Rosalind Franklin (48 page)

 

Paice, K.C. 73

Palestine 7–8, ii, 51, 99

Palmer, Mrs 55, 71

Paris 12, 84, 87–8, 90, 92, 104, 168, 222, 237, 291, 297

Passion for DNA, A
(Watson) 315

Patterson, A. Lindo 169, 173, 231; Patterson functions 168—70, 178, 183–5, 187, 195, 221, 234—5

Pauling, Ava Helen 186

Pauling, Linus: correspondence with son 186—7, 200, 204; discovers structure of alpha helix in protein 147—8, 187, 192; DNA research152, 162, 177; model-building 147, 159;
Nature of the Chemical Bond
55, 147; Nobel prize 254; objections to Watson's book 311; Pauling-Corey DNA model 188, 190—2, 194, 199—201, 224, 313; politics 171, 176, 254; RF corrects DNA model of 200; and RF's American tour 234, 246, 247

Pauling, Peter 186—7, 188, 191, 198, 200, 204

Pease, Martyn 236

Pelc, Stephen 172

Pennsylvania State University 233, 243

Pert, Candace 314

Perutz, Max 218, 296, 303, 322; Cavendish crystallography 149, 158; develops isomorphous replacement 259; gives MRC King's report to Crick and Watson 199, 207, 343n; internment 63; invites RF and Klug to Cambridge 304—5; Nobel prize 323, 324; objections to Watson's book 312

Philadelphia 242

Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 271

Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Cambridge 70

‘Physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal and related materials' (RF's PhD thesis) 82

Picasso, Pablo 220

Piper, Anne (nee Crawford) 27, 33, 70, 79, 97, 151, 226, 260, 261, 299, 301

Piper, Michael 151

Pirie, N.W. 250—3, 263, 265—6, 268

Pittsburgh 243

Planck, Max 32

polio 297, 298—9, 303

Pomerat, Dr 285

Portsmouth 3, 5

Pound, Ezra ii

Prague 6

Price, William 161

Princeton University 134

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
148, 192, 199

Proceedings of the Royal Society
131, 224, 316

‘Proposed Structure for Nucleic Acids' (Pauling-Corey) 191

protein 55, 119—20, 151, 153; helical structure 147, 187; in viruses 269; X-ray diffraction of iii, 148, 159

Pusey, Nathan 311

Putney 78, 79, 80

 

Raacke, Dorothea 288

Radlett, Herts 62, 64, 73

Randall, John Turton 116, 143, 150, 322; changes direction of RF's research 114—15, 130, 150; head of King's Biophysics Unit 128, 130—6, 150, 152, 155, 165—6, 176, 186—8, 207, 324; invents cavity magnetron 131—2; letter to
The Times
on St Paul's 189, 192, 345n; personality 131, 133; relations with RF 138. 229; and RF's departure from King's 183, 212—13, 221; RF's fellowship to work under 110—ii; rivalry with Cavendish 209; Royal Society lecture 136—7; scientific background 131; and Watson 192—3; on Wilkins's Nobel lecture 325

Rhys, Jean 126

Rich, Alexander 239, 247, 274

Rich, Jane 239, 247

Richley, Noel iii

Rimel, Anita 220

RNA 120, 182; in TMV 177, 222, 231, 246, 258—60, 268, 269; in viruses 290

Roberts, Andrew 42

Robeson, Paul 220

Rockefeller Foundation 271, 272, 284, 285

Rockefeller Institute, New York 120, 121, 136

‘Role de l'eau dans l'acide graphitique' (RF) 222

Roosevelt, Franklin 131

Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321

Rothamsted Experimental Station, Herts. 250

Rothschild, Victor 263, 291, 292, 303

Routledge 4, 6, 107; and Kegan Paul 271

Royal Commission on Rewards for Inventors 132

Royal Institution 85, 88, 100, 104, 275, 293, 295, 299, 303

Royal Marsden Hospital 299—300, 303, 305

Royal Society 82–3, 132, 134, 176–7, 219, 326; models exhibited at 225, 295; Randall's lecture 136—7

Ruskin, John 20

Ryle, John 58

 

St Louis 245

St Paul's Boys' School 25—6, 34

St Paul's Girls' School 25—6, 28—34, 39—40, 47, 96, 315, 321

Salaman, Redcliffe N. 333n

Salisbury, Edward 187, 188

Salk, Jonas 297

Salomons, David 5, 12, 33m

Samuel, Beatrice (nee Franklin, RF's great-aunt) 7, 37

Samuel, David (RF's second cousin) 227

Samuel, Herbert (Lord Samuel of Toxteth, RF's great-uncle) 14, 39, 66, 330n; approval of Munich pact 42; High Commissioner of Palestine 7 —8; Liberal leader in Lords 82; spokesman for Anglo-Jewry 271; viscountcy 37 Samuel, Louis 4 Samuel Montagu & Co 4 Sartre, Jean-Paul 90 Saunders, J. Palmer 296 Sayre, Anne 139, 273, 309, 319; anti-Bernal feelings of 173; biography of RF 283, 321; friendship with RF 103, 147, 242; on RF's appearance 103; RF's letters to 171 —2, 231, 287, 289, 297; on RF's relations with men 97fn, 283, 286—7, 306

Sayre, David 103, 147, 169, 173, 242, 273

Sayres, J. 132

Schlesinger Jr, Arthur 50

Schro dinger, Erwin 122—3

Science
199

Science Museum 322

Sciences, The
318

Scientific American
241, 247

Scientists for Peace 219

Scott, George Gilbert 127

Scurby, Mary,
see
Holmes, M.

Search, The
(Snow) 218

Seeds, William 160—1, 165, 166, 183, 209, 314

Seven Daughters of Eve
(Sykes) 320—1

Sidgwick, Eleanor 44

Siegel, Albert 246, 277

Signer, Rudolf ill, 114, 136, 155, 156—7, 185

Simpson, Delia 64

Simpson, Wallis 34

Singer, Bea 279

Slater, Sir William 253, 263, 265—6, 269, 272, 290

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York 293

Smith, Kenneth 295

Snow, C.P. 218

Snowdonia 79

Spain 268

Spear, Walter: Ehrenberg-Spear X-ray tube 130, 143, 219

Spooner, Prof. E.T.C. 298

Stalin, Joseph 219, 289

Stanley, Venetia 8

Stanley, Wendell 233—4, 247, 266, 274, 285

Stent, Gunther 123, 224, 280, 317

Stephenson, Marjory 82

Stockholm 147, 148

Stokes, Alec 114, 129, 160, 171 , 184, 325; relations with RF 174; 130, 150, 152—3, 162; published papers 210

Stoutsker, Nina 106

Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge 105, 133

Strudwick, Ethel 25, 31, 39, 41

‘Study of the Fine Structure of Carbonaceous Materials' (RF) 100

Suez Crisis 289

Sutherland, Gillian 58

Sutherland, Norma 150

Swann, Michael 186—7

Sykes, Bryan 320—1

 

Tessman, Ethel and Irwin 280—3, 284

‘Thermal expansion of coals and carbonised coals' (RF and Bangham) 83

Thirty-Nine Steps, The
(Buchan) 10

Thomson, J.J. 46, 47

Ticehurst, Freda 133, 137, 140, 156, 206, 212

Times, The
28, 38, 40, 67, 189, 307; RF's obituary 308, 309

tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 229—31, 239, 245, 268; Caspar's work on 246, 258—9, 269; Holmes' work on 324; RF's models 261–2, 275, 293–4, 300, 309, 322; RF's work on 229, 231, 234, 241, 246, 249, 251–4, 258–61, 269, 285, 303, 308–9, 318; Watson's work on177, 222, 230–1, 234, 235, 241, 253

Transactions of the Faraday Society
83, 100, 303

Traub, Wolfie 229, 254

Tübingen, Germany 265, 266

Turner and Newall Fellowship 110, iii, 136, 183, 235; RF's report for 170, 176, 187–8

 

Unesco 105, 106

United States 233, 235, 237–47, 271, 273–84

United Synagogue 5

University College Hospital 285–6, 292–3, 300

University College London 127, 128, 138

US Bureau of Mines 235

US National Institutes of Health 270

US Public Health Service 290, 292, 296, 299, 304, 324

 

Vand, Vladimir 243; Cochran-Crick-Vand paper on helices 171, 196

Vaughan Williams, Ralph 30

Vienna 304

Vile Bodies
(Waugh) 100

virology 229, 250, 260, 262, 266, 268–9, 290;
see also
tobacco mosaic virus

Vogue
240

Vrij Nederland
323

 

Wagner, Richard 9

Waley, Jacob (RF's great-grandfather) 5

Waley, Matilda (nee Salomons, RF's great-grandmother) 5

Waley, Stephen (RF's cousin) 64

Waley family 5

Walker, Richard 315

Wanderer Between Two Worlds
(Bentwich) 72

Washington 247

Watson, Elizabeth 143, 163, 188, 194

Watson, James: and acknowledgements 207–8, 316-17; on Bawden and Pirie 250; in Cambridge 158, 182, 262; as celebrity 240-i; and Crick 159, 164, 262; debt to RF 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223, 316, 320–1, 323, 346n, 350n; DNA model-building 197–8, 201, 202;
The Double Helix
xx, 160fn, 163, 190, 193–4, 196, 204, 277, 311–15; double helix theory 197, 198; familiarity with King's work 196, 198–9, 210, 211—12, 314, 316–17; meetings with Wilkins 142–3, 161 , 189;
Nature
letter xix, 207, 210, 212; Nobel prize xx, 311, 325;
A Passion for DNA
315; and Pauling 187, 188–9, 193; personality 159, 182–3; and Randall 192–3; relations with RF 193–4, 240-i, 246, 262, 263, 290; relations with colleagues 182, 187, 194, 225–6; on RF xx, 163–4, 175fn, 193–4; scientific background 142; in USA 223, 225, 240–1, 253, 316; as virologist 177, 222, 230-1, 234, 235, 241, 253, 262–3, 268, 274; work on DNA xix-xx, 142, 164–5, 183, 188, 191–2, 196–9, 201-5, 224–5, 247; work on RNA 177, 182, 222, 234

Watt, James 256, 291, 37

Waugh, Evelyn 100

Weill, Adrienne 81, 84; arranges RF's post in Paris 85—6; on RF's emotional life 96–7, 168; RF's letters to 151, 155, 171–2, 205, 268, 302; RF's relations with 66–7, 73—4, 75, 83, 84, 90; scientific career 65—6, 88

Weill, Marianne 76, 81, 88

Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 227, 229

Wertheim, Margaret 134

West, Rebecca 10

What Is Life?
(Schrodinger) 122–3, 132, 142, 158

Wheatstone, Charles 127

Whitney, Mt 278

Wildman, Sam 246, 276

Wilkins, Maurice 111, 114, 129, 144, 160, 268, 281; appearance 146, 158; and Bernal 218; at conferences 141–2, 150, 153, 162, 275; and Crick and Watson's victory 205, 207, 211; debt to RF 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223; feud with RF xix, 150–1, 154–5, 161, 174, 184, 317; friendship with Crick 153, 157–8, 161, 174, 185, 194, 198, 207–8; as FRS 303; joins King's unit 132; meetings with Watson 142–3, 161, 189, 195–6; model-building 189, 198; Naples conference paper 141–2; Nobel prize xx, 311 , 323–4, 325; objections to Watson's book 311, 312, 350n; personal life 146–7, 158; personality 146, 147, 158, 159; on Randall 133; reputation 303; RF's antipathy to 135, 138, 140, 145–7, 148, 275; on RF's appearance 135; and RF's assignment to DNA research 130, 137; and RF's departure from King's xix, 189, 204; scientific background 146; virology work 290; work on DNA xx, 114, 129–30, 135, 136, 141–2, 150 152–5, 157, 162, 177, 185, 208, 210

Williams, Robley 268, 270, 281, 295

Wilson, Bryon 256, 261–2

Wilson, Herbert 185, 192, 210

Wilson, T.J. 312

Women's Volunteer Service 60

Wood's Hole, Cape Cod 239–40, 241, 275, 284

Working Men's College 20-i, 38, 39, 46, 81 , 145

World Peace Committee 219

World War I 10, 13

World War II 54–5, 58, 67, 70-i; air raids 80; Bernal in 218–19; Blitz 62, 67; D-Day landings 219; Dunkirk 59, 60; Hiroshima 82; internment 63; RAF bombing raids 71–2; technology 131

 

X-ray crystallography 47, 56–7, 87–8, 105, 120; apparatus 101, 113–14, 130, 143; Astbury diffraction patterns 200; Cavendish meetings 149; Cochran-Crick-Vand theory 171 , 187; diffraction of helices 171 ; diffraction of proteins 149, 159; DNA photographs 142, 152, 156; Ehrenberg-Spear tube 130, 143; and genetics 158;
International X-ray Tables
175; Patterson function analysis 168–70; radiation risks 101, 144, 271, 320; RF's Photograph 51 of B form DNA 178, 192, 196–8, 201, 212, 247, 316, 340n; RF's work with 96, 101, iii, 153–4, 221, 308; virus studies 234, 241, 243, 246, 249, 251, 253, 258–9, 268, 285, 291, 295, 305

 

Yale Review
313

Yale University 234, 246, 258

Yugoslavia 179–80, 226, 260

 

Zagreb 179–80, 237

Zermatt 297

Zionism 51, 81, 99, 226

About the Author

BRENDA MADDOX
is an award-winning biographer whose work has been translated into ten languages.
Nora: A Biography of Nora Joyce,
won the Los Angeles Times Biography Award, the Silver PEN Award, and the French
Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger.
Her life of D. H. Lawrence won the Whitbread Biography Award in 1974 and
Yeats's Ghosts,
on the married life of W. B. Yeats, was short-listed for the Samuel Johnson Prize in 1998. She has been Home Affairs Editor on
The Economist,
has served as chairman of the Association of British Science Writers, and is a member of the Royal Society's Science and Society Committee. She lives in London and Mid-Wales.

 

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Praise for
Rosalind Franklin

“A sensitive, sympathetic look at a woman whose life was greater than the sum if its parts.”

—
New York Times Book Review

 

“A captivating narrative. . . . Maddox's biography contextualises Rosalind's role in the DNA race in a beautifully crafted portrait . . . [and] captures the harshness of the world faced by Franklin and her generation and persuasively argues how it could be successfully fought by a strong mind and a courageous heart even in a tragically short life.”

—The Times
(London)

 

“Thoughtful and engaging.”

—
Chicago Tribune

 

“In this sympathetic biography, Maddox . . . illuminates her subject as a gifted scientist and a complex woman.”

—Publishers Weekly

 

“The Rosalind Franklin in Brenda Maddox's new biography is far too complex, too layered a personality, to fit comfortably into the role of feminist icon.”

—Houston Chronicle

 

“Poignant and pithy. . . . Maddox aims to set the record straight with an account of a complex, determined, and yes, at times difficult, woman. . . . She does justice to her subject as only the best biographers can.”

—Los Angeles Times Book Review

 

“A magnificent biography.”

—
Independent
(London)

 

“Maddox does an excellent job of revisiting Franklin's scientific contributions while revealing her complicated personality.”

—Library Journal Review

 

“A finely crafted biography . . . [and] a much-needed corrective to Watson's portrayal; biographer Maddox elucidates Franklin's vital contribution to the discovery of DNA's structure, elaborates on her scientific achievements in virology, and creates a viable portrait of her reserved but self-confident personality.”

—
Booklist

 

“An excellent biography. . . . Maddox's account of Franklin's last years and premature death is moving and poignant.”

—Women's Review of Books