Passing Strange (55 page)
Authors: Martha A. Sandweiss
70
King, “Bancroft’s Native Races of the Pacific States,” 165.
King, “Bancroft’s Native Races of the Pacific States,” 165.
CHAPTER 6 : FAMILY LIVES
1
The earliest recorded date of Ada’s residence here is on the 1891 birth certificate for Ada’s second child, Grace Margaret. On the geography of Brooklyn’s black community, see Seth M. Scheiner,
Negro Mecca: A History of the Negro in New York City, 1865-1920
(New York: New York University Press, 1965), 22-25.
The earliest recorded date of Ada’s residence here is on the 1891 birth certificate for Ada’s second child, Grace Margaret. On the geography of Brooklyn’s black community, see Seth M. Scheiner,
Negro Mecca: A History of the Negro in New York City, 1865-1920
(New York: New York University Press, 1965), 22-25.
3
“A City Survey: The Condition of Brooklyn’s Streets and Houses,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
May 9, 1885, 1.
“A City Survey: The Condition of Brooklyn’s Streets and Houses,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
May 9, 1885, 1.
4
[Sanborn Map Company Insurance Maps of New York], Atlas 66, New York (City), Brooklyn, vol. 2, 1887, sheet 42, Map Division, New York Public Library.
[Sanborn Map Company Insurance Maps of New York], Atlas 66, New York (City), Brooklyn, vol. 2, 1887, sheet 42, Map Division, New York Public Library.
5
Craig Steven Wilder,
A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 118. On the Navy Yard, see
Rand McNally Guide
(1895), 195.
Craig Steven Wilder,
A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 118. On the Navy Yard, see
Rand McNally Guide
(1895), 195.
6
“A City Survey,” 1.
“A City Survey,” 1.
7
See the Sanborn map and “A City Survey,” 1.
See the Sanborn map and “A City Survey,” 1.
8
See, for example, “A Birthday Social,”
New York Age,
Jan. 28, 1888, 2; “Brooklyn Briefs,”
New York Age,
May 19, 1888, 3; and Johnson,
Along This Way,
202.
See, for example, “A Birthday Social,”
New York Age,
Jan. 28, 1888, 2; “Brooklyn Briefs,”
New York Age,
May 19, 1888, 3; and Johnson,
Along This Way,
202.
10
“Relief Asked from Alleged Nuisances in Hudson Avenue,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 3, 1891, 4; “No Rioting: The Police Say That Hudson Avenue Is Peaceful,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 7, 1891, 4; “Hudson Avenue at Peace,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 8, 1891, 2.
“Relief Asked from Alleged Nuisances in Hudson Avenue,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 3, 1891, 4; “No Rioting: The Police Say That Hudson Avenue Is Peaceful,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 7, 1891, 4; “Hudson Avenue at Peace,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
Aug. 8, 1891, 2.
12
The Reverend Richard S. Storrs, as quoted in Alan Trachtenberg,
Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol,
2nd ed. (1965; repr., University of Chicago Press, 1979), 124.
The Reverend Richard S. Storrs, as quoted in Alan Trachtenberg,
Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol,
2nd ed. (1965; repr., University of Chicago Press, 1979), 124.
13
“The Traffic of the Cable Railway on the New York and Brooklyn Bridge,”
Manufacturer and Builder
21 (Feb. 1889): 32.
“The Traffic of the Cable Railway on the New York and Brooklyn Bridge,”
Manufacturer and Builder
21 (Feb. 1889): 32.
15
King is listed as a resident of the Hotel Albert in the “New York City Directory, 1890,”
http://search.ancestrylibrary.com
/cgi-bin /sse.dll?rank= 0 & gsfn = & gsln=king& gskw=11th& prox=1& db=nyc1890&ti=5542&ti.si=0&gss=angs-d&ct=170103 (accessed Aug. 5, 2007).
King is listed as a resident of the Hotel Albert in the “New York City Directory, 1890,”
http://search.ancestrylibrary.com
/cgi-bin /sse.dll?rank= 0 & gsfn = & gsln=king& gskw=11th& prox=1& db=nyc1890&ti=5542&ti.si=0&gss=angs-d&ct=170103 (accessed Aug. 5, 2007).
16
“New York City Directory, 1890”; “Hotel Albert” (display ad),
New York Times,
Apr. 29, 1890, 7; “Death of Albert S. Rosenbaum,”
New York Times,
Feb. 18, 1894, 7; “Obituary Notes: Arthur P. Yorston,”
New York Times,
May 1, 1903, 9; “Business Troubles: New York City: Yorston Brothers,”
New York Times,
Feb. 17, 1898, 5; “Death List of a Day: Gilbert K. Harroun,”
New York Times,
Sept. 14, 1901, 7; “Western Merchants Organize,”
New York Times,
Aug. 13, 1889, 2; “Educational Institutions: Miss Minnie Swayze,”
New York Times,
Aug. 24, 1895, 9; “Is This Another Suicide?”
New York Times,
Dec. 15, 1890, 1; “Did Not Pay His Hotel Bill,”
New York Times,
Oct. 19, 1890, 16.
“New York City Directory, 1890”; “Hotel Albert” (display ad),
New York Times,
Apr. 29, 1890, 7; “Death of Albert S. Rosenbaum,”
New York Times,
Feb. 18, 1894, 7; “Obituary Notes: Arthur P. Yorston,”
New York Times,
May 1, 1903, 9; “Business Troubles: New York City: Yorston Brothers,”
New York Times,
Feb. 17, 1898, 5; “Death List of a Day: Gilbert K. Harroun,”
New York Times,
Sept. 14, 1901, 7; “Western Merchants Organize,”
New York Times,
Aug. 13, 1889, 2; “Educational Institutions: Miss Minnie Swayze,”
New York Times,
Aug. 24, 1895, 9; “Is This Another Suicide?”
New York Times,
Dec. 15, 1890, 1; “Did Not Pay His Hotel Bill,”
New York Times,
Oct. 19, 1890, 16.
18
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902, box 35, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902, box 35, S. F. Emmons Papers, LC.
20
CK to JH, 12 Aug. [1888], Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 12 Aug. [1888], Hay Collection, Brown.
21
Ibid., 5 Nov. 1888.
Ibid., 5 Nov. 1888.
22
King complained about his “densely gouty state” to Hay, ibid., July 1888.
King complained about his “densely gouty state” to Hay, ibid., July 1888.
24
HA to JH, 4 Aug. 1887, in
The Letters of Henry Adams,
ed. J. C. Levenson et al. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard, 1982-1988), 3:71.
HA to JH, 4 Aug. 1887, in
The Letters of Henry Adams,
ed. J. C. Levenson et al. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard, 1982-1988), 3:71.
25
CK to Clara Stone Hay, 30 Dec. 1887, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to Clara Stone Hay, 30 Dec. 1887, Hay Collection, Brown.
26
The possibility of an undiagnosed tubercular infection is raised by King’s later death from pulmonary tuberculosis. On spinal TB, see Robert F. McLain, M.D., and Carlos Isada, M.D., “Spinal Tuberculosis Deserves a Place on the Radar Screen,”
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
71, no. 7 ( July 2004): 537-49. Nonetheless, the progression of the disease would seem to be too slow for spinal TB to be the source of his problem.
The possibility of an undiagnosed tubercular infection is raised by King’s later death from pulmonary tuberculosis. On spinal TB, see Robert F. McLain, M.D., and Carlos Isada, M.D., “Spinal Tuberculosis Deserves a Place on the Radar Screen,”
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
71, no. 7 ( July 2004): 537-49. Nonetheless, the progression of the disease would seem to be too slow for spinal TB to be the source of his problem.
27
On pilonidal cysts, see
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pilonidal-cyst/DS00747/DSECTION=1
(accessed July 19, 2007). Thanks to Dr. Ralph Bransky.
On pilonidal cysts, see
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pilonidal-cyst/DS00747/DSECTION=1
(accessed July 19, 2007). Thanks to Dr. Ralph Bransky.
28
CK to JH, 12 Nov. 1888; CK to JH, n.d. Dec. 1888; Hay Collection, Brown. On the Arlington Hotel, see Ann L. Greene, “The Arlington Hotel: An Arkansas Institution, 1875-1945,”
The Record
(Garland County Historical Society, 1996): 1-22 (citation courtesy of Wendy Richter).
CK to JH, 12 Nov. 1888; CK to JH, n.d. Dec. 1888; Hay Collection, Brown. On the Arlington Hotel, see Ann L. Greene, “The Arlington Hotel: An Arkansas Institution, 1875-1945,”
The Record
(Garland County Historical Society, 1996): 1-22 (citation courtesy of Wendy Richter).
29
HA to JH, 1 June 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:177-78; CK to JH, 2 Oct. 1889, Hay Collection, Brown; JH to HA, 21 Sept. 1889,
Letters of John Hay,
2:176; HA to Lucy Baxter, 10 Oct. 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:202; HA to Sir Robert Cunliffe, 20 Oct. 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:204 ; JH to HA, 22 Oct. 1889,
Letters of John Hay,
2:180-81.
HA to JH, 1 June 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:177-78; CK to JH, 2 Oct. 1889, Hay Collection, Brown; JH to HA, 21 Sept. 1889,
Letters of John Hay,
2:176; HA to Lucy Baxter, 10 Oct. 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:202; HA to Sir Robert Cunliffe, 20 Oct. 1889,
Letters of Henry Adams,
3:204 ; JH to HA, 22 Oct. 1889,
Letters of John Hay,
2:180-81.
31
CK to JH, 2 Oct. 1889, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 2 Oct. 1889, Hay Collection, Brown.
32
I have been unable to locate a copy of Leroy’s birth certificate. His date of birth is roughly affirmed by the confirmed date of birth for the Todds’ second child in January 1891. Ada refers to Leroy in “Mammy Bares Life,” 3-4.
I have been unable to locate a copy of Leroy’s birth certificate. His date of birth is roughly affirmed by the confirmed date of birth for the Todds’ second child in January 1891. Ada refers to Leroy in “Mammy Bares Life,” 3-4.
34
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
35
CK to JH, 2 Mar. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 2 Mar. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
36
On George S. Howland’s life and career as a painter, see
Quarter Centenary Record of the Class of 1888: Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University,
comp. Percey F. Smith (New Haven, CT: Printed for the class, 1915), 114; Edward S. Moore, comp.,
Forty-Year Book of the Class of 1888: Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University
(New Haven, CT: Printed for the class, 1929), 82-87; Edward F. R. Wood Jr.,
Old Mattapoisett: A Summer Portrait
(Mattapoisett, MA: Quadequina Publishers, 1995), 156-59; “George Howland Dies at French Resort,”
New York Times,
Sept. 16, 1928, 37. Howland moved to France in the mid-1890s and remained there until his death in 1928. Citations courtesy of Neilson Abeel.
On George S. Howland’s life and career as a painter, see
Quarter Centenary Record of the Class of 1888: Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University,
comp. Percey F. Smith (New Haven, CT: Printed for the class, 1915), 114; Edward S. Moore, comp.,
Forty-Year Book of the Class of 1888: Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University
(New Haven, CT: Printed for the class, 1929), 82-87; Edward F. R. Wood Jr.,
Old Mattapoisett: A Summer Portrait
(Mattapoisett, MA: Quadequina Publishers, 1995), 156-59; “George Howland Dies at French Resort,”
New York Times,
Sept. 16, 1928, 37. Howland moved to France in the mid-1890s and remained there until his death in 1928. Citations courtesy of Neilson Abeel.
37
CK to JH, 2 Mar. [1890], Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 2 Mar. [1890], Hay Collection, Brown.
38
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
39
JH to William Dean Howells, 30 Jan. 1890, in
John Hay-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905,
ed. George Monteiro and Brenda Murphy (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980), 97.
JH to William Dean Howells, 30 Jan. 1890, in
John Hay-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905,
ed. George Monteiro and Brenda Murphy (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980), 97.
40
Michael Burlingame, ed.,
At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings
(Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 23, 127.
Michael Burlingame, ed.,
At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings
(Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 23, 127.
41
On Hay and race, see Kenton J. Clymer,
John Hay: The Gentleman as Diplomat
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975), 65-91.
On Hay and race, see Kenton J. Clymer,
John Hay: The Gentleman as Diplomat
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975), 65-91.
43
CK to JH, 16 Oct. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, 16 Oct. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
45
Ibid.
Ibid.
46
For Alexander Lancaster’s birth date, see 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Bronx Borough, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 1057, sheet 1,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/iexec/default.aspx?htx=View&r=5542&dbid=7602&iid=NYT623_1128-0158&fn=Alexander&ln=Lancaster&st=r&ssrc=
& pid= 45366684 (accessed Aug. 15, 2007).
For Alexander Lancaster’s birth date, see 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Bronx Borough, New York County, NY, SD 1, ED 1057, sheet 1,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/iexec/default.aspx?htx=View&r=5542&dbid=7602&iid=NYT623_1128-0158&fn=Alexander&ln=Lancaster&st=r&ssrc=
& pid= 45366684 (accessed Aug. 15, 2007).
49
Ibid.
Ibid.
52
CK to JH, Dec. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, Dec. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
53
Official Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.
(June 1887), 4 ; “Indian Wars Campaigns That the 4th U.S. Artillery Participated in, 1870-1881,”
http://www.batteryb.com/officersofthe4thartillery/battles-indians.html
(accessed Aug. 24, 2004);
Newport, Rhode Island, 1890
(Newport: Sampson, Murdock, 1890).
Official Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.
(June 1887), 4 ; “Indian Wars Campaigns That the 4th U.S. Artillery Participated in, 1870-1881,”
http://www.batteryb.com/officersofthe4thartillery/battles-indians.html
(accessed Aug. 24, 2004);
Newport, Rhode Island, 1890
(Newport: Sampson, Murdock, 1890).
56
CK to JH [ Jan. 1891], Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH [ Jan. 1891], Hay Collection, Brown.
57
“Down Fell Pole and Wire: Destructive Work of Saturday Night’s Big Storm,”
New York Times,
Jan. 26, 1891, 1.
“Down Fell Pole and Wire: Destructive Work of Saturday Night’s Big Storm,”
New York Times,
Jan. 26, 1891, 1.
59
Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 920 for _____ Todd, 24 Jan. 1891, New York City Department of Records and Information Services, Municipal Archives. On P. E. Kidd, see 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Borough of Brooklyn, Kings County, NY, SD 2, ED 120, sheet 1,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse
/view.aspx?dbid=7602 & path=New+York.Kings.Brooklyn+ Ward+9.120.1& fn=P%20Edwin& ln=Kidd& st=r& pid= 48483451& rc= & zp =50 (accessed Aug. 15, 2007).
Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 920 for _____ Todd, 24 Jan. 1891, New York City Department of Records and Information Services, Municipal Archives. On P. E. Kidd, see 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Borough of Brooklyn, Kings County, NY, SD 2, ED 120, sheet 1,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse
/view.aspx?dbid=7602 & path=New+York.Kings.Brooklyn+ Ward+9.120.1& fn=P%20Edwin& ln=Kidd& st=r& pid= 48483451& rc= & zp =50 (accessed Aug. 15, 2007).
61
JH to HA, 20 Jan. 1891,
Letters of John Hay,
2:213. King was in Newport later in February, along with the other “Summer residents” who gathered then to help make arrangements for the summer season. “Getting Ready for Summer: Newport Putting Itself in Shape for the Coming Season,”
New York Times,
Mar. 1, 1891, 17.
JH to HA, 20 Jan. 1891,
Letters of John Hay,
2:213. King was in Newport later in February, along with the other “Summer residents” who gathered then to help make arrangements for the summer season. “Getting Ready for Summer: Newport Putting Itself in Shape for the Coming Season,”
New York Times,
Mar. 1, 1891, 17.
62
As discussed in chapter 3, it is difficult to ascertain which Ada Copeland in the 1870 Georgia census might actually be the young Ada Todd, and no likely candidates appear in the 1880 census. Nonetheless, even if Ada appears in these records, we might imagine that the census agents obtained their information about her from someone else living in the household. Ada likely spoke to the federal census taker who called on her Hudson Avenue apartment in 1890, but that information disappeared in the fire that destroyed most of the 1890 census records. And if she spoke to an official record keeper on the occasion of Leroy’s birth, those records cannot be found. Hence her daughter’s birth certificate becomes the earliest account of Ada’s own life, in her own words.
As discussed in chapter 3, it is difficult to ascertain which Ada Copeland in the 1870 Georgia census might actually be the young Ada Todd, and no likely candidates appear in the 1880 census. Nonetheless, even if Ada appears in these records, we might imagine that the census agents obtained their information about her from someone else living in the household. Ada likely spoke to the federal census taker who called on her Hudson Avenue apartment in 1890, but that information disappeared in the fire that destroyed most of the 1890 census records. And if she spoke to an official record keeper on the occasion of Leroy’s birth, those records cannot be found. Hence her daughter’s birth certificate becomes the earliest account of Ada’s own life, in her own words.
63
Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 920 for _____ Todd, 24 Jan. 1891.
Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 920 for _____ Todd, 24 Jan. 1891.
65
“Dinner to General Greene,”
New York Times,
May 6, 1891, 5; “Cottagers at Newport,”
New York Times,
June 21, 1891, 13.
“Dinner to General Greene,”
New York Times,
May 6, 1891, 5; “Cottagers at Newport,”
New York Times,
June 21, 1891, 13.
66
CK to JH, Dec. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
CK to JH, Dec. 1890, Hay Collection, Brown.
67
Ibid., [n.d. 1891].
Ibid., [n.d. 1891].
68
Ibid.
Ibid.
69
I infer the timing of the family’s move from Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 998, for Ada Todd, who was born at 72 Skillman Street on Jan. 31, 1892 (New York City Department of Records and Information Services, Municipal Archives). Ada’s older sister, Grace, was born fifty-three weeks earlier at the Hudson Avenue house. On the geography of Brooklyn’s black community, see Scheiner,
Negro Mecca,
23-24.
I infer the timing of the family’s move from Certificate of Birth, Brooklyn. 998, for Ada Todd, who was born at 72 Skillman Street on Jan. 31, 1892 (New York City Department of Records and Information Services, Municipal Archives). Ada’s older sister, Grace, was born fifty-three weeks earlier at the Hudson Avenue house. On the geography of Brooklyn’s black community, see Scheiner,
Negro Mecca,
23-24.
71
CK to JH, May 1891, Hay Collection, Brown. The loan is dated Apr. 20, 1891, in JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
CK to JH, May 1891, Hay Collection, Brown. The loan is dated Apr. 20, 1891, in JTG to S. F. Emmons, receipt dated 10 Feb. 1902.
73
CK to Mrs. Hay [July 1891], reel 8, Hay Collection, Mss. Div., LC.
CK to Mrs. Hay [July 1891], reel 8, Hay Collection, Mss. Div., LC.
74
See the street maps, including 72 Skillman Street, in [Sanborn Map Company Insurance Maps of New York], Atlas 69, vol. 3, 1887, sheet 64, and Atlas 70, vol. 3, 1904, sheet 55, Map Division, New York Public Library.
See the street maps, including 72 Skillman Street, in [Sanborn Map Company Insurance Maps of New York], Atlas 69, vol. 3, 1887, sheet 64, and Atlas 70, vol. 3, 1904, sheet 55, Map Division, New York Public Library.
75
“72 Skillman Street,” in “Brooklyn, New York Directories, 1888-1890,”
http://search.ancestry
library.com /cgi-bin /sse.dll? rank= 0 & f 0 = & f4 = & f 5 = & gsk w =72 + skillman & prox=1& db=1890brookny&ti=5542&ti.si=0&gl=&gss=mp-1890brookny&gst=&so=3 (accessed Feb. 2, 2005).
“72 Skillman Street,” in “Brooklyn, New York Directories, 1888-1890,”
http://search.ancestry
library.com /cgi-bin /sse.dll? rank= 0 & f 0 = & f4 = & f 5 = & gsk w =72 + skillman & prox=1& db=1890brookny&ti=5542&ti.si=0&gl=&gss=mp-1890brookny&gst=&so=3 (accessed Feb. 2, 2005).
77
Congrès Géologique International,
Compte rendu de la 5me session, Washington, 1891
(Washington: Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1893). Thanks to Clifford M. Nelson for bringing to my attention this published volume, which includes lists of the conference attendees and accounts of the proceedings.
Congrès Géologique International,
Compte rendu de la 5me session, Washington, 1891
(Washington: Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1893). Thanks to Clifford M. Nelson for bringing to my attention this published volume, which includes lists of the conference attendees and accounts of the proceedings.
78
CK to JH, 8 Sept. [1891], Hay Collection, Brown. It is not entirely clear who “Augusta” might have been. An Augusta Riley appears in the Newport federal census records for 1880 and 1900 (the 1890 records are missing), recorded as “black” and designated first as a laundress and later as a cook. One record describes her as Maryland born, the other as from Virginia. See 1880 U.S. Federal Census, Newport, RI, SD 121, ED 94,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/iexec/?ht
x=V iew & r=5542 & dbid = 6742 & iid = RIT9_1210 - 0 415 & fn = Aug usta & ln = R i ley & st= r& ssrc=&pid=16507663, and 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Newport, RI, Ward 4, ED 221, sheet 8,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse/view.aspx?dbid=7602&path=
R hode +Island .Newport.Newport+Ward+4.221.16&fn=Augusta&ln=Riley&st=r&pid=69137131&rc= &zp=50 (both accessed July 15, 2007).
CK to JH, 8 Sept. [1891], Hay Collection, Brown. It is not entirely clear who “Augusta” might have been. An Augusta Riley appears in the Newport federal census records for 1880 and 1900 (the 1890 records are missing), recorded as “black” and designated first as a laundress and later as a cook. One record describes her as Maryland born, the other as from Virginia. See 1880 U.S. Federal Census, Newport, RI, SD 121, ED 94,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/iexec/?ht
x=V iew & r=5542 & dbid = 6742 & iid = RIT9_1210 - 0 415 & fn = Aug usta & ln = R i ley & st= r& ssrc=&pid=16507663, and 1900 U.S. Federal Census, Newport, RI, Ward 4, ED 221, sheet 8,
http://content.ancestrylibrary.com/Browse/view.aspx?dbid=7602&path=
R hode +Island .Newport.Newport+Ward+4.221.16&fn=Augusta&ln=Riley&st=r&pid=69137131&rc= &zp=50 (both accessed July 15, 2007).
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