Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (85 page)

of dissent and debate

mosque participants, 41-43 , 91 -92.
See
also
mosque lessons;
na of mosque partici. pants
(Abir; Amal; Fatma; Iman; Maryam; Mona; Nadia; Nama; Rabia; Umm Amal)

mosques.
See
Ayesha mosque; Nafi mosque;

Umar mosque

mueamalat
(social transactions), 45 , 46 Muhammed.
See
Prophet and his Companions Muslim Brotherhood, 62-64, 68, 71

Nadia (mosque participant), 168-74 Nafi mosque, 42-43 , 44-45 , 1 00-106,

140-44

Nama (mosque participant), 157-58, 159 Nasser, President Gamal Abdul, 62n. 50, 68
niqab.
See
veil

nonprofi religious organizations.
See
Islamic

nonprofi organizations outward behavior.
See
bodily form

patience. See
�abr

pedagogical literature, 79-82, 97-98 performative behavior.
See
bodily form performativity, 19, 161-67 personhood.
See
self; subject

piety/dd movement. See da /piety movement

political and ethical agency of the piety movement, 24-25 , 34-35 , 73-75, 152

political effects of the Islamist movement, 52- 53 , 11 8- 19 , 131 -34, 146-48, 192-94

politics

and agency, 34-35, 174, 183-84

and analytics of feminism, 10, 3 6-39,

158-60, 195-99

concepts of the body, 26-27, 146-48,

166-67

and ethics, 3 2-3 5, 152, 192-99

of identity, 45, 51 -52, 192-93
(See
als
identitarian politics and Islamic practices)

and modes of sociability, 73-76 normative subject of, 32-34

social conventions/norms in the
analysis

of, 24, 148-52

poststructuralist feminist theory, 17-22,

15 8-67.
See
also
feminist theory

pragmatic action, 126-28 prayer. See
�ala

preaching styles.
See
rhetorical styles of preaching

Prophet and his Companions, 31, 102, 1 04, 108-9.
See
also
Sunna

proselytization. See dd Protestant Christianity

debates about worship, 134-3 5 parallels with Sunni Islam, 1 73n. 19

relationship between body and soul, 135 protocols of dissent and debate

about canonical sources, 1 03-6

class diff rences and, 95-99, 1 09-10 regarding women's da 64-66 regarding female/male sexuality, 106-13

regarding individual choice, 85 , 90 regarding kinship responsibilities, 174-84,

186-87

talfiq
(doctrinal flexibility) , 81, 85-86 ,

88-9 1

See
also
juristic tradition

al.- Yusuf, 83 Quran

on
al..�aya',
156

on
amr bil maeruf,
59 on da 65

exegesis of, 103-4

on illicit sexual relations, 47n. 12, 1 10

on men as women's guardians, 65, 184n. 26 piety and fear ( taqwa) in, 143, 145

reciting, 93-94

on veiling/modesty, 100

See
also
canonical sources

Rabia (mosque participant), 104-5 Ramadan, 49-50

Raouf Ezzat, Heba.
See
Saad Eddin; Heba religious obligations
Cibada

and choice, 84-86

eibada
defi 46

and politics, 1 19-20, 122

women's role in, 65-66, 86-91

See
also
ritual;
�alat

resistance

�eminist literature on, 5- 10

and the piety/mosque movement, 24-25 , 34-35, 1 75-80

See
also
agency

rhetorical styles of preaching, 41-43 , 83-86,

91-97, 1 00-106, 140-45

Rida, Rahid, 61-62 ritual

and authentic emotions, 1 28-31, 145-48

folklorization of, 48-53 , 11 9

and inward dispositions, 13 1, 134-3 5

and politics, 11 9, 122, 148-5 2

and spontaneity, 128-3 1

See
also
bodily form; moral action; religious obligations;
�ala

ritual prayer. See
�ala RiyaQ. al..�ali�Yn,
83

Saad Eddin, Heba, 52, 53, 56 Sabiq, Sayyid, 80n.2

�abr (patience/fortitude), 1 70-74, 186 sacred texts.
See
canonical sources

al.- l). al.- amiyya.
See
Islamic Revival

�ala
(ritual prayer), 122-26, 13 1 -34

and creation of dispositions, 135, 145

different conceptions of, 1 24-26, 131 -34

�alii
(ritual prayer)
(cont.)

as means and end, 133

nationalist view of, 11 8-19, 13 1-34 parallels in Protestant Christianity,

134-35

women leading, 86-91

weeping in, 1 29-31, 145

See
also
religious obligations; ritual

Sana ( critic of the piety movement), 17 1-74 secular.- govern 35, 75-77, 194 secular liberalism

Islamism and, 34-35, 189-92 as life form, 19 1-92

and modes of sociability, 73-76 and the postcolonial state, 76-78 and regulation of the veil, 74-75 and religiosity, 74-75, 77-78

secularism/secularization
Calmana
or

"almaniyya)

different meanings of, 47-48 and the Egyptian state,
76-78

piety movement's challenge to, 47-48 and proliferation of religious discourse,

79-83

mosque movement's interpretation of, 4, 44-45 , 48-52

and the
sharta,
14n.47

as
a sociability/lifestyle, 44-48, 73-75 and state regulation of religion, 74-78

self

anthropological approaches to, 120 communitarian discussions of, 150-5 1 politics and architecture of, 148-52 potentiality of, 31, 147, 148-49, 159, 166 in Romantic thought, 129n

self..formation

and bodily form, 1 20-2 1 emotions as means to, 1 40-48 exemplary models in, 146-48 norms/virtues in, 22-27

and performativity, 161-67 through ritual action, 13 4-3 9

See
also
bodily form; bodily practice;

interiority/exteriority; self; subject

sex segregation.
See
male..female interactions sexuality.
See
female sexuality

Shafi school, 81n.4, 87, 88
shart
a.
See
Islamic law shyness.
See
modesty

sociability, modes of, 73-76

societal obligations
(far4 al..kifaya),
62, 64 Society of Muslim Ladies (Jamaeat al.-

al.- ), 67-68, 73

socioeconomic composition of mosque move.. ment, 41-43, 83-85 , 91-97 , 107- 10,

138n.30

Starrett, Gregory, 139n state.
See
Egyptian state

Strathem, Marilyn, 12 1n.5 , 133-34, 190-9 1 subject

and agency, 32

Butler on, 18-19, 161-67

and ethics, 2 8-29 Foucault on, 17 , 12 1n.3 humanist, 154-55

perforrn in formation of, 19, 16 1-67

and politics, 14, 3 1-34, 166-67

and reflexivity, 32, 54-55, 146-48,

150-5 2

tradition and, 11 5-16

See
also
self; self..formation subjectivation, 1 7, 20n, 28�3 1 subversion.
See
resistance Sunna, 46, 57n.32

takhwrf.
See
fear of God

talfrq
(doctrinal flexibility ), 81, 85-86 , 88-91 Tambiah, Stanley, 13 1 n

taq
(piety), 1 22-23, 145.
See
also
fear of God

Targoff Ramie, 134-35

ta .
See
fear of God Taylor, Charles, 150, 192 Taymiyya, Ibn, 61n.43 theatricality.
See
bodily form tradition

common uses of, 1 13-14

as discursive formation, 1 14-16 literacy and the practice of, 95-98 Talal Asad on, 1 14-1 7

Turn Victor, 128

eulama'
(religious scholars), 64

Umar mosque, 40-41 , 45-47, 83-91, 95,

107-10

Umm Amal ( mosque participant), 142-43 Umm Faris
(da

protocols of
dissent and debate,
97-99

rhetorical style, 92-95

on "trading" with God, 94-96 trajectory as dit
iy
a, 92

use of canonical sources, 95-97

veil

bans on, 74-75

in colonial discourse, 54n. 26 customary versus virtuous practice,

50-52

diverse forms of
(}:tijab, khimar, niqab},

41-43

and female sexuality, 11 0- 11

}:t jab,
SOn

Islamic debates about, 23-24, 50-53, 56,

101-3, 160-6 1

as means to piety, 23-24, 50-5 1, 157-5 8,

160-6 1

Quran on, 100-101 , 107n.40 literature on resurgence of, 15-1 6 as symbol of identity, 52-53

as symbol of women's oppression, 195

virtue

Aristotle on, 27, 136, 139 Kant on, 25 n.43

adverbial, 145.
See
als
ethics

waci:;at,
65 , 67. See also
dzl

weeping during prayer, 129-3 1

criticism of, 146-48

welfare organizations.
See
Islamic nonprofi organizations

Western perceptions of Islam, 4-5 , 189-90, 195

western
See
secularism/secularization

women's activism in Egypt, 68-69 women's agency.
See
agency

women's dd See
l.Utiyli ;
dd ; dd ty movement; mosque movement

women preachers. See
clit

working women, challenges for, 99, 107,

155-5 6

worship.
See
religious obligations