Sea of Slaughter (62 page)

as whalers, 259, 298, 305–6, 357–58, 518

Ireland, 432

isinglass, 77, 235

Islefsson, Sigurdur, 43

ivory

market for, 387–88, 400, 404, 406

medicinal use of, 358, 394

jack curlew.
See
whimbrel

jack snipe, 84

James, Thomas, 168

James Bay, 126–27, 134

Jan Mayen Island, 295, 458

Japan

fishing by, 211, 221, 241–43, 254

as market for marine products, 222, 241–43, 275, 338, 363, 364

as market for pelts, 114, 134, 505, 511

whaling by, 275, 279, 332, 341, 342, 364, 519

Jasper National Park, 149

John A. Macdonald
, 498–99

Josselyn, John, 28, 101, 150, 232, 235, 352

Jukes, J.B., 447–49

Kamchatka, 128, 274

Karlsefni.
See
Thorfinn Karlsefni

Karlsen, Karl, 338, 341, 363, 463–65, 475, 482, 483, 496–97

Karlsen Shipping Company, 338, 464, 497

Kean, Abraham, 450

Kennedy, William, 141

Ketilsson, Ketil, 43

killer whale.
See
orca (killer whale)

kittiwake, 15, 18, 48, 52, 513

knot, 83–84

Korea, 134, 278, 279

krill, 254, 307, 308.
See also
plankton

Kurdistan
, 56

Kuril Islands, 114, 128

Kyokuyo Hogei, 339

Labrador, 46, 80, 187–88, 403

bears in, 121–24, 129–30, 139–45

fish in, 210–11, 226

fur-bearing animals in, 151, 152, 159, 188–89, 190

sealing in, 457, 469

whaling in, 257–61, 264–68, 292–94, 297–99

Labrador duck, 96–97

Lac St-Jean, 117

Lahontan, Louis-Armand, Baron de, 101, 119, 153, 162, 208

Lake Champlain, 234

Lake Ontario, 228, 234, 410

lake sturgeon, 234, 235

Lancaster South, 56

Lark Island, 26

La Roche, Marguerite de, 116

La Roche, Troilus de, 386

La Ronde, Louis Denys de, 195

La Salle, Ren
é
Robert, Sieur de, 172

laughing gull, 52

Laurin, Jean, 354

Lavigne, David, 482, 507

Lawrence, Jesse, 415

Leach's storm petrel, 49

least sandpiper, 75

leather, 165–66, 174

from beluga whales, 350, 355

from buffalo, 166

from walrus, 379–80, 400

leatherback turtle, 234

LeBlanc, Rom
é
o, 427–29, 485–92, 494, 511

LeClercq, Chrestien, 182

Leefe, John, 432–33

Leif Eriksson, 224

Leigh, Charles, 207, 249, 394–95

Lescarbot, Marc, 30

lesser yellowlegs, 85–86

Liberal Party of Canada, 487, 504, 509, 512

Life Histories of North American Shorebirds
(Bent), 34, 83

The Life History and Ecology of the Gray Whale
(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), 279

Lillie, Harry, 450

lobster, 244, 246, 249–53

loggerhead turtle, 234

Lok, John, 169

long-billed curlew, 75–76

Long Island, 67, 88, 272, 285–87

loon, 97–98, 223

Lowe, A.P., 142, 190

lynx, 182–85

MacEachen, Allan, 504

MacKay, Barry Kent, 492–94

Mackay, George, 83

MacKenzie, Deborah, 517

mackerel, 36, 218–21, 347.
See also
tuna

mackerel shark (porbeagle), 216

Maclean, John, 141

Macy, Obadiah, 286

Macy, Thomas, 286

Magdalen Islands, 78, 116, 207, 246, 392–97, 400–403

great auk in, 24

sealing in, 471, 506, 509

seals in, 6, 412, 414, 415, 416, 422, 429

walrus in, 391–92, 406

Maine, 163–64, 411

Malcolm, Heather, 356

mallard, 93

Malouf, Albert, 511

The Mammals of Canada
(Banfield), 292

Mammals of North America
(Cahalane), 190–92

Manana Island, 28

manatee, 233

Manitoba, 111, 134, 136, 159, 354–56.
See also
Churchill

Mansfield, Arthur, 425

Manuel I of Portugal, 391

marbled godwit, 78

Marigold
, 26, 99, 188, 411

markets

and the environment, 333–34

for marine products, 221–22, 240–44, 275–76, 338

for pelts, 114, 134, 505, 511

for seal products, 490, 492–96, 500

for sealskin, 443, 451, 455–57, 466–70, 478, 481–82, 488, 495–96, 505

for whale products, 259, 363, 364

marten, 151–52, 157, 162

Martha's Vineyard, 103

Martyr, Peter, 207

Mary Margaret
, 280, 293

Mason, John, 31, 208

Massachusetts Bay, 82, 262, 388

Mather, Richard, 261–62

Mavericke, Samuel, 286

Mayflower
, 261

McDonald's, 493, 504

McKay, James, 175–76

McKenzie, Peter, 142–43

McNally, Robert, 275, 333

Mecatina Islands, 116

Melville, Herman, 327

Menendez, Pedro, 168

Mercer, M.C., 486

Mercier, Yvon, 499

Merriam, C. Hart, 137–39

Merrimac River, 235

Micmac people, 26

fishing by, 231, 246–47, 352

and seals, 413, 415, 430

as trappers, 151, 163

Migratory Birds Convention Act (1917), 95, 96

Millais, J.G., 315–24

Mingan Islands, 396, 441

mink, 162, 354–55, 371–73

minke whale, 308, 325, 337, 363–66

extermination of, 338–43, 362

uses of, 325, 363, 365, 373

Mink Island, 164

Minnesota, 196, 202

Miramichi River, 225, 231, 238

Miscou Island, 72, 391, 396, 414, 415, 430

Moisie River, 410

Monhegan Island, 28

monk seal, 411n

Montagnais people, 140

Moodie, Inspector, 303–4

moose, 145, 154, 170, 172, 174, 180

Moose Factory, 77

Moravian missions, 121, 140, 141, 142, 143

Morgan, James, 496, 511

Mother Carey's chicken.
See
petrels

mountain goat, 145

mountain lion.
See
cougar

mountain sheep, 145

Mowat, Farley, 197, 325n, 340–41

and seal hunt, 427, 429–30, 438, 450, 474, 477, 478

Mowat Environmental Institute, 515

muktuk, 355.
See also
blubber

Munk, Jens, 121

murres, 15, 18, 24, 32–33, 52–54

fishing and, 46, 55–56, 58

Muscongus Bay, 27

Muscovy Company, 280, 384–85

Muskeget Island, 83, 422

mussels, 153, 246, 247, 378, 513

Nansen, Fridtjof, 358–61

Nantucket Island, 66, 81, 88, 283, 286

Narjes, Karl-Heinz, 495

narwhal, 357–58

Nascopie people, 60, 72, 124, 140, 144

net fishing, 346–47, 351–52.
See also
commercial fishing

of seals, 441, 442, 447, 449, 457, 460, 469, 473

Netherlands.
See
Holland

Nettleship, David, 49, 53

New Brunswick, 27

fish in, 227, 231, 247

fur-bearing animals in, 146, 151, 154–57, 159, 164, 185

pollution in, 106, 155–57, 349

seals in, 408, 432

New Brunswick Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 473

New Chelsea, 135

New England, 36, 156

birds in, 28, 65–68, 99, 101

fish in, 221, 225–29, 234–36, 237, 249, 252

fishing industry in, 46, 209, 221

fur-bearing animals in, 146, 150–52, 159, 162, 183

marine animals in, 233, 346, 352, 388, 411–12

pollution in, 239, 248

predators in, 179, 185–86, 195

shellfish in, 246, 248

shorebirds in, 81–84, 86, 88–89

whalers from, 269–73, 281, 297–300, 309–10

whaling in, 285–87

Newfoundland and Labrador, 6, 53–54, 106, 187–88, 435

Basque whalers in, 257–58, 264–67

birds in, 36–37, 49, 62–64, 77–78, 101, 103–4, 105

fish in, 207, 209–10, 220–22, 246, 248–52

fishing industry in, 45–46, 55–56, 209–16, 226

fur-bearing animals in, 151–53, 162–63, 183–84, 188–89, 190–91

great auk in, 26, 32, 37, 39–40

Norsemen in, 24, 115, 434–35

and seal hunt, 486, 496, 502, 520

sealing in, 411, 443–45, 448–56, 458–62, 464

whales in, 271, 342, 343

whaling in, 297, 311–12, 314–21, 330, 334–36, 364–73

white bear in, 117–19, 129–30, 134–35

wolves in, 195–96

Newfoundland Industrial Development Service, 220

New Harbour, 370

New York Times
, 509

New York Zoological Society, 173

Noddy Island, 27

Norsemen, 5, 8, 16, 115, 392, 434–35

North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO), 489, 490–91, 494, 508

North Atlantic Ocean

harp seals in, 436–40

whales in, 271–73, 277, 329–32

Northern B.C. Guides Association, 198

northern gannet, 49–50

North Pacific Ocean, 130, 404–5

black right whale in, 273–74, 277

bowhead whale in, 293, 300–301, 303, 304–5

grey whale in, 277, 279, 326

North Sea, 380, 383

Northumberland Strait, 267, 389, 390, 392, 396, 401, 421, 422

Northwest River, 151

Northwest Territories, 74, 145

Norumbega, 169–71, 386

Norway, 57

and fishing, 229, 241

and seal hunt, 458, 463–66, 469–73, 475–76

and whaling, 279, 303–21, 325–30, 332, 334, 337–39, 361–65, 368, 519

and white bear, 114, 132–33

Notre Dame Bay, 443, 445

Nova Scotia, 193

birds in, 27–28, 32, 65

fish in, 210, 228, 230–31, 243, 247, 248, 250

fur-bearing animals in, 151–52, 154–57, 159, 162, 185, 186–87

marine animals in, 345, 396

pollution in, 106, 349

seals in, 411, 412, 420–21, 432–33, 464

whales in, 311, 352

Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forests, 185

ocean perch.
See
redfish

Octher, 380

Offer Rock, 26, 335

oil (petroleum) industry, 306, 389, 423, 515

oil, marine.
See
train oil

Okak Bay, 143

Old Shop, 370

Olsen Whaling and Sealing Company, 337n

Ommanney, F.D., 313, 327

Ontario, 134, 159, 181, 185, 228.
See also
Lake Ontario

Ontario Humane Society, 474, 477

Operation Jonah, 341

orca (killer whale), 5, 331n, 352, 363, 364, 365

Oregon buffalo, 167, 174

Orion
, 458

Orkney Islands, 77, 326, 380

osprey, 104, 105, 223, 515

otter, 152–54, 162, 516

Ouelle River, 350–53

overfishing, 215, 243, 252, 517–19

and seabirds, 50–51, 57–58, 515

owls, 104–5

oystercatchers, 79–80

oysters, 246–48, 378, 389

Pacific coast, 220, 245, 378

Pacific Ocean, 243–44, 277–79.
See also
North Pacific Ocean; South Pacific Ocean

Palmer, William, 32

Parkhurst, Anthony, 30, 117, 153, 169, 188–89, 195, 248–49

parks

national, 101, 144, 147, 149, 492

provincial, 134

Parliamentary Comittee on Seals and Sealing, 431

Parmenius, Stephen, 117–18

Passamaquoddy Bay, 347n

passenger pigeon, 8, 63, 71, 101–2

Peace River district, 147, 197–98

Peary, Robert, 130–31

peeps, 86–87, 90

pekan (fisher), 155, 157, 160, 162

Penguin Islands, 23, 24, 26, 334, 335

penguins, 25.
See also
great auk

Penobscot Bay, 100

Pentecost River, 410

People's Trust for Endangered Species, 495

peregrine falcon, 105

pest control.
See also
pesticides, by birds, 69, 71

pesticides, 56–57, 72, 105, 106

effects of, 156–58, 230, 515

petrels, 48–49, 54

phalaropes, 4

Philip II of Spain, 168

pie duck.
See
Labrador duck

pilot whale, 339, 349, 363, 366–73

Pimlott, Douglas, 474–75

piping plover, 87, 90, 515

Pippard, Leone, 356–57

Placentia Bay, 26, 119, 320

plaice, 215–16

Plains buffalo, 8, 167, 174–75

Plancius, Petrus, 366, 368

plankton, 96, 245, 254, 263–64, 284, 290, 291, 518.
See also
krill

Pleasure
, 393

plovers, 84, 86, 88–90, 515

poaching, 231, 405–6

punishment for, 274–75, 338, 482

of seals, 429, 482, 520

of whales, 275, 277, 338, 519

poison.
See
pesticides; trapping

polar bear.
See
white bear

Polar Bear Project, 133

Polar Bear Wilderness Park, 134

polar whale.
See
bowhead whale

pollock, 517

pollution, 92, 98, 227, 229, 236.
See also
habitat destruction; pesticides

and acid rain, 230

and birds, 50, 52, 56–57, 515

and fish, 227, 229, 236, 239, 242, 244

and marine animals, 277, 349, 355, 519

from mercury, 242, 244, 355

in New England, 239, 248

from petroleum, 50, 56, 306

from toxic chemicals, 50, 52, 57, 98, 349

Polynia
, 459

Pond Inlet, 288, 289, 302

Poole, Jonas, 384–86

porbeagle (mackerel shark), 215

porcupine, 154, 157

porpoises, 3–4, 35, 262, 342, 345–49.
See also
dolphins

Port au Choix Peninsula, 20–21, 396, 436