Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (83 page)

^94.
Ha-
erut
, December 2, 1910; see also November 23, 25, 28, 1910.

^95.
See Tabu, March 21, 1911, ISA 83, tet/87/6; June 4, 1911, ISA 83, tet/87/5; from the Mutasarrif of ‘Akka, June 5, 1911, ISA 83, tet/87/5; Tabu, July 26, 1911, ISA 83, tet/87/6; Tabu, August 10, 1911, ISA 83, tet/87/6.

^96.
Information on this meeting is taken from Va'ad ha-'ir ha-klali, October 27 and 28, 1912. TAMA 423–008-076a; and Yodfat, “Va'ad ha-'ir ha-klali li-Yehudei Yafo,” 240 -47.

^97.
Ha-
erut
, November 12, 1912.

^98.
Ha-
erut
, November 14, 1912.

^99.
Quoted in Yodfat, “Va'ad ha-'ir ha-klali li-Yehudei Yafo,” 246–47.

^100.
Antébi to Jerusalem governor (draft), n.d., CZA L2/615.

^101.
Laskier, “Sephardim and the Yishuv in Palestine, 115–16.

^102.
Al-Karmil
, November 27, 1912; and December 7, 1912. Hebrew translation of the
Filas
īn
original published in
Ha-
erut
, December 24, 1912.

^103.
“Mi bno ha-'Otomani?”
Ha-
erut
, December 26, 1912. “Al-Ghazi”—literally “warrior,” though often used for a religiously inspired battle. On Ben-Carmi Eisenberg, see Markovitsky,
Be-kaf ha-kel'a shel ha-ne'emaniyut.

^104.
“Mr. Eisenberg gave his name for Zionist purposes according to the decision of the Zionist congress.” Ruppin to Zionist Zentralburo, April 14, 1912. CZA, Z3/1448. Lands in Eisenberg's name: Kafrurie (4,800 dunams), Karkur Beidas (11,400 dunams), CZA, L18/272; land on the Carmel near Haifa, CZA L18/7/1; 1,932 dunams near Jaffa, CZA L18/7/1; Talpiot, Caesaria, in CZA L51/100; Ben Shemen, Hulda, in land registered to Ottoman Jews, CZA L5/70. See also a complaint in
Al-Mufīd
(Beirut) about Eisenberg's land purchases;
Ha-
erut
, February 5, 1913; and
Al-Karmil
in CZA Z3/1447.

^105.
Quoted in R. Khalidi,
Palestinian Identity
, 138. In fact, the land purchase organization that Yellin worked for, the ICA, did require its settlers to adopt Ottoman citizenship.

Chapter Seven: Unscrambling the Omelet

^1.
By 1914, Jews had purchased 420,587 dunams of land in northern and southern Palestine, a quarter of which was owned by the Zionist Organization and the Jewish National Fund. The majority of the land, 54 percent, was owned by the ICA, the non-Zionist Jewish Colonization Association. Penslar,
Zionism and Technocracy
, 4.

^2.
Al-Munādī
, October 12, 1912 and March 22, 1913.
Al-Karmil
, September 25, 1912. Other people wrote in to defend the ‘Abd al-Hadi family from charges that it was selling land to Zionists, but
Al-Karmil
awaited their personal response to no avail.
Al-Karmil
, September 3, 1912.

^3.
Al-Munādī
, June 17, 1912; and September 17, 1912.

^4.
Quoted in
Ha-
erut
, February 6, 1913. See also: letter to the editor in Beirut's
Al-Mufīd
, translated in
Ha-
erut
, February 5, 1913; the critique of Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahman al-'Alami published in April 1914, quoted in R. Khalidi,
Palestinian Identity
, 132; and
Al-Karmil
, September 7, 1912; October 13, 1912; December 11, 1912.

^5.
Arab Studies Society (Orient House). The Arab Studies Society archivist, Qasim Harb, believes that it was written in 1908, but I think it must have appeared at least two years later, around 1910 or 1911.

^6.
This foreign danger came not only from the Zionists, but also from European countries. For a discussion of the furor which emerged after a British archaeological team was accused of stealing antiquities from the Dome of the Rock complex, see Fishman, “Palestine Revisited.”

^7.
The author was later revealed to be Shukri al-'Asali, a former deputy governor in Nazareth and future member of parliament representing Damascus.

^8.
Ha-
erut
, May 23, 1910; November 7, 1910. See also the report in CZA Z3/116, and September 21, 1908, entry in al-Sakakini,
Kadha ana ya dunya
, 38.