Odysseus in America (61 page)

Mullen, William, 275
n

multiplier effect,
see
combat strength multiplier effect

Munroe, James, 165, 167, 276
n,
286
n,
287
n,
291
n

Murray, A. T., 268
n

Murray, Warren K. (VWAR), xiv, 185, 191

Muses, 244, 299
n

“Musselman” (catatonic state in concentration camps), 160, 285
n

Myrmidons (Achilles' contingent at Troy), 238, 298
n,
299
n

Nagy, Gregory, 78, 165, 268
n,
269
n,
275
n,
279
n,
298
n,
299
n

narcissism, 156-61, 277
n

narratives, personal, and recovery, 168, 169, 174

National Center for PTSD Web site, 262

nationalism, 250

National Training Center (NTC), Fort Irwin, 223

National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study,
27, 136

Nausicaa (Phaeacian princess), 65, 256

Nellis Air Force Base, 223

Neoptolemus (son of Achilles), 275
n

Nestor (king of Pylos, guest-friend and ally of Odysseus), 140, 141, 232, 298
n

Newberry, Joan Duffy, 171

New Manning System, 293
n
see also
COHORT program, U.S. Army

New York Times Magazine, The,
110

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 220

nightmares, 29, 38, 94

noble character, in Athenian society, 235

“normal,” in diagnostic system, 282
n

North Vietnamese Army, cohesion in, 213

nostalgia (as combat stress reaction), 160, 285
n

nostos
(homecoming), 18

“not ready” unit classification, 217

Nuremberg Principles on war crimes, 154

Nussbaum, Martha C., 112, 284
n,
285
n,
290
n,
298
n,
299
n,
301
n

obedience:

blind, 160

critical, of leader to his superiors, 227

trust and, 224

in World War II, 226, 227

Ober, J., 270
n,
279
n,
285
n,
299
n

Ockham, William of, 251

Odysseus, 104, 105, 271
n

Achilles contrasted with, 235, 298
n

Agamemnon and, 237, 238

boar-tusk scar of, 133, 139, 142-44

bravery of, 237

craftiness and guile of, 46-17, 298
n

disguises of, 4, 123-24

greed of, 232

lies of, 121-22, 126, 127, 132, 151, 237

loyalty to troops, 237

as man of pain, 242

meaning of name, 2, 143

mētis
of, 205-6

as military leader, 6-7, 61, 62, 231, 236-37, 241

military practices of, 237, 238

and olive tree bed, 246

Palladium stolen by, 233

reconnaissance by, 231-32, 237

self-introduction of, 17, 33, 121

and simple PTSD, 151

as spy, 231-32, 237

trauma and character of, 140-44, 243

trust destroyed in, xv, 59, 64

Odyssey,
xv, 6, 104

allegorical interpretation of, 2-3, 105, 106, 268
n

author of, 103

Books 1-4 (home without Odysseus), 255

Books 5-8 (Odysseus starts last lap for home), 256

Books 9-12 (Odysseus tells Phaeacians of his adventures), 256-57

Books 13-16 (father and son return to Ithaca), 257-58

Books 17-20 (Odysseus arrives at home), 258

Books 21-24 (Odysseus triumphant), 258-59

Calypso episode, 65, 113-14, 118, 256, 257

Circe episode, 38, 66-67, 69-73, 75, 76, 83, 96-98, 236, 237, 257

Cyclops episode, 42-50, 61, 236, 256

dangerous women in, 65-66

deadly fjord episode, 60-64, 236, 256

as homecoming epic, 1, 2, 3, 36

king of the winds episode, 52-56, 59, 256

Lotus Land episode, 36, 38, 41, 256

mētis
of Odysseus in, 205-6

Odysseus among the dead episode, 76-80, 82-84, 174, 257

Odysseus at home episodes, 3-4, 120-45, 246, 257-59

Phaeacians episode, 12-18, 33, 104, 105, 118-19, 256, 257

raid on Ismarus episode, 20, 26, 32, 34, 35, 43, 61, 236, 256, 269
n

Scylla and Charybdis episode, 96-99, 107, 112, 257

Sirens episode, 86-87, 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 257

sun god's cattle episode, 100-102, 107, 236, 257

and traumas of Odysseus, 243

Trojan Horse ruse recounted in, 233
see also
Odysseus

Olson, Monte (VWAR), xiv, 188

Olympic Games, 77-78

Olympus, Mount (as home of Homeric gods), 107, 145, 256

101st Airborne Division Association, 40, 41

One Station Unit Training (OSUT), 293
n
see also
COHORT program, U.S. Army

open spaces, fear of, 64, 150

opiates, 38

opposing force (OPFOR) units, 223

Orsillo, Susan M., 281
n

OSUT (One Station Unit Training), 293
n
see also
COHORT program, U.S. Army

Otto, Rudolf, 287
n,
299
n

Oulixes, 143
see also
Odysseus

overexcitement, 40

Owens, Wilfred, 137-38, 172

Palaima, Thomas G., 7, 269
n

Palladium (statue of Athena at Troy), 233

Panathenaea (Athenian festival), 103

Pandarus (Trojan archer), 298
n

Parameters
(journal),
Achilles in Vietnam
reviewed in, xvi

paranoia, 63, 152

Paris (Trojan prince, instigator of Trojan War), 298
n

Parry, Hugh, 268
n

Parsons, Talcott, 286
n

Path to Victory, The: America's Army and the Revolution in Human Affairs
(Vandergriff), 6, 266

patient vs. client, 285
n-
86
n

Patroclus (older foster brother of Achilles), 83, 232, 267
n,
298
n

Achilles and, 243

funeral games for, 243

“pattern variables,” 286
n

peace, 124, 145

military service and, 252

size of society and, 251
see also
war

peace of mind, 33

penance, 152, 245

sacrament of, 153

Penelope (wife of Odysseus), 65, 120, 122, 123, 128, 255

mētis
of, 74, 281
n

Odysseus' reunion with, 130-34, 137, 145, 246, 259

shroud woven by, 74, 132

suitors of,
see
suitors of Penelope

Pentagon, September 11 attack on, 253

Peradotto, John, 268
n,
280
n,
282
n

perfectionism, 58-59

Pericles, 7, 235-36

Persian Gulf War, 220

Phaeacians, Land of, 12-18, 33, 104, 105, 118-19, 256, 257

philia,
158-59

philos
(comrade), 158, 159, 249

physical reductionism, 247

Pindar, 77, 78

piracy, 26, 270
n

pistis
(trust), 287
n

Pitman, R. K., 282
n

Plato, 103, 156, 157, 242

plunder and booty, Odysseus', 281
n

poinē
(revenge), 124

political left, treatment of Vietnam veterans by, 249

political participation, by veterans, 177

political right, treatment of Vietnam veterans by, 249

Politics
(Aristotle), 157, 227, 248

Polyphemus (Cyclops), 45-46, 49

polysubstance abuse, 40

Poole, H. John, 293
n

Poseidon (sea god, god of earthquakes, father of Polyphemus), 49, 50, 145

positive leadership, 226

Posttraumatic Gazette, The
Web site, 262

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 98, 164, 192 complex,
see
complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

danger expected by sufferers of, 245

and hierarchy of suffering, 79

and hostility toward women, 73

narcissism and, 161

prevention of, 242

recovery from, 4, 5, 38, 64, 174, 178

repetitive cycling in, 285
n

and sex, 118

simple,
see
simple Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

social conditions causing, 160

social-relational aspects of, 288
n

and substance abuse, 36, 93-94

survival adaptations and, 40, 64, 149-50

symptoms of, 141-42, 161-62, 281
n

treatment of, 4, 178, 286
n

trust destroyed by, 151, 116

as war injury, 4

Web site, 262

power:

coercive attempts at dominance, 161

ethical uses of, 242

powerlessness, 248

Pressfield, Steven, 210, 293
n

prevention of psychological and moral injuries, 5, 205, 206, 243

cohesion and, 219

ethical use of power and, 242

leadership performance and, 225, 227

military personnel policy and, 6

unit associations and, 221-22

preventive medicine programs, 88-89

Price, A. W., 284
n

pride, 158

prisons, employment opportunities in, 25-26

private veterans' preference in hiring, 52

Prodigal Soldiers: How the Generation of Officers Born of Vietnam Revolutionized the American Style of War
(Kitfield), 222

Promotion Surgeries
(cartoon), 228-29

prostitutes, 117, 118

Vietnamese, 70-72

“protected person,” 224

Proteus (shape-changing god, “Old Man of the Sea”), 161-62

psychological and moral injuries, 1-2, 33

cohesion and, 212

prevention of,
see
prevention of psychological and moral injuries

PTSD,
see
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder recovery from,
see
recovery

replacement system and, 209

treatment of, 4, 178, 286
n

PTSD,
see
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

public veterans' preference in hiring, 51

Pucci, Pietro, 91, 92, 269
n,
277
n

Puller, Lewis B., Jr., 5, 179

Internet discussion of suicide by, 180-98

wife and children of, 183, 197-98

Puller, Lewis B. “Chesty,” 179, 183

Pulver, Sydney, 284
n

purification after battle, 152, 153, 244-45

Pylos, 126

Qaeda, al-, 301
n

rage, 88, 159, 161

function of, 80

and violation of
thumos,
156

rape, of Vietnamese prostitutes, 70

Raphals, Lisa, 297
n

rationality, in military culture, 211, 212

Rauch S. L., 282
n

RCS (Readjustment Counseling Service) Web site, 262

Readjustment Counseling Service (RCS) Web site, 262

“ReallyCares,” 190, 289
n

recognition, desire for, 156

reconnaissance, 231, 237

Recovering from the War: A Woman's Guide to Helping Your Vietnam Veteran, Your Family, and Yourself
(Mason), 262

recovery:

communalization of trauma and, 243-44, 299
n

in community, 4, 5

spontaneous, 178

stages of, 168-69, 174, 175

starting points for, 38

and unit associations, 222

by unlearning combat adaptations, 64

recruits, screening of, 214

Reichsheer (German army), 295
n

Reinhardt, Karl, 273
n

relationships:

losses of, 174

renegotiation of, 175

religion:

purification rituals of, 152, 153, 245

as source of courage, 212

Remarque, Erich Maria, 12, 16, 270
n

“Remembrance” (Newberry), 171-72

replacement system, in U.S. military services, 209-10, 214-19, 221, 229, 264

and average annual unit changes, 294
n-
95
n

Resch, John P., 154, 284
n

respect, veteran need for, 245-46

revenge, 125, 282
n

Revolutionary War veterans, 154, 155

rhapsodes, 103

rhētor
(persuasive public speaker), 176

Rhetoric
(Aristotle), 227

Richards, Chester W., 297
n

Richards, Chet and Ginger, 297
n

Richardson, Scott, 268
n

“right stuff” theory of good military performance, 212, 214, 293
n

risk-taking behavior, 39, 44-45, 50, 160

Road Back, The
(Remarque), 12, 16, 32

Rodríguez, Lillian, 164, 165

Rodriguez, Michael W. (VWAR), 199

Roemer, Lizabeth, 281
n

Rohde, Richard R., 288
n

Roisman, Hanna, 91, 102, 276
n,
277
n,
278
n

Roman Catholic religion, 153

Roman purification ceremony, 153

Root, Elihu, 209

Rorty, Amélie, 156, 284
n,
288
n

Rosenberger, John, 223, 296
n

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 156

safety:

at home, 245

recovery and, 38, 168, 176

Saigh, Philip A., 276
n

scar, on Odysseus' thigh, 133, 139, 142-44, 274
n

Schein, Seth, 273
n

Schmid, Alex P., 286
n

scholiasts (ancient commentators on Homer), 122

Schueckler, Jim (VWAR), 193, 198

Virtual Wall Web site, 261

scientific management, 227

Taylor's theory of, 209

Scylla and Charybdis, 66, 75, 96-99, 257

SEAL teams, 110, 283
n,
297
n

secondary trauma, 83, 276
n