Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (71 page)

^98.
Ha-
erut
, December 26, 1912.

^99.
R. Khalidi,
Palestinian Identity
, 123; and Mandel,
Arabs and Zionism Before World War I.

^100.
“The Beginnings of Anti-Semitism in Palestine,”
El Liberal
, March 23, 1909; and
El Paradizo
, March 16, 1909.

^101.
El Liberal
, vol. 1, no. 41 (August 1909);
El Liberal
, March 23, 1909.

^102.
For biographical information on this interesting couple, see Ben-Hanania, “Dr. Shim‘on Moyal”; and Ben-Hanania, “Ha-soferet Ester Moyal u-tkufatah.”

^103.
Ha-
erut
, July 23, 1909.

^104.
Antébi to Henri Franck, August 2, 1908. AAIU, Israel-VIII.E.25.

^105.
Antébi to Henri Franck, August 4, 1908. AAIU, Israel-VIII.E.25. The young journalist Gad Frumkin also sought a
ferman
for a trilingual Hebrew-
Arabic-Turkish newspaper,
Ere
Avot/al-Wafan/Vatan
(Homeland), that would articulate a similar Ottomanist agenda. Frumkin,
Derekh shofet bi-Yerushalayim
, 147. Frumkin received permission for the paper, but it never appeared.

^106.
On this newspaper, see Jacobson, “Sephardim, Ashkenazim, and the ‘Arab Question,'”; Efrati,
Ha-'edah ha-Sfaradit
; and Betzalel, “On the Journal ‘Ha-Herut.'” In fact, the persistent efforts of
Ha-
erut
to educate the Jewish community about Arab opposition to it earned it the annoyance of Dr. Arthur Ruppin of the Palestine Office, the local branch of the Zionist Organization. Ruppin thought the editorial policy of
Ha-
erut
was unduly alarmist. Roi, “Nisyonoteihem shel ha-mosdot ha-
iyonim,” 229–30.

^107.
Ha-
erut
, May 25, 1910.

^108.
Ha-
erut
, November 8, 1909.

^109.
Ha-
erut
, May 21, 1909. See also
Ha-
erut
, July 23, 1909.

^110.
Thus after Haim Nahum's complaint in mid-February,
Al-Karmil
resumed publication in early April, only to be sued again one month later. See
Ha-
erut
, September 22, 1909; October 22, 1909; February 14, 1910; April 4, 1910; April 6, 1910; May 4, 1910; and May 25, 1910.

^111.
No date, CZA HM2/8647.

^112.
Ha-
erut
, May 25, 1910; September 23, 1912.
Al-Karmil
was blamed for “poisoning”
Al-Muqtabas
and
Al-Najā
against the Jews.
Ha-
erut
, December 19, 21, and 23, 1910.