
,
221

     
see also
Arab-Israeli conflict; Muslim world

Middle East Command,
210

Middle East Defense Organization,
210

Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi,
216

Moldavia,
57

Mongolia,
171

Morocco,
196
,
198
,
200
,
202
,
207
–208,
209

Moscow News
,
64
,
82

Movement for Democratic Reforms,
72
,
250

Mozambique,
17
,
252
,
263

“MTV generation,”
282

Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni,
220

Muslim world,
194
–231

     Arab-Israeli conflict and,
217
–31

     arms control and,
212
–13

     cultural achievements of,
198
–99

     ethnic diversity of,
195
–96

     Gulf security and,
216
–17

     Islamic fundamentalism and,
195
,
200
–202

     militarization of,
197
–98

     modernization and,
202
–3

     Nixon Doctrine and,
215
–16

     nuclear weapons and,
198

     Persian Gulf War and,
209

     poverty in,
213
–14

     regional conflicts in,
196
–97

     security framework for,
210
–12

     Soviet influence on,
198
,
202

     U.S. perception of,
194
–95,
200

     U.S. policy in,
199
–200,
204
–10

     
see also
Middle East

Mussolini, Benito,
22
,
201

Myanmar,
173
,
233
,
240
,
247

Najibullah,
91
–92

Namibia,
20

Napoleon I, Emperor of France,
183

Nasser, Gamal Abdel,
17
,
219

National Economic Council,
281

National Endowment for Democracy (NED),
75
,
251

national interests, summary of,
36
–37

nationalism,
139
,
182

     communism and,
55
–59

     in Eastern Europe,
128
–29,
134
–136

     in Soviet republics,
55
–56,
69
,
70
,
184

National Security Agency,
93

National Security Council,
141
,
281

Nelson, Horatio,
299

New Guinea,
148
,
197

Ne Win,
240

New Zealand,
191

Nicaragua,
17
,
19
,
62
,
91
,
251

Nixon, Pat,
283

Nixon Doctrine,
215
–16

Nobel Peace Prize,
46
–47,
60
,
82

Noriega, Manuel,
20

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
23
,
82
,
84
,
115
,
116
,
123
,
136
,
139
,
149
,
206
,
210
,
279

     article 5 commitment of,
129

     creation of,
125

     Eastern Europe and,
127
–31

     nuclear weapons and,
142

     restructuring of,
38
,
140
–44

     
underdeveloped countries and,
143
–44

     unified Germany in,
138

     U.S. role in,
124
,
126

     Warsaw Pact dissolution and,
117
–18

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty,
180
,
279

nuclear weapons:

     Arab-Israeli conflict and,
198
,
221

     China's capacity in,
163

     India and,
254
–55

     Muslim world and,
198

     NATO and,
142

     Pakistan and,
255

     proliferation of,
180
,
204
,
206

Nurmi, Paavo,
280

oil embargo,
217

Okinawa,
156
,
275

Olympic Games (1972),
195

Other Path, The
(De Soto),
262

Ottoman Empire,
42

“out of area” security cooperation,
143

Pacific rim,
38
,
147
–49

     Soviet policy in,
184
–90,
193

     U.S. presence in,
190
–93

Pakistan,
17
,
21
,
91
,
106
,
173
,
196
,
197
,
198
,
202
,
211
,
221
,
233
,
262

     economic mismanagement in,
245

     India's conflict with,
254
–55

     nuclear weapons and,
255

     Persian Gulf War and,
209

     U.S. Middle East policy and,
206

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),
219
,
220
,
222
,
223
,
226
–27

Panama,
20

Pan Am flight
103
,
215

Pan Arabism,
22
,
199

Paris Peace Agreements,
276

Pavlov, Valentin,
47
–48,
49

“Peace Cooperation Corps,”
153

perestroika
,
47
,
63
,
100
,
108

perimeter-portal monitoring,
87
–88

Persian Gulf War,
15
,
24
,
142
,
207
,
213
,
218
,
222
,
224
–25,
235
,
273
,
280
,
292

     aftermath of,
29
–30,
32
–33,
215

     Soviet Union and,
29
,
32
,
62
–63,
214