Sea of Slaughter (63 page)

Port au Port Bay, 26

Portuguese, 35, 135, 241, 255

and buffalo, 166–68

and groundfish, 207, 213

and walrus, 382, 386, 390–92

pothead.
See
pilot whale

Potomac River, 168, 171–72, 219

pound nets, 238, 442

powdaree.
See
grey whale (otta sotta)

prairie chicken, 103

Pré-Ravillon, La Court de, 393

Pribilof Islands, 190

Prince Edward Island

birds in, 65, 101

fish in, 5, 242–43, 247

fur-bearing animals in, 151, 154, 155, 159, 183, 195

seals in, 414, 492

walrus in, 392, 396

The Principal Navigations... of the English Nation
(Hakluyt), 23, 116, 171, 393

Pringle, James A., 84

Project Jonah, 356

protection of species, 37, 39, 51

for beluga whales, 356–57

for big game, 133–34, 516

for birds, 37, 39, 51, 89–90, 95

for fur-bearing animals, 152, 185

for seals, 428, 465–66, 470, 475–76, 478–81

for walrus, 406

for whales, 279, 306, 339–42, 364, 374, 518

protests.
See also
conservationists

boycotts as, 188, 433, 492–96, 500–506, 508–9, 512, 520

punishment for, 499–500, 509

against seal slaughter, 429, 431–32, 471–74, 480, 482–83, 487, 505

ptarmigan, 103–4

Puerto Rico, 85

puffins, 15, 18, 30, 31, 32, 34, 52, 54–58

pulp and paper industry, 155–57, 355

puma.
See
cougar

Puma
, 320

Quebec

fish in, 231, 235, 237

fur-bearing animals in, 148, 152, 157, 159–60, 181

marine animals in, 233, 353, 403, 471

Ungava District of, 60, 139–45, 148

Quebec Provincial Police, 231, 506, 507

quotas

for ice seals, 473, 475, 478–82, 489, 490, 493, 520–21

for whales, 340

raggedy-jackets, 439, 508

railroads, 71, 83, 175–77, 309

Ramea Islands, 26, 392

rat-tail (grenadier fish), 216

razorbill, 32, 46, 53–54, 58

red-backed sandpiper.
See
dunlin

Red Bay, 258, 294n

red-breast.
See
knot

redfish, 214–15, 517

red fox, 188, 191

reduction plants, 220–22

Reinal, Pedro, 382

Renews, 103

resource development, 145, 252–53

Restigouche River, 218, 231

Rieber, Christian, 495–96

right whale.
See
black right whale (sarda); bowhead whale

ring-billed gull, 52

ring seal, 128

Roberval, Jean-Fransçois de La Roque, Sieur de, 116, 168, 345

Robichaud, H.R., 472, 473, 474, 476–77

rock ptarmigan, 104

rookeries, 28–30, 57

of birds, 22–34, 36–39, 50, 53, 54, 99–100

destruction of, 28–34, 39, 45–46, 48–52

of seals, 414–17, 421–23

of walrus, 392, 396

Roosevelt, Robert, 88

rorquals, 307–9, 312

killing of, 312–29

survival of, 336–37, 343

Rose, John, 188

roseate spoonbill, 99

roseate tern, 52

Rose Blanche, 134–35

Røst Island, 57

rough-legged hawk, 111

Rowan, John, 151, 210, 228, 237–38, 250, 352

Royal Canadian Air Force, 143, 213

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 485, 498–99, 507

Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 303

Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 495

ruffed grouse, 102

Russia.
See
Soviet Union

sable.
See
marten

Sable Island, 5, 188, 382–84

seals on, 414–15, 421–23

walrus on, 378–79, 382–89, 392, 396

Sagard, Gabriel, 82, 120, 172

Sag Harbor, 282

Saguenay River, 117, 265, 267, 343, 350, 356

St. George's Bay, 396

St. John River, 146, 169, 237–38

St. John's, 232, 368, 445, 451

St. John's Bay, 26

St. John's Islands, 232

St. Lawrence River, 82, 117

fish in, 205, 209, 233, 234

marine animals in, 233, 346

seals in, 411, 413

walrus processing on, 396

whales in, 233, 265, 343

St. Lawrence Whaling Company, 315

St. Margarets Bay, 243

St. Paul Island, 27

St-Pierre et Miquelon, 26

fish at, 207, 246

marine animals in, 347–48, 392, 414, 429

Sakhalin Island, 128

salmon, 119, 121–23, 517.
See also
Atlantic salmon

salt fish, 208, 210–11, 215, 217–19, 226–27, 234–37

Sambro Island, 45

sanctuaries, wildlife, 54, 80, 100–101, 144, 521

Sandeman, E.J., 214

sanderling, 87

sandhill crane, 100

sand lance, 308

sandpipers, 82, 87.
See also
dunlin

Sandwich Bay, 64, 73, 121, 123, 190

San Juan
, 257–58

sarda.
See
black right whale (sarda)

The Sargasso Sea
(Teal and Teal), 243

Savage Harbour, 497

scallops, 153, 246, 248, 389

Schreyer, Edward, 355–56

scientists.
See also
specimen collectors

and birds, 39, 73

and commercial fishery, 216, 222, 246–48, 252–54, 517–18

and seal hunt, 438, 450, 454–55, 470, 477–80, 487, 490, 493–94, 503

and seals, 422–25, 500n

and whales, 356, 369, 373

and whaling industry, 279–80, 305, 333, 340–42, 364

Scotch Bonnet
, 5

scoter duck, 4

Scotland, 17, 302, 304, 361–63, 458

scrag whale.
See
grey whale (otta sotta)

seabirds, 4, 15, 45–59, 515

extermination of, 30–37, 50, 51

overfishing and, 50–51, 57–59, 222, 515

predators of, 54–55, 119, 190–91

protection of, 37, 39

seal hunt, 410–17, 440–49, 472.
See also
net fishing

aircraft used in, 466–69, 473, 474, 477–80

competition in, 467–69

criticism of, 471–73, 475–78

French in, 413, 440–41

international nature of, 458, 464–65, 470, 483

media and, 471–72, 473, 489–93, 502, 503

New Englanders in, 415

Norwegians in, 338–39, 463–66

public reaction to, 493, 494, 507–10

regulation of, 472–73, 474, 476–77, 479–80, 488–89, 494

Royal Commission on, 511

subsidies for, 489, 496, 500–501, 504–5

vessels used in, 446–47, 451, 453

wastage in, 449–51, 453, 468–69

and white bear, 128–30, 134–35

“The Seal Hunt: A Morality Play” (Cameron), 482–85

Seal Protection Group, 502

Seal Protection Regulations, 480, 482, 485, 499, 502, 509

seals, 5, 375–76, 408, 430.
See also
ice seals;
specific species

extermination of, 427–31

as hide source, 411, 451, 455–57, 468–69

killing of, 304, 411–12, 421

as oil source, 35, 256, 451, 455–57, 461

overfishing and, 222, 418–19

as scapegoats, 418–33, 486–88, 493, 503, 512, 519–20

tagging of, 422, 427

sea mink (fisher), 160–64

Sea of Okhotsk, 128, 293, 300, 304, 306

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, 497, 502

Sea Shepherd
II
, 497–99

sea snail, 246, 379

sea sturgeon, 234–36

sea turtles, 233–34

Sea Wolf Island, 27

seiners, 229, 241, 335

and baitfish, 220–22, 335

sei whale, 308, 325, 330, 337

extermination of, 338–43

semi-palmated plover, 87

semi-palmated sandpiper, 86–87

Sergeant, David E., 465, 490, 503

Seton, Ernest Thompson, 113, 130, 173–76

Seven Islands Bay, 396

shad, 206, 218–20

Shag Island, 26

sharks, 216, 244–45, 424, 431, 517

Shaw, Robert, 478

shearwater, 15, 47

shellfish, 246–48, 382, 389

Sheridan, Philip Henry, 174

Shetland Islands, 327, 380

Shippegan Island, 391

ships.
See also
fishing boats;
specific vessels

barquentines, 456

barques, 21–24, 29, 451

brigantines, 447, 451

bully-boats, 446

caravels, 264, 268, 390

carracks (sack ships), 257, 268

schooners, 446–47, 451, 456

steam sealers, 453, 460–61

steam whalers, 303–4, 319

tankers, 268, 306, 328

shorebirds, 75–76, 515–16

lesser, 81–90

migration of, 81–82, 85, 89–90

shore stations, 314, 324, 396, 415.
See also
tryworks

in whaling industry, 326, 330, 334, 353, 363

Shuldan, Molineux, 401

Sierra
, 275–76

Silent Spring
(Carson), 105

silver fox.
See
red fox

Silver Mink
, 241

Simpson, Elizabeth, 475

sirenians, 232–33

Sir James Clark Ross
, 329

Sir William Alexander
, 498

skate, 206, 216, 517

Skraelings, 434–35, 437, 442

skua, 15

smelt, 206, 218, 219

Smith, John, 205, 225, 234, 237, 246

snipe, 82, 84–85

snow goose, 5, 92

Social Credit Party, 200

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 471, 474, 495

So Remorseless a Havoc
(McNally), 275, 333

Sorlle, Peter, 327–28

South America, 68, 78.
See also
Argentina

South Atlantic Ocean, 273–74, 277, 325–29

southern right whale.
See
black right whale (sarda)

South Georgia, 327

South Orkney Islands, 326

South Pacific Ocean, 274

South Shetland Islands, 327

Soviet Union, 406

and commercial fishing, 254, 487

and sealing, 463, 470

and whaling, 279, 306, 332, 365

and white bear, 132–33, 134

Spanish, 35, 213, 255, 411n

Spanish Armada, 269, 295

spearbill.
See
great auk

specimen collectors, 111

and bears, 133, 138

and birds, 40–41, 42, 61, 73, 80, 93

and seals, 422, 450

and whales, 279, 341

sperm whale, 4, 270–71, 309–10, 311, 330, 337

extermination of, 338–40

spiny dogfish, 216

Spitzbergen

walrus in, 395, 404

whales at, 269, 295–96

white bear in, 128, 132

sport fishing, 237–38, 250

and birds, 99–100, 515

of salmon, 223–24, 228–29

and tuna, 240, 242–43

sport hunting, 186–87, 197–202, 405

of bears, 132, 134, 145, 146

of big game, 197–99, 201, 516

of birds, 66–68, 76–77, 92–95, 96–102

of seals, 418–19, 426–28, 432

of whales, 354, 356, 512

spruce budworm, 106, 156

spruce grouse, 102

squid, 36, 218, 219

as whale food, 270, 358, 366–67, 372

starvation, 404

of animals, 57–58, 144, 517

Stearing Islands, 26

Steenstrup, J., 41

Stellar's sea cow, 233

Stinking Island, 23, 38

Stobo, Wayne, 431

storm petrel, 15, 49

striped bass, 236–39

Striper
(Cole), 238–39

sturgeon, 234–36

swans, 91–95

Swenk, Myron, 70

swordfish, 244

Symington, James, 67

Taiyo Gyogyo Company, 339

teal, 94–95

Teal, John and Mildred, 243

Technoventure
, 497–98

terns, 18, 32, 51–52

Tesco, 502

Thevet, André, 117

thick-billed murre, 53–54

Thomas, Aaron, 32, 35, 38, 249

Thorarinn
, 337–38

Thorfinn Karlsefni, 115, 434–35

thorny skate, 216

timber wolf, 193

Tocque, Philip, 37, 151, 195, 460

Topaz
, 447–49

Toronto Humane Society, 496

Toronto Star
, 492–94

Torrey Canyon
, 306

tourism, 146, 355, 471.
See also
whale-watching

Townsend, Charles, 73, 86, 96

trade.
See also
fur trade; leather; markets

in skins, 160, 168, 174–75, 177

in walrus ivory, 379, 381

“Tragedy on the Whelping Ice” (Horwood), 465

train oil, 255–56, 330, 410

from fish, 220, 245

market for, 400–401, 404–5, 461, 463–64

from seabirds, 34–36

from seals, 415–18, 443, 461, 464

from sirenians, 233

from walrus, 384, 392, 400, 401

from whales, 262, 263, 268, 294–96, 300–301

from white bears, 128, 130

trapping, 151, 189–91.
See also
fur trade

poison use in, 151, 159, 189

Trinity Bay, 364, 370–72, 445, 451

Tristan da Cunha Island, 274–75

Trudeau, Pierre, 495, 507

trumpeter swan, 91

Truro, 182, 186

tryworks, 35, 296, 366.
See also
shore stations; train oil

for seal oil, 415, 416, 445

on ships, 271

for walrus oil, 388, 396, 399, 407

for whale oil, 258, 266–68, 271, 278, 286

white bears and, 117

Tuck, Leslie, 42–43

tuna, 239–44, 427, 517.
See also
bluefin tuna

turkey, wild, 102

Turner, Lucien M., 63, 142

turnstone, 84