Prohibition: Thirteen Years That Changed America (41 page)

7
. Among the more absurd changes, Judges ix, 13 became: “Shall I leave my juice that gladdens gods and men,” and “He distributed to the whole assembled multitude a roll of bread, a portion of meat, and a cake of raisins.”

1
. Everett S. Allen,
The Black Ships
, Little, Brown, 1965.

2
. Moet et Chandon exports to Canada:

1923 — 22,400 cases

1924 — 20,600 cases

1925— 6,900 cases

1926 — 11,700 cases

1927 — 11,600 cases

1928— 1,200 cases

1929 — 13,100 cases

Amounts fell markedly after the 1929 crash. After Prohibition ended, they only exceeded 1,000 cases for the year 1938.

3
. Roy A. Haynes,
Prohibition Inside Out
, Doubleday, 1926.

4
. Studs Terkel,
Hard Times
, Pantheon Books, 1970.

5
.
The Great Illusion
.

6
.
The Black Ships
.

7
. Ibid.

8
. New Bedford
Evening Standard
series on McCoy, August 9-12, 1921.

9
. David Kahn,
The Code Breakers
, Macmillan, 1967.

10
.
The Black Ships
.

11
. Aug. 13,1927, issue.

12
.
The Black Ships
.

13
. Interview with author.

1
.
Cincinnati Enquirer
, Sept. 8, 1921.

2
. “Booze” owed its name to an enterprising manufacturer called Edmund C. Booze, who for the 1840 presidential campaign marketed whisky in bottles shaped like log cabins.

3
.
Prohibition Inside Out
.

4
. Mabel Willebrandt,
The Inside of Prohibition
, Current News Features, 1929.

5
. Izzy Einstein,
Prohibition Agent Number 1
, Frederick Stokes Co. 1932.

6
. Slang term for French World War I soldier.

1
. Current News Features, 1929.

2
. My italics.

3
. My italics

4
. My italics.

5
. Although sometimes the “little people” got their own back. In Studs Terkel’s
Hard Times
, a working-class woman’s son reminisced: “A cop started coming around and gettin’ friendly. She knew he was workin’ up to a pinch. So, she prepares a bottle for him. He talked her into sellin’ it to him. He pinches her, takes her to court. He said:
‘I
bought this half a dog of a booze. Half a pint.’ The woman said: ‘How do you know it’s booze?’ The cop takes a swig of it and spits it out. It was urine. Case dismissed.”

6
.
Collier’s
, Sept. 10, 1949.

7
.
Wayne Wheeler: Dry Boss
.

8
. Thomas Kessner,
Fiorello La Guardia
, Penguin, 1989.

9
. Kenneth Allsop,
The Bootleggers
, Arlington House, 1968.

1
. Fletcher Dobyns,
The Underworld of American Politics
, Fletcher Dobyns Publishing, 1932.

2
. He owed this nickname to his diminutive size.

3
. Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan,
Lords of the Levee
, Garden City Publishing, 1943.

4
. In Chicago, Prohibition became effective in 1919.

5
. Martin A. Gosch and Richard Hammer,
The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano
, Little, Brown, 1974.

6
. Lloyd Wendt and Herbert Kogan,
Big Bill of Chicago
, Bobbs-Merrill, 1953.

7
. Ibid.

1
.
Cincinnati Enquirer
, Dec. 1-17, 1927.

2
.
Cincinnati Enquirer
, Dec. 1927.

3
.
Cincinnati Enquirer
, Dec. 1927.

1
.
Cincinnati Enquirer
, Dec. 1927.

2
. Years later, a
Cincinnati Times-Star
columnist, Jame L. Kilgallen, who had covered the trial for the International News Service agency, claimed that he had suggested this dramatic opening to Remus. He also recalled that there was, in fact, no empty chair: Conners’s wife was sitting in it.

1
.
Wayne Wheeler: Dry Boss
.

2
. Oswald Garrison Willard in
Nation
, Nov. 30, 1927.

3
. Virginius Dabney,
The Dry Messiah: The Life of Bishop Cannon
, Knopf, 1949. The speech, and an interview, appeared in the
Baltimore Sun
.

4
. In later life, she became a Catholic convert.

5
. Willebrandt herself had confirmed that on the night of Al Smith’s nomination, she had ordered extensive raids on New York’s major nightclubs and speakeasies.

6
.
The Dry Messiah
.

7
.
The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano
.

1
. The swing against Prohibition was not total. Pockets of resistance, the dry counties in what was once rural America, still exist; so does a tiny “Prohibition Party,” and drivers caught on certain Alabama or Georgia highways with liquor in their cars face huge fines unless the liquor is stored in the trunk, with the cap or seal intact.

2
. H. L. Mencken,
A Choice of Days
, Knopf, 1980.

3
. Quoted in Francis Ianni and Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni’s
Crime Society
, New American Library, 1976.

4
.
Fiorello La Guardia
.

5
.
The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano.

Adams, Samuel Hopkins.
The Incredible Era: The Life and Times of Warren Harding
. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1930.

Allen, Everett S.
The Black Ships
. New York: Little, Brown, 1965.

Allen, F. L.
Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s in America
. New York: Penguin, 1931.

Allsop, Kenneth.
The Bootleggers
. London: Arlington House, 1968.

Asbury, Herbert.
The Great Illusion
. New York: Doubleday, 1950.

Britton, Nan.
The President’s Daugter
. New York: Elizabeth Anne Guild, 1927.

Clark, Norman H.
Deliver Us from Evil
. New York: W. W. Norton, 1976.

_________.The Dry Tears
. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1965, revised ed. 1988.

Dabney, Virginius.
The Dry Messiah: The Life of Bishop Cannon
. New York: Knopf, 1949.

Dobyns, Fletcher.
The Underworld of American Politics
. New York: Fletcher Dobyns Publishing, 1932.

Edwards, Rev. Justin.
Temperance Manual
. New York: American Tract Society, 1847.

Einstein, Izzy.
Prohibition Agent Number 1
. New York: Frederick Stokes Co., 1932.

Gosch, Martin A., and Richard Hammer.
The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano
. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

Haynes, Roy A.
Prohibition Inside Out
. New York: Doubleday, 1926.

Ianni, Francis, and Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni.
Crime Society
. New York: New American Library, 1976.

Kahn, David.
The Code Breakers
. New York: Macmillan, 1967.

Kessner, Thomas.
Fiorello La Guardia
. New York: Penguin, 1989.

Kobler, John.
Ardent Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition
. New York: Putnam, 1973.

Lemert, Edwin M.
Alcohol and the Northwest Indians
. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1954.

Longworth, Alice Roosevelt.
The Crowded Hours
. New York: Scribners, 1933.

Mee, Charles.
The Ohio Gang
. New York: Evans and Co., 1981.

Mencken, H. L.
A Choice of Days
. New York: Knopf, 1980.

Rumberger, John J.
Profits, Power, and Prohibition
. New York: State University of New York Press, 1989.

Russell, Francis.
The Shadow of Blooming Grove
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Samuels, Rev. W. H.
Temperance Reform and Its Great Reformers
. Cincinnati: A. M. Cincinnati, 1879.

Sinclair, Andrew.
Prohibition: The Era of Excess
. Boston: Adantic, 1962.

Stewart, Justin.
Wayne Wheeler: Dry Boss
. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1928.

Terkel, Studs.
Hard Times
. New York: Pantheon Books, 1970.

Todzmann, Dr. Don Heinrich. “The Survival of an Ethnic Community:

The Cincinnati G ermans.” Ph.D. diss., Cincinnati University, 1983.

Wendt, Lloyd, and Herman Kogan.
Big Bill of Chicago
. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953.

_______. Lords of the Levee
. New York: Garden City Publishing, 1943.

Willebrandt, Mabel.
The Inside of Prohibition
. New York: Current News Features, 1929.

abolitionism (alcohol),
28
,
38–39

abolitionism (slavery),
29
,
31
,
234

absenteeism,
149

Adams, John,
10–11

advertising,
80

African Negroes,
53–54

alcohol, harmful effects of,
14–16
,
23–27
,
59

Alcohol Education Act (AEA),
51

alcoholism, deaths from,
147–48

Allen, Everett S.,
134
,
139–40
,
142

America:

cynicism about politicians,
239–41

history of drinking in,
7–11