Passing Strange (58 page)
Authors: Martha A. Sandweiss
25
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
27
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
29
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
“ ‘Bloods’ Hid Scion’s Love,” 9.
30
Ibid.
Ibid.
31
Ibid.
Ibid.
33
Ibid., 426; Sacks, “ ‘We Cry,’ ” 64-65.
Ibid., 426; Sacks, “ ‘We Cry,’ ” 64-65.
34
“Race Riot on West Side,”
New York Times,
Aug. 16, 1900, 1; “Police in Control in Riotous District,”
New York Times,
Aug. 17, 1900, 2.
“Race Riot on West Side,”
New York Times,
Aug. 16, 1900, 1; “Police in Control in Riotous District,”
New York Times,
Aug. 17, 1900, 2.
36
“Rias Body, Ex-Slave,” WPA interview, Apr. 9, 1946, “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938,” Library of Congress American Memory Web site.
“Rias Body, Ex-Slave,” WPA interview, Apr. 9, 1946, “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938,” Library of Congress American Memory Web site.
38
Wilkins,
King,
407-8; King to S. F. Emmons, 28 Dec. 1900, box 12, S.F. Emmons Papers, LC; Henry M. Adkinson to J. D. Hague, 22 Aug. 1904, A1, King Papers, HEH.
Wilkins,
King,
407-8; King to S. F. Emmons, 28 Dec. 1900, box 12, S.F. Emmons Papers, LC; Henry M. Adkinson to J. D. Hague, 22 Aug. 1904, A1, King Papers, HEH.
39
HA to Elizabeth Cameron, 3 Mar. 1901,
Letters of Henry Adams,
5:213; ibid., 22 Apr. 1901, 224; Wilkins,
King,
408-9; JH to HA, 7 May 1901,
Letters of John Hay,
3:207; Adams,
Education,
395; S. F. Emmons, Diary, 20 Apr. 1901, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
HA to Elizabeth Cameron, 3 Mar. 1901,
Letters of Henry Adams,
5:213; ibid., 22 Apr. 1901, 224; Wilkins,
King,
408-9; JH to HA, 7 May 1901,
Letters of John Hay,
3:207; Adams,
Education,
395; S. F. Emmons, Diary, 20 Apr. 1901, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
40
“Mammy Bares Life,” 3-4.
“Mammy Bares Life,” 3-4.
41
“Negro Woman Sues,” 2.
“Negro Woman Sues,” 2.
42
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 169. All legal citations in this chapter are to
King v. Peabody et al.
unless otherwise noted.
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 169. All legal citations in this chapter are to
King v. Peabody et al.
unless otherwise noted.
43
Ibid.; “Negro Woman Sues.” Research has failed to locate Logan School: Andrew Rodger, Library and Archives Canada, e-mail correspondence to author Sept. 20, 2004. On King and the Canadian mining interests of the War Eagle Consolidated Company, see “Shareholders Re-elect the Old Management to Office,”
Toronto Globe,
Feb. 22, 1900, 7; citation courtesy of Andrew Rodger.
Ibid.; “Negro Woman Sues.” Research has failed to locate Logan School: Andrew Rodger, Library and Archives Canada, e-mail correspondence to author Sept. 20, 2004. On King and the Canadian mining interests of the War Eagle Consolidated Company, see “Shareholders Re-elect the Old Management to Office,”
Toronto Globe,
Feb. 22, 1900, 7; citation courtesy of Andrew Rodger.
44
See Robin W. Winks,
The Blacks in Canada: A History,
2nd ed. (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1997), esp. 288-320, 331-32, 362-76, 484-96. Ada Todd and her children lived in Toronto for less than a year, and I have been unable to find a trace of them in city records.
See Robin W. Winks,
The Blacks in Canada: A History,
2nd ed. (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1997), esp. 288-320, 331-32, 362-76, 484-96. Ada Todd and her children lived in Toronto for less than a year, and I have been unable to find a trace of them in city records.
45
JH to HA, 9 Aug. 1901,
Letters of John Hay,
3:222-23; Hay quotes from King’s letter. See also Wilkins,
King,
409.
JH to HA, 9 Aug. 1901,
Letters of John Hay,
3:222-23; Hay quotes from King’s letter. See also Wilkins,
King,
409.
48
Ibid.
Ibid.
49
Ibid.
Ibid.
52
Ibid.
Ibid.
55
CK to JH, 30 Nov. 1885, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 30 Nov. 1885, Hay Collection, Brown.
56
Ibid., 28 July 1887.
Ibid., 28 July 1887.
57
Ibid., 4 July 1886.
Ibid., 4 July 1886.
59
CK to JH, 12 Aug. [1888], Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 12 Aug. [1888], Hay Collection, Brown.
60
[H. Lay ?] to James D. Hague, 18 Dec. 1903, box 2, A3, King Papers, HEH.
[H. Lay ?] to James D. Hague, 18 Dec. 1903, box 2, A3, King Papers, HEH.
68
George Wharton James, “Clarence King,” 34.
George Wharton James, “Clarence King,” 34.
69
Emmons, Diary, 15-21 Oct. 1901, box 4, S.F. Emmons Papers, LC.
Emmons, Diary, 15-21 Oct. 1901, box 4, S.F. Emmons Papers, LC.
70
Defendant’s Exhibit C, Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 171.
Defendant’s Exhibit C, Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 171.
71
Ada apparently turned the letter, or a copy of it, over to James T. Gardiner and his associates after her husband’s death. See Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 165.
Ada apparently turned the letter, or a copy of it, over to James T. Gardiner and his associates after her husband’s death. See Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 165.
72
See Defendant’s Exhibit N, Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 166.
See Defendant’s Exhibit N, Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 166.
73
Ibid., 167.
Ibid., 167.
74
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 165.
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 165.
75
Ibid., 166.
Ibid., 166.
77
HA to JH, 2 Nov. 1901,
Letters of Henry Adams,
5:308; S. F. Emmons to J. D. Hague, rc’d 18 Dec. 1901, box 1, King Papers, HEH.
HA to JH, 2 Nov. 1901,
Letters of Henry Adams,
5:308; S. F. Emmons to J. D. Hague, rc’d 18 Dec. 1901, box 1, King Papers, HEH.
78
Charles Walcott to S. F. Emmons, 3 Oct. 1901, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.; Arthur T. Hadley to Charles Walcott, 25 Sept. 1901, ibid.
Charles Walcott to S. F. Emmons, 3 Oct. 1901, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.; Arthur T. Hadley to Charles Walcott, 25 Sept. 1901, ibid.
79
In the James D. Hague Papers (box 12, M16) at the Huntington Library is a telegram from King to Hague dated 2 Oct. 1901, which is clipped to an undated note to Hague that conveys these directions for Gardiner. That the letter was written at about the same time as the telegram seems likely but is not certain.
In the James D. Hague Papers (box 12, M16) at the Huntington Library is a telegram from King to Hague dated 2 Oct. 1901, which is clipped to an undated note to Hague that conveys these directions for Gardiner. That the letter was written at about the same time as the telegram seems likely but is not certain.
80
Plaintiff ’s Trial Memorandum, 110.
Plaintiff ’s Trial Memorandum, 110.
81
JH to S. F. Emmons, 15 Dec. 1901, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
JH to S. F. Emmons, 15 Dec. 1901, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
84
G. W. Middleton to S. F. Emmons, 5 Apr. 1902, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
G. W. Middleton to S. F. Emmons, 5 Apr. 1902, box 12, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
88
James T. Gardiner to James D. Hague [telegram], 24 Dec. 1901, Hague Papers, HEH; “Standard Certificate of Death” [for Clarance [
sic
] King, d. Dec. 24, 1901],
http://genealogy.az.gov/azdeath/006/10060764.pdf
(accessed Aug. 18, 2007).
James T. Gardiner to James D. Hague [telegram], 24 Dec. 1901, Hague Papers, HEH; “Standard Certificate of Death” [for Clarance [
sic
] King, d. Dec. 24, 1901],
http://genealogy.az.gov/azdeath/006/10060764.pdf
(accessed Aug. 18, 2007).
90
Wilkins,
King,
411; King Certificate of Death; Arizona State Board of Health, “Certificate of Death for Robert Wallace Craig,” filed 13 July 1933 (state file no. 152V, registration no. 900).
Wilkins,
King,
411; King Certificate of Death; Arizona State Board of Health, “Certificate of Death for Robert Wallace Craig,” filed 13 July 1933 (state file no. 152V, registration no. 900).
91
[King], “Style and the Monument,” 443-44.
[King], “Style and the Monument,” 443-44.
93
J. D. Hague to James T. Gardiner, 6 Jan. 1902, Letter Book L-27, Hague Papers, HEH; Gardiner to Hague [telegram], 24 Dec. 1901, Hague Papers, HEH.
J. D. Hague to James T. Gardiner, 6 Jan. 1902, Letter Book L-27, Hague Papers, HEH; Gardiner to Hague [telegram], 24 Dec. 1901, Hague Papers, HEH.
94
In August 1912 Townsley, now a colonel, was appointed superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point. See “Army Orders,”
Washington Post,
Aug. 21, 1912, 6; “Will Rule at West Point,”
Washington Post,
Aug. 21, 1912, 6. After four years at West Point, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1916 and shortly thereafter assumed command of the army in the Canal Zone in Panama. He died in 1926. See “Promotions in Army,”
Washington Post,
July 4, 1916; “Army Orders,”
Washington Post,
Sept. 7, 1917, 6; “General Townsley Rests at West Point,”
New York Times,
Jan. 1, 1927, 4.
In August 1912 Townsley, now a colonel, was appointed superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point. See “Army Orders,”
Washington Post,
Aug. 21, 1912, 6; “Will Rule at West Point,”
Washington Post,
Aug. 21, 1912, 6. After four years at West Point, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1916 and shortly thereafter assumed command of the army in the Canal Zone in Panama. He died in 1926. See “Promotions in Army,”
Washington Post,
July 4, 1916; “Army Orders,”
Washington Post,
Sept. 7, 1917, 6; “General Townsley Rests at West Point,”
New York Times,
Jan. 1, 1927, 4.
97
See King’s comments on the draft of the biographical entry about him that Hague had prepared for
Appletons’,
box 1, A1, King Papers, HEH.
See King’s comments on the draft of the biographical entry about him that Hague had prepared for
Appletons’,
box 1, A1, King Papers, HEH.
98
FKH to J. D. Hague, 27 July [1904?], box 2, A3, King Papers, HEH.
FKH to J. D. Hague, 27 July [1904?], box 2, A3, King Papers, HEH.
99
Brownell, “King at the Century,” in Hague,
Memoirs,
219;
American Heritage Dictionary,
s.v. “Paradox.”
Brownell, “King at the Century,” in Hague,
Memoirs,
219;
American Heritage Dictionary,
s.v. “Paradox.”
103
J. D. Hague, Letter Book L27, 527, Hague Papers, HEH. Hague’s notes indicate two other pallbearers, identified only as Olyphant and Gould.
J. D. Hague, Letter Book L27, 527, Hague Papers, HEH. Hague’s notes indicate two other pallbearers, identified only as Olyphant and Gould.
104
Poet Edmund Clarence Stedman as quoted in [JTG], “Clarence King’s Boyhood,” King Papers, HEH.
Poet Edmund Clarence Stedman as quoted in [JTG], “Clarence King’s Boyhood,” King Papers, HEH.
105
“Funeral of Clarence King,”
New York Times,
Jan. 2, 1902, 7; Emmons, Diary, 1, 2 Jan. 1902, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC; Wilkins,
King,
411. On King’s gravesite, see Robert Wilson, “Looking for Newport’s Own,”
Preservation
(Jan./Feb. 2006): 18-19, 61.
“Funeral of Clarence King,”
New York Times,
Jan. 2, 1902, 7; Emmons, Diary, 1, 2 Jan. 1902, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC; Wilkins,
King,
411. On King’s gravesite, see Robert Wilson, “Looking for Newport’s Own,”
Preservation
(Jan./Feb. 2006): 18-19, 61.
CHAPTER 9: ON HER OWN
2
Memorandum for Defendants,
King v. Peabody et al.
(file no. 26821-1931; Records of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County Clerk’s Office), 35. All legal citations in this chapter are to
King v. Peabody et al.
unless otherwise noted.
Memorandum for Defendants,
King v. Peabody et al.
(file no. 26821-1931; Records of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County Clerk’s Office), 35. All legal citations in this chapter are to
King v. Peabody et al.
unless otherwise noted.
3
“Slot Machine Room Raided,”
New York Times,
Dec. 4, 1900, 3; “Notes of the Campaign,”
New York Times,
Oct. 8, 1900, 2; “Yesterday’s Fires,”
New York Times,
Nov. 24, 1897, 3; 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Manhattan, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 684, sheet 14.
“Slot Machine Room Raided,”
New York Times,
Dec. 4, 1900, 3; “Notes of the Campaign,”
New York Times,
Oct. 8, 1900, 2; “Yesterday’s Fires,”
New York Times,
Nov. 24, 1897, 3; 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Manhattan, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 684, sheet 14.
4
1900 U.S. Federal Census, Manhattan, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 684, sheet 14. The “Mannel Coopland” listed in the Manhattan census of 1880 would seem to be the same man as the “Emanuel Copeland” listed in the 1900 census, sharing the same birthplace and approximate date of birth. See 1880 U.S. Federal Census, New York City, New York, SD 1, ED 570, 25. For the Virginia-born black Copelands residing in Harris County, Georgia, in 1870, see the summary of census data,
http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=0&gsfn=&gsln=copeland&sx=&f5=GA&f4=&f7=&f21=virginia& rg_81004011_ _date = &rs_81004011_ _date = 0&f15 = Colored&f28 = &gskw= &prox=1&db = 1870usfedcen&ti=5542&ti.si= 0&gl= &gss =IMAGE&gst= &so =3
(accessed Oct. 10, 2006).
1900 U.S. Federal Census, Manhattan, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 684, sheet 14. The “Mannel Coopland” listed in the Manhattan census of 1880 would seem to be the same man as the “Emanuel Copeland” listed in the 1900 census, sharing the same birthplace and approximate date of birth. See 1880 U.S. Federal Census, New York City, New York, SD 1, ED 570, 25. For the Virginia-born black Copelands residing in Harris County, Georgia, in 1870, see the summary of census data,
http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=0&gsfn=&gsln=copeland&sx=&f5=GA&f4=&f7=&f21=virginia& rg_81004011_ _date = &rs_81004011_ _date = 0&f15 = Colored&f28 = &gskw= &prox=1&db = 1870usfedcen&ti=5542&ti.si= 0&gl= &gss =IMAGE&gst= &so =3
(accessed Oct. 10, 2006).
5
“Negro Woman Sues,” 2.
“Negro Woman Sues,” 2.
7
Defendants’ memorandum, 34-35; Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 33, passim.
Defendants’ memorandum, 34-35; Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum, 33, passim.
8
“Howard Dutcher Sues for Divorce,”
New York Times,
Jan. 9, 1909, 5; “Mexican Coal & Coke Company” [advertisement],
New York Times,
Feb. 24, 1902.
“Howard Dutcher Sues for Divorce,”
New York Times,
Jan. 9, 1909, 5; “Mexican Coal & Coke Company” [advertisement],
New York Times,
Feb. 24, 1902.
9
“Howard Dutcher Sues,” 5.
“Howard Dutcher Sues,” 5.
10
“Widow Tells of Ceremony and Children,” 1-2.
“Widow Tells of Ceremony and Children,” 1-2.
11
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum Relating to the Existence of the Trust, 5, 7.
Plaintiff’s Trial Memorandum Relating to the Existence of the Trust, 5, 7.
12
Ibid., 5; Memorandum for Defendants, 54-55. For the legal transactions surrounding this piece of property, see Queens County Register, Jamaica, Queens, Deeds, Queens County, Liber 1307, 449 (Lena York to Howard Dutcher, 13 July 1903), and Deeds, Queens County, Liber 1313, 227 (Howard Dutcher to James T. Gardiner, 11 Sept. 1903). The house still stands and has been renumbered as 137-55 Kalmia Avenue.
Ibid., 5; Memorandum for Defendants, 54-55. For the legal transactions surrounding this piece of property, see Queens County Register, Jamaica, Queens, Deeds, Queens County, Liber 1307, 449 (Lena York to Howard Dutcher, 13 July 1903), and Deeds, Queens County, Liber 1313, 227 (Howard Dutcher to James T. Gardiner, 11 Sept. 1903). The house still stands and has been renumbered as 137-55 Kalmia Avenue.
13
Plaintiff ’s Trial Memorandum, 7.
Plaintiff ’s Trial Memorandum, 7.
15
Description of house interior from Patricia Chacon, personal communication with author, Wilmington, NC, June 20, 2006.
Description of house interior from Patricia Chacon, personal communication with author, Wilmington, NC, June 20, 2006.
16
Harry Herbert Crosby relates this story in his 1953 Stanford University Ph.D. dissertation, “So Deep a Trail: A Biography of Clarence King” (p. 359), citing a personal communication from Mrs. C. S. Fayerweather, 21 Oct. 1951. Dr. Crosby reports that he no longer has a copy of this document. The story about the Gardiner servants may be apocryphal. Surviving census records list only white servants in the Gardiner household: housekeepers from Virginia and Canada, and a nursemaid from Switzerland. Since the story first surfaced some twenty years after King’s secret life became public knowledge, its particulars may be burnished by the imperfections of memory and the human desire to be party to the drama of the past. Information on the Gardiner family’s white servants comes from the 1900 U.S. Federal Census, where the family appears under “Gardner” in the Manhattan census, SD 1, ED 689 (accessed on
Ancestry.com
, Apr. 20, 2004).
Harry Herbert Crosby relates this story in his 1953 Stanford University Ph.D. dissertation, “So Deep a Trail: A Biography of Clarence King” (p. 359), citing a personal communication from Mrs. C. S. Fayerweather, 21 Oct. 1951. Dr. Crosby reports that he no longer has a copy of this document. The story about the Gardiner servants may be apocryphal. Surviving census records list only white servants in the Gardiner household: housekeepers from Virginia and Canada, and a nursemaid from Switzerland. Since the story first surfaced some twenty years after King’s secret life became public knowledge, its particulars may be burnished by the imperfections of memory and the human desire to be party to the drama of the past. Information on the Gardiner family’s white servants comes from the 1900 U.S. Federal Census, where the family appears under “Gardner” in the Manhattan census, SD 1, ED 689 (accessed on
Ancestry.com
, Apr. 20, 2004).
18
S. F. Emmons, Diary, 26-30 Dec. 1901, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
S. F. Emmons, Diary, 26-30 Dec. 1901, box 4, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
19
R. W. Raymond to J. D. Hague, 17 Jan. 1902, A3, King Papers, HEH.
R. W. Raymond to J. D. Hague, 17 Jan. 1902, A3, King Papers, HEH.
21
HA to J. D. Hague, 14 Oct. 1903, Biographical Papers, A2, King Papers, HEH. The handwritten draft of Adams’s essay can be found here as well.
HA to J. D. Hague, 14 Oct. 1903, Biographical Papers, A2, King Papers, HEH. The handwritten draft of Adams’s essay can be found here as well.
22
The original draft of Hay’s essay is in A2, King Papers, HEH.
The original draft of Hay’s essay is in A2, King Papers, HEH.
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