"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich (311 page)

Urteilskorrekturen. See
rectification of rulings

U.S. Supreme Court, 585
n
, 932
n

values: Hitler on, 591
n;
traditional, Nazi cooptation of, 532.
See also
moral standards

van den Bruck, Moeller, 44

Vatican Concordat, 223, 724–25
n

venereal diseases, 813
n

veterinarians, Jewish, 139, 140

violence: “acts of,” legal definitions of, 332–33, 504, 890
n;
after Nazi seizure of power, 79, 127, 629
n;
by Poles against Germans, 413–14, 418, 439, 441, 515–16; responsibility of special authorities for, 541–42, 544–45.
See also
police actions

violent offenders, 338–39

vital statistics, registrars of, 382

Volk
, 41–42, 610
n
, 611
n
, 616
n;
and state, 38, 41, 608
n
, 611
n

“
völkisch
,” idea of the, 39–43, 611
n

“
völkisch
” community. See
Volksgemeinschaft

“
völkisch
” constitution, doctrine of, 15–17, 38, 42, 43, 591
n
, 612
n

völkisch
equality, 43–49

völkisch
inequality principle, 49–56, 616
n
, 617
n;
applied to personal liaisons, 56, 64–65; applied to racial groups, 56–64; applied to “undesirable” persons/groups, 66–73; and civil status, 382; definition of, 51; implementation in Altreich, 79–185, 325–401, 823
n;
implementation in Annexed Eastern Territories, 187–259, 403–85; implementation in General Government, 261–321, 487–529; political motivations for, 62–64; racial superiority and, 53–54, 618–19
n;
in substantive civil law, 379–97; unlimited applicability of, 66–73; and
völkisch
equality, 43–49; and
Volksgemeinschaft
, 35–43, 71

völkisch
judge, 22

Volksdeutsche:
definition of, 737
n. See also
Germans

Volksgemeinschaft
(
völkisch
community), 35–36, 43, 327, 341, 378, 607
n
, 608
n;
exclusion of “undesirable” Germans from, 67, 71, 618
n;
individual and, 47, 615
n;
racial basis of, 36–38

Volksgenosse
, 45, 612
n
, 616
n

Volksrecht
, 378–79

Volk
studies, 346, 837
n

vom Rath, Ernst, assassination, Nazi reaction to, 157, 158, 671
n

wages: of “alien” workers in Altreich, 150–51; in Annexed Eastern Territories, 232, 233–34, 735
n;
in General Government, 298, 302–6, 797
n
, 801–2
n

Walbaum, Josef, 312

Wannsee Protocol (Jan. 20, 1942), text of, 555–71

war, “extraordinary circumstances due to,” 417, 875
n

war crimes, 337; amnesty for, 432

War Economy Penal Code, 337

War Penal Code, 493

warrants, arrests without, 360, 503

Warsaw: accreditation of attorneys in, 299; case of Dr. Hagen in, 300–301; German administration in, 773
n
, 776
n
, 917
n;
German cultural programs in, 784
n;
Jewish businesses in, 295, 794
n
, 795
n;
Jewish resettlements from, 506–7; Jews in, 777
n
, 816
n;
political executions in, 517–19, 926–27
n;
radios in, 318; schools in, 788
n;
special courts in, 510–11, 923
n;
Supreme Court in, 491

Warsaw Ghetto, 313, 315, 772
n
, 779
n
, 815–18
n;
deportations from, 814
n

Warthegau (Wartheland), 74; administration of, 197, 200, 204, 211, 717
n
, 870
n;
church policy in, 725
n;
citizenship policy in, 740
n;
civil law in, 474; Civil Service law in, 230–31; communications restrictions in, 256; conditions for Jews in, 749
n;
cultural goods restrictions in, 256–57; dispute over German police law in, 215, 216–21, 719–22
n;
educational policy in, 224, 225, 726
n;
ethnic-racial classifications in, 239, 241; freedom of movement restrictions in, 249–50, 251–53, 745
n
, 746–47
n
, 748
n; vs
. General Government, 319; Germanization policy in, 194–95, 204, 205–6, 239, 241, 703
n
, 713
n;
labor policy in, 232–35, 734
n
, 735
n;
marriage policy in, 247, 248; NSDAP in, 199, 704
n
, 706–7
n;
penal law in, 403, 408–9, 446; penal law sentencing in, 331–32; police courts-martial in, 453–55, 457–58, 899
n
, 902
n;
radio confiscations in, 255, 751–52
n;
resettlement/deportation policy of, 750
n;
segregation policy in, 207, 208, 212; sentencing statistics, 888
n
, 891
n
, 894
n;
severity of special law in, 538, 931
n;
shopping restrictions in, 258, 753–54
n;
special courts in, 439–40; special regulations in, 222–59; use of German Municipal Code in, 211.
See also
Posen (Pozna
)

wartime, function of police in, 351

wartime penal law, 442

war veterans: definition of “frontline soldier,” 90, 636
n;
exemptions for, 86, 90, 91, 137–39, 222, 661
n

Watchtower Bible Tract Society, 69

Wasserpolen
, 240

Watzke, Adolf, 767
n

weapons, illegal possession of, 418, 451, 453, 514, 880
n
, 916
n

Weber, Werner, 633
n

Weh, Albert, 767
n
, 782
n

Wehrmacht: administrative actions in Eastern Europe, 192–93; fraternization with Poles, 205, 210.
See also
armed forces, German

Weimar Constitution: annulment of, 45–46, 612
n
, 613–14
n;
on equality, 52; violations of, 92, 93, 127, 638
n

Weimar Republic: civil servants’ attitudes toward, 84; condemnation of, 12, 15, 19, 45; demands for unequal treatment of “aliens” in, 53; Führer principle under, 11, 12–13

“welfare institutions” (workhouses), 824
n

welfare policy: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 222, 723
n;
in General Government, 304, 306–7, 807–8
n;
for Jews in Altreich, 156, 164, 663
n
, 671
n
, 677–78
n

Wendt, E., 382

Western Europe, Nazi plans for, 692
n

Western Europeans: in Altreich, 152, 180, 369, 688
n;
treatment of, 62, 73

widow’s benefits, claims for, 382, 659–60
n

Wille, Kurt, 495, 767
n
, 821
n
, 913
n
, 915
n

will of the Führer, 14, 590
n

Winter Relief Fund, 443

witnesses: German, in Polish courts, 491; “non-German,” in civil process, 399–400; in penal process, 343–45, 434, 506, 834
n

women: behavior toward, 329, 335–36, 826
n;
in Civil Service, 605
n
, 638
n;
involved in inter-racial liaisons, 180–81, 209, 688–89
n
, 714
n;
nonprosecution of, 333, 825
n;
status under Nazism, 72, 628
n

work discipline: for “alien” workers in Reich, 152–53, 182, 668
n;
penalty for breaches of, 593
n

workers: in Annexed Eastern Territories, 249; from Western Europe, 152, 180, 688
n. See also
“alien” workers in Altreich; “eastern workers”; labor law and policy

workers’ camps.
See
labor camps

workhouses, 824
n

Working Hours Decree (April 30, 1938), 233

work training camps, 153, 668
n
, 877
n

Württemberg, 176

Würzburg, 633
n

Zadik, B., 331

Zeitschrift der Fachgruppe Rechtsanwälte im BNSDJ
, 583
n

Zentrum (Center Party), 87, 634
n

Zichenau, 216, 224; civil law in, 474; freedom of movement restrictions in, 250; Germanization in, 204; labor policy in, 234; marriage policy in, 246; police courts-martial in, 459; segregation policy in, 209; sentencing statistics, 444, 883
n
, 894
n
, 895
n;
special courts in, 439–40; use of German Municipal Code in, 211

Zörner, Ernst, 510

About the Author

Born in West Germany, Diemut Majer studied law and political science at various German universities and at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Bologna, Italy; she obtained a Ph.D. degree in public law at the University of Freiburg (Germany). Having served six years as a judge and attorney at an administrative court and three years as an assistant to the Constitutional Court of (West) Germany in Karlsruhe, she was until 2001 a professor of administrative law at the Federal College of Public Administration in Mannheim, Germany. She is a professor of public law, constitutional legal history, and comparative law at the University of Bern and a lecturer in European law at the University of Karlsruhe.

Professor Majer’s works include
“Fremdvölkische” im Dritten Reich
(Boppard am Rhein: Bundesarchiv Koblenz, 1981, 1993);
Recht, Verwaltung und Justiz im Nationalsozialismus
(with M. Hirsch and J. Meinck) (Cologne/Baden-Baden: NOMOS-Verlag, 1984, 1997);
Neutralitätsrecht und Neutralitätspolitik am Beispiel Österreichs und der Schweiz
(Heidelberg: Deckers-Verlag, 1987);
Grundlagen des nationalsozialistischen Rechtssystems: Führerprinzip, Sonderrecht, Einheitspartei
(Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1987);
Der lange Weg zu Freiheit und Gleichheit: 14 Vorlesungen zur Rechtsstellung der Frau in der Geschichte
(Vienna: Wiener Universitätsverlag, 1995); two other monographs in the field of constitutional law (1966, 1981); and numerous articles and book reviews in the fields of constitutional history, constitutional law, environmental law, comparative law, and European law.

Copyright © 2013 by Diemut Majer

Originally published as
“Fremdvölkische” im Dritten Reich: Ein Beitrag zur nationalsozialistischen Rechtssetzung und Rechtspraxis in Verwaltung und Justiz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der eingegliederten Ostgebiete und des Generalgouvernements
(Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Schriften des Bundesarchivs 28)

© Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard am Rhien, 1981; 2nd edition Oldenbourg Verlag, Munchen, 1993

English translation © 2003 by Diemut Majer

First English edition published by Johns Hopkins University Press

All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including electronic storage and retrieval systems, except by explicit prior written permission of the publisher. Brief passages excerpted for review and critical purposes are excepted.

The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997).∞