One Righteous Man : Samuel Battle and the Shattering of the Color Line in New York (9780807012611) (48 page)

Battle, Sophia, 29, 36–37, 290

Battle, Theodore, 117, 150

Battle, Thomas, 5, 7, 8–12, 15, 37, 233

Battle, William D., 46, 47, 228

Battle, Yvonne, 3

Battle of Harlem
(Battle and Hughes), 284–85, 288–90

Battle of San Juan Hill, 145

Beaumont, Texas, white-on-black rioting in, 265

Belton, Samuel G., 158–59, 170

Bernstein, Michael, 205

Bethune, Mary McLeod, 250–53, 264–65, 289

Bethune-Cookman University, 251, 264

The Birth of a Nation
(movie), 104

Black Cabinet, 251

Black Code (1866), 12

“Black Second,” 232–33

Black Valley (East St. Louis), 115

Blake, Eubie, 40, 163

blood donations, 263

Blumstein, William, 230

Blumstein’s Department Store, 230–31

Boddy, Luther, 167–70

Bontemps, Arna, 136

bootleggers, 157, 159

“Boston Tar Baby.”
See
Langford, Sam

Bowes, Edward “Major,” 160

boxers and boxing, 61–63, 67–70, 125, 178–79, 189–90, 247–48, 257

Boyden, William, 194–95

Braddock Hotel, 267–68

Bradford, Perry, 40–41, 68, 69

Brady, Diamond Jim, 83

Brennan, John J., 131, 138–40

“Bricktop” (Ada Smith), 174–76

Brown, Eugene, 230

Brown, Jake, 105

Brown, James W., 228

Brown, John, 154, 199–201

Brownsville Raid, 111–12

Brown v. Board of Education
(1954), 288

Bruce, Herbert, 245

Buchalter, Louis “Lepke,” 226

Buckley, Francis J. M., 167

Burke, Joseph, 216

Burns, Tommy, 62–63

Butler, Edward, 267

Cachemaille, Enrique, 212

Cachemaille, Henrietta (Etta), 212–13, 217, 230

Calloway, Cab, 264

Calloway, Marse, 254

Campbell, James, 33, 34

Capitol Theatre, 159–60

Carnera, Primo, 247

Carrington, Elizabeth, 94

Carrington, Florence.
See
Battle, Florence Carrington

Carrington, Henry, 43

Carrington, Maria, 43

Carter, Eunice, 207–8, 241

Caruso, Enrico, 53

Castle, Irene and Vernon, 52, 113

Cherot, Baldomero, 217–18

Cherot, Charline Elizabeth Battle: birth of, 94–95; birth of Tony, 259; birth of Yvonne, 250; courtship of, 218; education of, 194, 207–8, 278; at Greenwood Forest Farms, 264, 278–79; marriage of, 225, 227–29; move to Englewood, NJ, 290; trip to Europe, 212–13

Cherot, Fanny DuPont, 217–18

Cherot, Thornton (Eddy), 217–18, 225, 227–29, 247, 278–79, 285, 290

Cherot, Thornton (Tony), 2, 3–4, 76, 232–36, 259, 264, 278, 290

Cherot, Yvonne, 250, 264, 278, 290

Citizens League for Fair Play, 242

Clark, Kenneth, 263

Cleary, Edward, 271

Cobb, Irvin S., 287

Cobb, Moses P., 34–37, 67, 72, 74, 290

Coll, Vincent “Mad Dog,” 214

Colored Men’s Branch of the YMCA, 71, 125, 179

Colored Orphan Asylum, 19

Compton, Betty, 213, 215

Confidential Squad, 146

Conn, Billy, 257

Connie’s Inn, 174

Connor, John W., 40, 172, 176, 177

Cook, Will Marion, 163

Cookman Institute, 251

Cooper, George W., 196

Copacabana (nightclub), 280–81

Costigan, “Honest Dan,” 146

Cotton Club, 152, 174, 210–11

covenanted buildings, 57, 99

Crater, Joseph Force, 213

Crawford, Joan, 175

Creegan, Richard, 102

Croker, Richard, 65, 144

Crouch, Stanley, 172

Crowley, Francis “Two-Gun,” 214

Cullen, Countee, 96, 155, 241

Cullen, Frederick Asbury, 96, 155, 189–90

Daly, Richard, 194–96

Davies, Graham, 14

Davis, Benjamin J., 277

Dawson, Dick, 279–80

Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, 251

De Carlo, Peter, 216

Delamar, Killis and William, 4–5, 15, 22

Delehanty, Michael J., 66, 109

Delehanty Institute, 109, 124, 134, 137, 218

Delmonico Hotel, 281

Delmonico’s Restaurant, 148

De Martino, John, 240, 241–43, 245–46

Dempsey, Jack, 163–64, 170–71, 249

Dent, Herbert, 167–70

De Priest, Oscar Stanton, 202, 206–7, 213, 220–21, 225, 237

Detroit, white-on-black rioting in, 265–66

Devery, William “Big Bill,” 141–45, 146, 158

Divine, Major J., 244

Dixon, John, 233

“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaign, 220, 255

Doolittle, Jimmy, 264

Dorman, John, 197–98

Dorsey, Charles A., 31

Douglass, Frederick, 10, 27, 30, 129, 200

Dowling, James, 72–73

Doyle’s Saloon, 59

Drew, Charles, 263

Du Bois, W. E. B.: on blacks in military, 129, 130; and Frederick Douglass, 30; on Jack Johnson, 62; on lynchings, 105, 110; and National Afro-American League, 61; and Harry Pace, 162; and racism, 235–36; and Needham Roberts, 287; and Woodrow Wilson, 98

Duryea, Etta Terry, 70

Edmond’s (nightclub), 40

Elias, Hannah, 84

Elks, black.
See
Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World

Ellington, Edward Kennedy “Duke,” 175–76, 281

Ellison, Ralph, 136

Enoch, May, 24–25

Enright, Richard E., 140, 145–49, 156, 158, 160–61, 170–71, 176–78, 182–84

Equitable Life Assurance Society, 161, 162

Equity Congress, 60, 75, 89–91, 98–99, 109, 120, 123

Europe, James Reese, 39, 113, 114, 119, 120, 122, 128

Ewen, David, 172

Exclusive Club, 152, 172–78, 179–80, 181–82

Fair Play Club, 201–2

Farley, Thomas, 214

Farrell, Frank, 144, 145

Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 211

Fifteenth Regiment, 111–14, 115–16, 118–20, 121–22

Fillmore, Charles W., 90, 99, 111

Firpo, Luis, 171

Flegenheimer, Arthur “Dutch Schultz,” 205, 214, 215, 218–20

Foley, Tom, 148

Forbes, Arthur Holland, 42

Ford, Margaret Russell, 101, 103, 106, 120

Fortune, Emmanuel, 29–30, 31

Fortune, Timothy Thomas, 29–31, 38, 41, 49, 50, 61, 64, 90

Foster, Dude, 69

“Freedom Church.”
See
African American Methodist Episcopal (AME) Zion Church (“Freedom Church”)

Freeman
(newspaper), 30

The Front Page
(play), 175

Fumville, Tempy, 34–37

gambling, 144, 146, 171–78, 201–7, 218–20

gangsters: at city penitentiaries, 271; and Jimmy Hines, 174, 219; and Fiorello La Guardia, 238; “Paddy, the Priest,” 93; and Special Service Division, 148; and Jimmy Walker, 210, 213, 215; at Wilkins’s Exclusive Club, 175, 181–82

Garvey, Helen, 109, 207, 225–26

Garvey, Jimmy, 93, 96, 109, 207, 225–27, 237

Garvey, Marcus, 114, 151–52, 203

Garvey, Pauline, 109, 226

Gaynor, William, 67, 73, 74

Gehrig, Lou, 259–60, 272

Gerhard, George, 216

Gershwin, George, 172

Gethers, Ephram, 133–34

Gibbs, Harriet, 119–20

Gleeson, Francis, 226

Gordon, Harry, 239, 242

Grand Central Depot, 43–47

“Great Black Way,” 151

Great Depression, 209–11

Great Migration, 4, 103, 129, 151, 218

Greenwood Forest Farms, 76, 264, 279, 286

Griffith, D. W., 104

Guardians Society, 161, 166, 168, 178, 255

Hadley, Philip W., 34–37, 67, 74

Hammerstein, Oscar, 55

Hammerstein’s Victoria Theatre, 70

Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, 26

Handy, W. C., 162–63, 286

Harlem: in 1920s, 151–53, 192–93; Battle as police officer in, 95–97; Battle’s first apartment in, 54–57; employment of blacks at stores in, 229–31; gambling in, 171–78, 202–4, 218–20; during Great Depression, 209, 210–11; music and nightclubs in, 39–41; nightstick justice in, 237–39; population growth in 1930s of, 261–62; restrictive covenants in, 99; riots in, 239–44, 266–71; Strivers Row in, 161–65; transition to black population, 55–57

Harlem Citizens League for Fair Play, 230

Harlem Civic Union, 225

Harlem Hospital, 165

Harlem Opera House, 55

Harlem Renaissance, 77, 152, 185, 204

Harris, Arthur, 24–25, 47

Hart, Dan, 39, 52, 82

Hatfield, John, 130

Havens, John, 234

Hayden, Henry I., 32, 34, 35

Hayes, Amanda, 133–34

Hayes, Patrick Cardinal, 45, 198

Hayes, Roland, 265

Haynes, George Edmund, 288

Hays, Arthur Garfield, 241–44

Hayward, William, 111, 112, 113, 119, 122, 128

Hearst, William Randolph, 83, 89, 128

Height, Dorothy, 251–53

“Hellfighters of Harlem,” 125

Hell’s Hundred Acres, 126–27

Hell’s Kitchen, 93

Henderson, Fletcher, 163

Henry, Dominic, 157–58

Hill, Constance Valis, 197

Hines, Ike, 40

Hines, James Joseph “Jimmy”: background of, 173–74; at funeral of Baron Deware Wilkins, 182; and gambling, 171, 177, 219; humanitarian efforts of, 245; and paroles, 271–72

Hobbs, Lloyd, 240, 243

Hobbs, Russell, 240

Holmes, Ella, 95, 117

Holmes, Henry, 95, 117

Holmes, Robert, 95–97, 100, 116–17

Holstein, Casper, 201–7, 210, 218, 220, 245, 278

Holt, John, 256

Honeymoon Express
(play), 52–53

Horton, Floyd, 146

Hotel Palm, 52

House of Flowers, 44–45, 155

Houston riot, 118–19

Hughes, James, 153

Hughes, Langston, 2–4, 76–78, 135–37, 153–55, 185–87, 200–201, 209–10, 236

Hugo, Francis, 128

Hylan, Mike “Red,” 146, 149, 150, 165, 184

Imes, William Lloyd, 199, 225, 230

Impellitieri, Vincent, 283

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World: Battle joining, 57; Detroit convention, 58; formation of, 42; and funeral of Baron Deware Wilkins, 181; Robert Holmes in, 95; Casper Holstein in, 206; Monarch Lodge of, 181, 188, 193, 201; New York convention of, 197; testimonial dinner for Battle by, 188; J. Frank Wheaton in, 59

International Police Association, 184

Invisible Man
(Ellison), 136

Irvin, Monte, 229

Jackson, Edward, 147

Jeanette, Jeremiah “Joe,” 125

Jeffries, Jim, 67–69, 171

Jim Crow segregation: and
The Birth of a Nation
, 104; and Thornton Cherot, 217; Frederick Douglass on, 30; and Harlem race riot, 268; in military, 112; in New York, 98–99; in New York Fire Department, 255, 275–77; and Jesse Owens, 249; and rail travel in South, 273; on trip with Tony to South, 236; in Virginia, 16, 74; Alexander Walters on, 41

Jitter Bug Club, 238

Joaquin, Lawrence, 115

Joe, Lovie, 68

Johnson, Arthur John (Jack), 61–63, 67–70, 125, 171, 181

Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 185, 192

Johnson, Henry, 121–23, 128, 129, 261, 287

Johnson, James P., 41, 172

Johnson, James Weldon: and blacks in military, 112; on churches, 151; on contribution of blacks to American culture, 187; on education of Charline, 207; on future of Harlem, 153, 193, 209; at Marshall Hotel, 39, 52

Johnson, John H., 229–30, 255, 267, 281

Johnson, J. Rosamond, 39, 52

Just Around the Corner
(musical), 136

Keene, Olive, 191, 194

Kelly, Margaret, 261

King, David, 161–62

Kline, Emmanuel, 147, 267

Ku Klux Klan, 29, 98, 104

La Guardia, Achille, 221–22

La Guardia, Fiorello H.: background of, 221–25; in Congress, 206, 213, 222–23; election as mayor, 216, 220, 223; and Harlem riots, 240, 241–43, 266–72; and integration of Baltimore Police Department, 254; and NAACP, 256; and New York Fire Department, 275–78; and nightstick justice, 237–38; and NYPD, 224–25; and William O’Dwyer, 282; and Jesse Owens, 249; and Parole Commission, 260, 264

La Guardia, Irene Luzzatto-Coen, 221

Lahey, William (Bill), 170–71, 177

Langford, Sam (“Boston Tar Baby”), 125, 163, 179, 181, 247, 249

Langston, Carrie, 153

Las Estrellas Club, 212

Laurie, Edward, 238

Leary, Lewis Sheridan, 153–54, 200, 201

Lee, Edward E. “Chief,” 65, 72

Lee, John W., 34–37, 67, 74, 75

Leeks, Leroy, 195–96

Lieutenants Benevolent Association, 146, 158

Little, Arthur, 123, 126

Little Savoy (nightclub), 40, 41, 63, 69, 70

Locke, Alain, 185, 243

Lopez, Vincent, 213

Lord, James Brown, 161

Los Angeles, white-on-black rioting in, 265

Louis, Joe “The Brown Bomber,” 247, 257, 281

Luciano, Lucky, 157, 171, 208, 241

lynchings, 99, 105, 110, 129–30, 252

Maceo Hotel, 39

Madden, Owney “The Killer,” 210–11

Majestic Hotel, 83

Manley, Effa, 229–30

march on Washington (1940), 262–63

Marshall, Napoleon Bonaparte, 111–12, 119–20, 128

Marshall, Thurgood, 273, 288

Marshall Hotel, 39, 52, 69, 82, 113

Martin, Charles, 96

Mason, Charlotte, 187, 209

Mason, John, 52–53

Mayhew, James, 38

Mayor’s Commission on Conditions in Harlem, 241–44

McAdoo, William, 50

McBride’s Saloon, 46–47, 69

McGowan, Patrick, 64

McHugh, Patrick, 168

McInerny, John, 240

McKay, Claude, 155

McLaughlin, George V., 187, 191

Messenger
(magazine), 152

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 266–67

Miles, Nelson, 103

military: black regiment in, 90–91, 110–14, 118–20, 121–23, 125–26, 127–29; segregation in, 103–4, 262–63

military bases, violence around, 263

Miller, Conery (Mrs.), 264

Miller, Dorie, 263, 264

Miller, William “Yellow Charleston,” 167, 180–81

Mitchell, John Puroy, 67, 107

Monarch Lodge (Elks), 181, 188, 193, 201

Mooney, William, 140