New York at War (58 page)

48
Pybus,
Epic Journeys
, 26, 31, 33–34, 212, 218, 219; Hodges,
Root & Branch
, 151–152, 159.

49
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1021–1022, 1058, 1100–1101; Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 275.

50
Burrows,
Forgotten Patriots
, xi, 200–201, 209–210; Kenneth T. Jackson, “The Forgotten Saga of New York’s Prison Ships,”
Seaport: New York’s History Magazine
24, no. 1 (Summer 1990): 26–28; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1040, 1133, 1153; Wertenbaker,
Father Knickerbocker
, 161–164; Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 274–275; Philip Papas, “Richmond County, Staten Island,” in Tiedemann and Fingerhut, eds.,
The Other New York
, 94–95; Judith L. Van Buskirk,
Generous Enemies: Patriots and Loyalists in Revolutionary New York
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 193.

51
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1009, 1108.

52
Ibid., 5:1069–1070, 1071, 1094, 1096, 1114; Rose,
Washington’s Spies
, 178; Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 310–312, 315–317.

53
Rose,
Washington’s Spies
, 15, 90, 101, 125. 132–133, 154.

54
Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 324; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1054, 1092, 1100, 1132.

55
Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 345.

56
Ibid., 347–348, 353–354; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1132.

57
Schecter,
Battle for New York
, 354–355; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1134–1135.

58
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1135.

59
Ibid., 5:1138–1139.

60
Ibid., 5:1169, 1172, 1173.

61
Wertenbaker,
Father Knickerbocker
, 250, 251, 257.

62
Ibid., 260–266; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1159, 1160–1161, 1168; Pybus,
Epic Journeys
, 67–68; Van Buskirk,
Generous Enemies
, 175–176; Hodges,
Root & Branch
, 158.

63
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1180.

Chapter 5

1
Diary
(New York), July 30, 1793, 2, August 6, 1793, 3;
New-York Journal, & Patriotic Register
, July 31, 1793, 3, August 7, 1793, 3; Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes,
The Iconography of Manhattan Island
(New York: R. H. Dodd, 1915–1928), 5:1299.

2
New York
Diary
, August 2, 1793, 3, August 3, 1793, 3, August 6, 1793, 3;
New-York Journal, & Patriotic Register
, August 7, 1793, 3; New York
Weekly Museum,
August 3, 1793, 3.

3
Charles William Janson,
The Stranger in America, 1796–1806
(New York: The Press of the Pioneers, 1935), 439; New York
Weekly Museum
, August 3, 1793, 3; New York
Diary
, August 6, 1793, 3.

4
Janson,
Stranger
, 439.

5
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1296, 1297, 1300; ibid., 439–440.

6
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1476.

7
John P. Kaminski,
George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic
(Madison, WI: Madison House Publishers, 1993), 240.

8
Ibid., 241; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1307–1309, 1353–1355.

9
Stokes,
Iconography,
1354–1355, 1356.

10
James Fulton Zimmerman,
Impressment of American Seamen
(Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1966), 30, 33–35.

11
William M. P. Dunne and Frederick C. Leiner, “An ‘Appearance of Menace’: The Royal Navy’s Incursion in New York Bay, September 1807,”
The Log of Mystic Seaport
44, no. 44 (Spring 1993): 90–91; Paul A. Gilje,
Liberty on the Waterfront: American Maritime Culture in the Age of Revolution
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 158.

12
Alfred F. Young,
The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 1763–1797
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967), 478; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1445–1446; Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace,
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 409–410.

13
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1472; Dunne and Leiner, “‘Appearance,’” 89–91.

14
John C. Fredriksen, “Williams, Jonathan,” in
American National Biography
, ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 23:483–484; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1450.

15
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1464–1465.

16
Ibid., 5:1450–1451, 1464–1465, 1466–1468, 1469–1470, 1478–1479, 1496, 1538; R. S. Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity During the War of 1812–15
(New York: Charles L. Woodward, 1889), 1:68, 69.

17
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1463, 1468–1470, 1478, 1491, 1496, 1499, 1515, 1526, 1538, 1559.

18
Ibid., 5:1549; William S. Dudley, editor,
The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History
(Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 1985), 1:119.

19
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1475–1478, 1536, 1545, 1550; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:9.

20
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:17, 188–189.

21
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1550, 1564, 1570; Ibid., 1:123, 125–126, 317; R. S. Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity During the War of 1812–15
(New York: Charles L. Woodward, 1895), 2:530, 532–534; Robert G. Albion,
The Rise of New York Port: 1815–1860
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1939), 287, 289; Dudley, ed.,
Naval War
, 1: 296–298, 303, 315, 324, 370, 502.

22
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:20–21, 345–353; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:66–67, 270, 404–406; David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, editors,
Encyclopedia of the War of 1812
(Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1997), 36–37, 182–185.

23
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:120–121.

24
Ibid., 1:275–276, 381, 383; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1541, 1561.

25
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:217–218, 273.

26
Ibid., 1:120; Dudley, ed.,
Naval War
, 1:202.

27
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:218–219, 277.

28
Ibid., 1:86–87, 202.

29
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1543, 1555, 1557; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:39–40; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:116.

30
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:142–144.

31
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:12, 166–167, 173–175, 179, 301, 325–326, 344; ibid., 2:40–42, 87–88, 307; William S. Dudley, editor,
The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History
(Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 1992), 2:39–41, 52, 106; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1561.

32
Dudley, ed.,
Naval War
, 2:109; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:216.

33
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:266–267, 298–300; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1564.

34
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:382–383.

35
Kirkpatrick Sale,
The Fire of His Genius: Robert Fulton and the American Dream
(New York: Touchstone, 2002), 6, 66–67, 81, 96, 105, 112–113, 141.

36
Barnet Schecter,
The Battle for New York: The City at the Heart of the American Revolution
(New York: Penguin Books, 2002), 171–174; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1463, 1467; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:277–279; “Plans for Defending Our Harbour. By William Wizard, Esq.,”
Salmagundi
No. XIII, Friday, August 14, 1807, in Washington Irving,
History, Tales and Sketches
(New York: The Library of America, 1983), 239–240.

37
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1559, 1560; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:277–280.

38
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1567, 1568, 1571, 1572, 1577; Sale,
Fire
, 158–160.

39
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1576, 1577, 1582, 1582; Sale,
Fire
, 171, 179.

40
Sale,
Fire
, 169, 179–180.

41
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1565; Raymond A. Mohl,
Poverty in New York: 1783–1825
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), 113–114.

42
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 1:5, 8, 216, 217, 236.

43
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1561, 1571; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:90, 151, 213.

44
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1481, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1577; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:45–46, 190–191, 389–400.

45
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1574; Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2: 247.

46
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2: 196, 199, 230, 293, 331; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1573–1574, 1576.

47
New York
Columbian
, September 1, 1814, 3.

48
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1574;
New-York Evening Post
, August 22, 1814, 2.

49
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2: 232–233; Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1575.

50
Michael J. Crawford, editor,
The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History
(Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 2002), 3:129, 133.

51
Guernsey,
New York City and Vicinity
, 2:222.

52
Ibid., 2:456–457.

53
Ibid., 2:441.

54
Stokes,
Iconography
, 5:1558.

Chapter 6

1
Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, editors,
The Diary of George Templeton Strong
(New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:124, 127.

2
Ibid., 3:129, 236; Emory Holloway, editor,
The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman
(New York: Doubleday, 1921), 142; George J. Lanke-vich,
New York City: A Short History
(New York: New York University Press, 2002), 68.

3
Mike Wallace, “Nueva York: The Back Story,” in
Nueva York: 1613–1945
, ed. Edward J. Sullivan (New York: New-York Historical Society, 2010), 26–28, 38; Thomas P. Southwick,
A Duryee Zouave
(Brookneal, VA: Patrick A. Schroeder Publications, 1995), 36.

4
Maria Lydig Daly,
Diary of a Union Lady, 1861–1865
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 19–21; Edward K. Spann,
Gotham at War: New York City, 1860–1865
(Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2002), 21, 23, 25; Ernest A. McKay,
The Civil War and New York City
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1990), 63.

5
Nevins and Thomas,
Strong Diary
, 3:169; Daly,
Diary
, 41.

6
Robert G. Albion,
The Rise of New York Port, 1815–1860
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1939), 400.

7
McKay,
Civil War and New York
, 13, 18; Warren S. Howard,
American Slavers and the Federal Law, 1837–1862
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963), 49–53, 79, 81–83, 127–129, 223, 224–235, 249–252; Philip S. Foner,
Business and Slavery: The New York Merchants and the Irrepressible Conflict
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941), 164–168.

8
McKay,
Civil War and New York
, 19, 44, 45; Harold Holzer, “Housekeeping on Its Own Terms: Abraham Lincoln in New York,” in
State of the Union: New York and the Civil War
, ed. Harold Holzer (New York: Fordham University Press, 2002), 4, 8.

9
Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, editors,
The Diary of George Templeton Strong
(New York: Macmillan, 1952), 2:240, 273–274, 480.

10
Ibid., 2:182; McKay,
Civil War and New York
, 231.

11
Hasia R. Diner, “‘The Most Irish City in the Union’: The Era of the Great Migration, 1844–1877,” in
The New York Irish
, ed. Ronald H. Bayor and Timothy J. Meagher (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 92; McKay,
Civil War and New York
, 296; Adrian Cook,
The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1974), 14.

12
Barnet Schecter,
The Devil’s Own Work: The Civil War Draft Riots and the Fight to Reconstruct America
(New York: Walker, 2006), 70; Iver Bernstein,
The New York City Draft Riots: Their Significance for American Society and Politics in the Age of the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 146.