One Righteous Man : Samuel Battle and the Shattering of the Color Line in New York (9780807012611) (49 page)

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Moore, Frederick Randolph: on black military regiment, 115–16; on blacks in NYPD, 64–65, 72–74, 75; death of, 287; on death of Herbert Dent, 169; as editor of
New York Age
, 64; and Harlem Citizens League for Fair Play, 230; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 183; on saloons in Harlem, 172–73; on white-on-black violence, 266; and Baron Deware Wilkins, 176, 181

Moore, Paul, 205

Morton, Ferdinand Q., 181

Morton, Jelly Roll, 41, 172

Moses, Robert, 224

Moskowitz, Henry, 60–61

Motz, Otto, 167–168

Mulrooney, Edward, 214

Murphy, Charles Francis, 148

Murphy, Michael, 145

music, 152, 162–63, 172

Nail, John B., 40, 96

National Afro-American League, 30–31, 41, 61

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 60–61, 225, 256

National Council of Negro Women, 251, 252, 253

National Football League, 258

National Guard regiment, 90, 99

National Youth Administration, 251

Native Son
(Wright), 136

“Negro Bohemia,” 39

Negro League baseball, 176, 229, 249–50

Nelson, John, 36

Newark Eagles, 229

New Bern, North Carolina, 4, 9–14, 166, 232–33

Newcombe, Don, 190

New Deal programs, 211

New Negro, 129, 147, 210, 261

New York: Samuel Battle’s arrival in, 15–19; after Civil War, 19–21; and lure to blacks, 4–5; slavery in, 18–19; white-on-black racial violence in, 49, 91, 115, 132–34, 266–71

New York Age
(newspaper), 30–31, 38, 40, 42, 49–50, 56, 64–65, 68, 71, 72, 99, 112, 115, 152–153, 169, 172, 176, 180, 181, 219, 221, 225, 230, 267, 286

New York Clearing House, 202–3

New York Fire Department, 99, 120–21, 123–25, 126–27, 130–31, 255, 275–78

New York Globe
(newspaper), 30, 133

New York Police Department (NYPD): in 1900, 21; Battle’s efforts to join, 50–51, 65–67, 71–75; brutalization by, 167–70; calls to integrate, 63–65; early attempts to integrate, 31–36; graft in, 142–43, 146, 148; in parades, 105; Radio Gun Squad of, 214–15; Special Service Division of, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78; structure of, 141; and Tammany Hall, 141–45; Twenty-Eighth Precinct, 80–89, 91–94; violence by, 49–51; women in, 147–48

Nice, Harry, 254

Nicholson, William, 124

nightclubs, 40–41, 152, 172–78

Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry Battalion, 90

Norris, Charles, 169

North American Aviation, 262

numbers game, 202–4, 218–20.
See also
gambling

NYPD.
See
New York Police Department (NYPD)

Oden, Curtis, 166

Oden, Mary Elizabeth Battle, 37–38, 166, 188, 208, 235

O’Dwyer, William, 279, 280, 281, 282

O’Neill, Cosmo, 165

O’Ryan, John, 224

O’Toole, John, 131, 198, 254–55

Overton, Wiley Grenada, 31–36, 67, 74

Ovington, Mary White, 42–43, 48–49, 56, 59, 60–61, 101

Owens, Emma, 248

Owens, Henry, 248

Owens, Jesse, 248–50

Owens, Ruth, 248, 249

Pabst, Fred, 55

Pabst Harlem, 55

Pace, Ethylene, 162

Pace, Harry, 162–63

Packard Motor Car Company, 266

Palmer, Thomas, 85

parades: Easter, 244; Elks, 197; NYPD, 105, 215; for return of 369th Infantry, 128–29

Parchmont, Cora, 147–48

Parole Commission, 260–61, 271–72, 281, 282

pawnbrokers, 191, 194

Payton, Philip A., Jr., 56

Pearl Button Gang, 69

Pearl Harbor, 261, 263

People’s Advocate
(newspaper), 30

Peyton, Thomas Henry, 71–72

Pioneer Sporting Club, 247

Pitt, Albert, 176–77

Pittsburgh Crawfords, 249–50

Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896), 13, 41, 61, 288

Pohndorf, Henry, 168

polio, 108–9

Powell, Adam Clayton, 181

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 230–31, 277, 281–82

Powell, Isabelle, 231

Powell, Sarah, 44, 54

Price, Bruce, 161

Price, Joseph C., 11–12

Prohibition, 156–60, 174

Radio Gun Squad, 214–15, 240

railway workers strike, 107–8

Rampersad, Arnold, viii, 136, 153, 186

Ramsey, C. A., 71, 125

Randolph, A. Philip, 152, 225, 241, 262

Ransom, Reverdy, 63–64, 67, 90

Rao, Joseph, 271

redcaps, 43–47, 52–54, 63, 70, 79, 102–3

Redding, Wesley, 147, 160–61, 168–69

Red Shirts, 13, 234

Red Summer, 131–34

Rhodes, Jasper, 100, 105, 167

Rivera, Lino, 239–41, 242

Roaring Twenties, 152–53, 156–58

Roberts, Emma, 113, 119

Roberts, E. P.: and appointment of Battle to NYPD, 72–73; and birth of Carroll, 106; death of, 286–87; delivery of Charline, 94; delivery of Florence, 57–58; delivery of Jesse, 47–48, 51; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225, 241

Roberts, Iola, 287

Roberts, Needham, 113–14, 119, 121–23, 129, 287

Roberts, Norman, 113, 119

Robeson, Benjamin, 190

Robeson, Paul, 151, 190

Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 196–97, 206, 248–49, 250, 280–82

Robinson, Fannie, 217, 250

Robinson, Jackie, 3, 190, 258, 281, 286

Robinson, Sugar Ray, 189–90, 283

Rockefeller, John D., 17, 26, 52, 250

Roosevelt, Edith, 27

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1, 250–53, 259, 264–65, 270, 288–89

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: and antilynching bill, 252; and Mary McLeod Bethune, 251; and black soldiers, 274; as governor, 213, 215; and Fiorello La Guardia, 223; and march on Washington (1940), 262; New Deal programs of, 211; and Jesse Owens, 249

Roosevelt, Theodore (Teddy): and Charles Anderson, 72; on birth of Theodore Battle, 117; and black soldiers, 111; dining with Booker T. Washington at White House, 25–26, 27–28; endorsement of Wesley Williams, 124; greeted by redcaps, 53–54; and E. P. Roberts, 287; in Spanish-American War, 14; and Tammany Hall, 143–45; at Yale University, 28, 74–75

Rose, Garfield, 116–17

Roth, Herbert, 191–92, 194

Roth, Joseph, 191–92, 194

Rothstein, Arnold, 148, 157–58, 175, 213

Rowe, Billy, 283

Royal Café, 172

Royall, John M., 55–56

Ruffin, Joe, 130

San Juan Hill (New York), 38, 54, 80, 92; Siege of, 49–50

Savoy Ballroom, 266

Scheff, William, 34

Schmeling, Max, 247–48, 257

Schmittberger, Max, 89

Schomburg, Arthur, 38–39, 75, 106, 230

Schultz, Dutch, 205, 214, 215, 218–20

Schuyler, George, 153

Seabury, Samuel, 213

segregation.
See
Jim Crow segregation

separate but equal accommodations.
See
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954); Jim Crow segregation;
Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)

Sergeants Benevolent Association, 145

Shapiro, Jacob “Gurrah,” 226

Shuffle Along
(musical), 163

Silent Protest Parade, 116

Sims, George, 48, 115, 228

Singleton, William, 160

Sissle, Noble, 41, 113, 119, 128, 163

slavery: in New Bern, NC, 10; in New York, 18–19

Small’s Paradise, 152, 174

Smart, James, 273

Smith, Ada Beatrice Queen Victoria Louisa Virginia (“Bricktop”), 174–76

Smith, Isaac H., 233–35

Smith, James, 181

Smith, Willie “The Lion,” 41

Smothergill, Alverstone, 278

Sojourner Truth Homes, 265–66

Spanish-American War, 14, 38, 53, 90, 111, 222

speakeasies, 156, 159

Special Service Division, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78

Springfield, Illinois, white-on-black racial violence in, 58–59

St. Clair, Stephanie, 219, 220

Stewart, Abraham, 93–94, 96

Stewart, T. McCants, 31

Stimson, Henry, 262

stock market crash, 209

Strausner, Anton, 100

Straw Hat Riot, 132–34

Street Scenes
(opera), 136

Strivers Row, 162–65

Strode, Woody, 258

The Stroll, 151

Stuyvesant Town, 267

Sufi, Abdul Hamid, 230

Sullivan, “Big Tim,” 144, 145

Sullivan, John L., 62

Tammany Hall: background of, 140–41; Herbert Bruce and, 244–45; “Honest Dan” Costigan and, 146; William “Big Bill” Devery and, 141–45; Fiorello La Guardia and, 213; Edward E. “Chief” Lee and, 65; George V. McLaughlin and, 187; Charles Francis Murphy and, 148; and NYPD, 21, 90; Roths (Joseph and Herbert) and, 191; Charles Thorley and, 44, 126; James “Jimmy” Walker and, 184; Baron Deware Wilkins and, 40, 171–74, 177

Tandy, Vertner, 163

Taylor, Alexander, 23

Taylor, Nancy Battle, 15, 23, 37

Tenderloin District (New York), 20, 21–22, 40–41

tenements, 18, 48–49

Thomas, J. C., 60, 72, 89

Thompson, William, 182

Thorley, Charles, 44–45, 83, 124, 126, 155

Thorpe, Robert, 24–25, 47

369th Infantry, 122–23, 125–26, 127–29

Truman, Harry, 152, 282

Turf Club, 204, 205

Turner, Haynes, 129–30

Turner, Mary, 129–30

“turnkeys,” 72

Tuskegee Institute, 26

Tweed, William Marcy “Boss,” 141

20th Century Limited
(train), 52, 61, 63, 70

Twenty-Fourth Infantry, 118–20

Union Baptist Church, 48, 115

United Colored Democracy, 65, 72

United Negro Improvement Association, 151–52

Urban League, 263, 285, 288

Valentine, Lewis: and black recruits to NYPD, 263, 270–71; Richard E. Enright and, 146; and Harlem riots, 240–41, 244, 268; and integration of Baltimore Police Department, 254; and Fiorello La Guardia, 224; and nightstick justice, 237–38

Van Wyck, Robert, 145

vaudeville, 60, 196–97

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 61, 237, 241

Volstead Act (1920), 156

Vulcans, 255, 275–76

Waco, Texas, lynching, 110

Wagner, Robert F., 198

Walcott, Joe, 40

Waldo, Rhinelander, 74, 78–79, 95

Walker, A’Lelia, 152, 186, 209–10

Walker, C. J. (Madame), 152

Walker, George, 39, 52, 60

Walker, James “Jimmy,” 184–85, 187, 198, 210, 213, 215

Walling, William English, 59, 60–61

Walsh, Patrick, 274–77

Walters, Alexander, 41–42, 61, 90, 98

Washington, Booker Taliaferro, 25–28, 31, 53, 64, 74–75, 290

Washington, Jesse, 110

Washington, Kenny, 258

Webber, George, 205

Weinberg, George, 219

Wells, Ida B., 30

Werner, M. R., 148

Wesley, James, 54

Wexler, Irving “Waxey Gordon,” 157

Whaley, Frank, 168

Wheaton, J. Frank, 59, 72, 74, 75, 90, 109, 111

White, George H., 206

White, Nate, 87

White, Philip A., 31

White, Stanford, 162

White, Walter, 227–28, 252, 262, 267, 268–70

white-on-black racial violence: between 1885 and 1914, 105; in 1930s, 252; in 1943, 265–71; in
The Birth of a Nation
, 104; in East St. Louis, Illinois, 114–15; and Henry Wills, 164; and Jack Johnson, 69; in New York, 49, 91, 115, 132–34; protest against, 116; in Waco, Texas, 110; after World War I, 129–30, 131–34

white supremacists, 13

Whitman, Charles, 109–11, 112, 128

whooping cough, 150

Wilkins, Baron Deware, 40, 41, 63, 68, 69, 70, 171–78, 179–82

Wilkins, Leroy, 172

Willemse, Cornelius, 137–38, 147

Williams, Bert, 39, 52, 59–60, 72, 90, 109, 111, 113

Williams, Charles, 106, 120

Williams, Gertrude, 54, 106

Williams, James, 120, 286

Williams, James H.: and appointment of Wesley Williams to New York Fire Department, 126; background of, 43–45; Harlem apartment of, 54; and Jack Johnson, 70; move to Williamsbridge, 97–98, 106; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 197–98; and redcaps, 43–46, 197; and Charles Thorley, 44–45, 83

Williams, John Wesley, 44

Williams, Leroy, 54

Williams, Lucy Metresh, 44, 54, 97–98

Williams, Margaret Russell Ford, 101, 103, 106, 120

Williams, Wesley Augustus: appointment to New York Fire Department, 123–25; and Carroll Battle, 258–59; birth of, 44; as boxer, 178–79; childhood of, 54, 71, 97–98; danger faced by, 130, 182, 216; as driver of fire engine, 139–40; at Engine Company 55, 126–27; founding of Vulcans, 255; harassment of, 130–31, 279–80; and integration of New York Fire Department, 120–21, 275–77; marriage of, 106; as probationary firefighter, 138–39; promotion to battalion chief, 254–55; promotion to captain, 217, 237; promotion to lieutenant, 182, 183, 197–99; retirement of, 286; transfer closer to home, 274–75; and Vulcans, 256; work for US Post Office, 106; work on subway tunnel, 100–103

Williamsbridge (Bronx, New York), 98, 105–6

Wills, Harry, 163–64, 171

Wilson, J. Finley, 206

Wilson, Woodrow: and black military regiment, 103–4, 112; at Grand Central Station, 52; and Houston riot, 119; and Jim Crow segregation, 98–99; and Silent Protest Parade, 116; and World War I, 109, 113, 222; at Yale University, 28

Wings Over Jordan
(radio show), 261

women in NYPD, 147–48

Wood, Robert N., 72, 75

Woods, Arthur, 117

Woodson, John, 124–25

World War I, 103–4, 110–14, 118–20, 121–23, 127–29

World War II, 261–65

Wright, Louis Tompkins, 164–65, 181, 207, 211, 256

Wright, Richard, 136

Yale University, 25, 28

YMCA, Colored Men’s Branch of, 71, 125, 179

Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 250