Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (94 page)

Justice (‘adala),
23
–
24
,
34
,
41
,
48
,
54
,
78
,
91
,
94
,
112
,
131
,
185
–
86

Kamal, ‘Abd al-Salam,
31
,
125

Al-Kawakibi, ‘Abd al-Rahman,
47

Al-Khalidi, Ruhi,
45
–
48
,
86
,
116
,
120
,
121
,
122
,
124
,
126
,
142
,
176
,
228
,
238

Kremer, Mendel,
77
,
121
,
155

Land sales,
205
,
216
,
219
–
25
,
226
,
302n93
,
303nn1
,
2

Levi, Yitzhak,
95
,
116
,
119
,
120
,
166
–
67
,
200
,
202
,
219
,
274n24
,
278nn92
,
94
,
279n100
,
292n58
,
297n18

Liberty (Ha-Herut)
,
140
,
144
–
45
,
150
,
153
,
155
–
62
,
212
–
18
,
220
–
23
,
227
,
229
–
31
,
282n18
,
283n27
,
284n49
,
287n106
,
297nn17
,
21
,
301n78
,
302n93
.
See also
Press

Liberty
(
rurriyya, hürriyet)
,
21
,
31
,
34
–
40
,
50
–
52
,
56
–
58
,
81
,
127
–
30
; Islamic sources of,
24
–
25
,
44
–
50
,
131
; religious communities and,
52
–
55
.
See also
Despotism; Tyranny

“Liberty, equality, fraternity” slogan,
1
,
20
,
29
–
30
,
34
,
41
,
51
,
35
,
38
,
39
,
89
,
138
,
139
,
183
,
185
,
191
,
212
–
13

The Lighthouse (al-Manār)
,
36
–
37
,
43
,
45
,
49
,
58
,
82
,
95
,
131
.
See also
Press

Malul, Nissim,
163
–
64
,
229
–
31
,
287nn122
,
123
,
299n43
,
304n23

Mani, Malchiel,
98
,
147
,
278n94

Martyrdom,
2
,
38
,
66
,
79
–
81
,
81
,
235
,
271nn95
,
96

Matalon, Moshe,
98
,
164
,
219

Mazliach, Nissim,
205
–
6
,
211
,
217
,
298
–
99n37
,
301n71

Mehmet Reşat (Sultan),
40
,
131
–
32

Middle class
(effendiyya)
,
1
,
4
,
22
,
70
–
71
,
137
–
38
,
189
,
193
,
294n77

Midhat Pasha,
24
,
38
–
40
,
38
,
47
,
80
,
272n97

Military conscription,
82
,
86
–
87
,
150
–
58
,
222
–
23
,
241
,
243
,
247
–
48
,
285nn73
,
75
,
77
,
84
,
286nn85
,
93
. See also
Bedel-i askerî
; Ottoman army

Millet/millat
,
68
–
69
,
109
,
125
,
151
,
246
–
47

Moyal, Shim‘on,
157
–
59
,
162
–
63
,
201
,
231
,
286n97
,
287n117
,
293n70

Mushabbak, Eftim,
36
,
54
,
98
,
127
–
28
,
272n115

Nablus,
20
,
32
,
94
–
95
,
107
,
114
,
240
,
288nn3
,
6
,
294nn77
,
79

Al-Nadim, ‘Abdullah,
24
,
68

Namik Kemal,
24
,
27
,
31
,
40
,
65
–
67
,
79
–
80
,
263n53
. See also
Vatan yahut Silestre

Al-Nashashibi, Is‘af,
51
–
52
,
97
,
127
,
129
,
159

Al-Nashashibi, ‘Uthman,
116
,
119
,
120
,
121
,
145
,
238
,
279n97

Nasil oldu
,
40
–
41
,
89

Nassar, Neguib,
143
,
161
,
223
,
225
,
227
,
236
–
37
,
240
,
305n44

Nationalism: civic,
59
,
67
–
68
,
77
; ethnic,
78
–
79
,
123
,
209
,
212
,
270n45
; Islamic solidarity and,
60
,
68
,
71
–
72
; official,
64
–
65
; territorial,
268n6
.
See also
Ottoman nation; Zionism

Niyazi Bey,
38
–
41
,
42
,
45

Non-Muslims: election rights,
110
–
13
,
117
–
18
,
123
,
277n75
; rights and restrictions,
8
–
9
,
65
–
66
,
72
–
73
,
82
–
89
,
146
,
151
,
169
,
257n20
,
284n49
,
288nn5
,
7
; sectarianism,
74
–
75
,
91
.
See also
Armenians; Christians;
Dhimmi;
Greek Orthodox; Heterogeneity; Intercommunal rivalry; Jews; Ottoman nation, non-Muslims and

Ottoman Arab Brotherhood,
232
–
33

Ottoman army,
40
–
41
,
86
–
87
,
144
–
45
,
242
–
43
,
271n89
. See also
Bedel-i askerî;
Military conscription

Ottoman liberalism: opposition parties,
25
–
26
,
45
.
See also
Young Ottomans

Ottoman nation,
1
–
2
,
4
–
5
,
7
,
36
,
40
–
41
,
48
,
52
,
59
–
60
,
65
–
69
,
77
–
83
,
86
–
87
,
124
,
127
–
29
,
139
–
40
,
143
–
44
,
159
,
233
–
35
,
237
; non-Muslims and,
202
–
4
,
210
–
12
,
214
–
16
,
244
–
47
,
269n34
; religious aspects of,
2
,
41
,
71
–
73
,
101
–
2
,
243
; social contract and,
65
–
66
,
78
,
82
; “will of the nation”
(iradat al-umma)
,
48
,
94
,
96
,
126
,
131
–
32
.
See also
Ottoman patriotism

Ottoman patriotism,
46
,
66
–
70
,
79
–
80
,
85
–
86
,
101
–
7
,
139
,
145
,
154
–
57
,
205
–
6
,
210
,
233
,
236
–
37
,
239
,
242
–
43
,
263n62
,
275n35
.
See also
Homeland; Ottoman nation

Ottoman Turkish language,
1
,
3
,
24
,
31
,
66
–
71
,
83
,
134
,
146
–
47
,
153
,
157
,
200
,
234
,
238
,
241
,
276n64
.
See also
Press

Ottoman Union (Al-Itti
ād al-'Uthmānī)
,
50
,
58
,
93
–
94
,
115
,
133
–
34
,
141
,
143
,
223
,
232
,
244
.
See also
Press

Ottomanism,
2
,
59
–
61
,
64
–
70
,
82
–
87
,
139
–
40
,
151
,
160
,
162
,
199
–
201
,
203
–
4
,
208
–
11
,
213
–
18
,
235
–
43
,
256n7
,
269n34
,
300n55
; criticism of,
71
–
73
,
87
–
92
,
201
–
3
,
218
,
234
.
See also
Boycott; Brotherhood; Ottoman nation; Ottoman patriotism; Revolution

Palestine (Filas
īn)
,
138
,
141
–
42
,
161
–
63
,
171
–
72
,
222
,
224
–
25
,
228
,
234
–
36
,
239
,
272n117
,
281n12
.
See also
Press