Native Seattle (50 page)

24.
Lynda V. Mapes, “Bones Unearthed; Reburial Carries Hefty Price,”
Seattle Times
, 19 October 2002.

25.
Peter H. Jackson, “The Love Song of J. Timothy Eyman,”
Seattle Weekly
, 31 January 2002, 24; Sherman Alexie, “Rapid Transit,”
Seattle Stranger
, 14 November 2002, 17;
Seattle Weekly
, 28 May 2003; and “Life and Times of Seattle,”
Seattle Times
, 16 November 2001.

26.
Emmett Watson,
Digressions of a Native Son
(Seattle: Pacific Institute, 1982); Emmett Watson,
My Life in Print
(Seattle: Lesser Seattle Publishing, 1993); and Fred Moody,
Seattle and the Demons of Ambition
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003), 24, 91, 106, 252, 279.

27.
Robert Ferrigno, “Kiss My Tan Line: How Californians Saved Seattle,”
www.slate.com
, 1 November 1996; and Julia Sommerfeld, “Our Social Dis-Ease,”
Seattle Times
magazine section, 13 February 2005.

28.
Sara Jean Green, “Duwamish Site May Be Sacred, but It's Slated for Development,”
Seattle Times
, 4 September 2001; and Eric Mathison, “Hill Rich in Heritage Preserved,”
Highline Times
, 23 June 2004.

29.
Lisa Stiffler, “Park Gives Little Salmon a Refuge,”
Seattle P-I
, 4 June 2001; and Caitlin Cleary, “New Park Sprouts on Old Waste Site,”
Seattle Times
, 4 June 2001.

30.
Daniel K. Richter,
Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 10.

31.
Ibid.

An Atlas of Indigenous Seattle

1.
Waterman, “Geographical Names,” 186.

2.
Ibid., 178, 186.

3.
For coverage of Harrington's life and work, see the special issue of
Anthropological Linguistics
(33, no. 4, Winter 1991) devoted to his legacy. Discussion of Harrington's time in Seattle and an index to the field notes used in this atlas can found in Miles,
Papers
. For a rare example of Harrington's opinions about Native sophistication, see his brief laudatory comments on Chumash boat-making and Pomo basketry in Travis Hudson, Janice Timbrook, and Melissa Rempe, eds.,
Tomol: Chumash Watercraft as Described in the Ethnographic Notes of John P. Harrington
(Santa Barbara, CA: Ballena Press/Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 1978).

4.
Cadastral Survey Field Notes and Plats for Oregon and Washington
(Denver: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1982);
Duwamish et al. vs. United States,
exhibit W-2; Erna Gunther,
Ethnobotany of Western Washington: The Knowledge and Use of Indigenous Plants by Native Americans
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1945).

5.
Waterman, “Geographical Names,” 178.

6.
The spelling of personal names in the atlas entries remains the same as in the bulk of this volume.

7.
References consulted in retranscribing and retranslating include Warren Snyder,
Southern Puget Sound Salish
; George Gibbs,
A Dictionary of the Niskwalli Indian Language—Western Washington,
Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. 1 (Washington: Department of the Interior, 1877); Bates, Hess, and Hilbert,
Lushootseed Dictionary
; Nile Thompson,
A Preliminary Dictionary of the Twana Language
(Shelton, WA: Twana Language Project, Skokomish Indian Tribe, 1979); Ballard,
Mythology of Southern Puget Sound
; and Aert H. Kuipers, “Salish Etymological Dictionary,”
University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics
16 (2002).

8.
The “mallard” reference can be found in Larson and Lewarch,
Archaeology of West Point
, 1–14.

9.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 133.

10.
See, e.g., Harvey Manning and Penny Manning,
Walks and Hikes on the Beaches around Puget Sound
(Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1995).

11.
Thompson, “Original Residents of Shilshole Bay,” 10.

12.
Jay Wells, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, personal communication.

13.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 69; Miller and Onat,
Winds, Waterways, and Weirs
, 75–82.

14.
Warren Snyder,
Southern Puget Sound Salish,
131.

15.
Emily Denny,
Blazing the Way
, 137–39; Gordon R. Newell,
Westward to Alki: The Story of David and Louisa Denny
(Seattle: Superior Publishing Co., 1977), 83–84, 89–90.

16.
For the full report of the excavation, see Larson and Lewarch,
Archaeology of West Point
.

17.
George Vancouver,
A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world; in which the coast of north-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed
(London: J. Stockdale, 1801), 512–13.

18.
For this genre of stories, see Ballard,
Mythology of Southern Puget Sound
.

19.
Arthur Denny,
Pioneer Days on Puget Sound
, 17; Mary McWilliams,
Seattle Water Department History, 1854–1954
(Seattle: Dogwood Press, 1955), 4–6.

20.
Bass,
Pig-Tail Days in Old Seattle
, 37; Emily Denny,
Blazing the Way
, 9.

21.
Waterman, “Geographical Names,” 188.

22.
Bass,
Pig-Tail Days in Old Seattle
, 152.

23.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 135.

24.
Ibid., 59; Jay Miller,
Lushootseed Culture
, 11–12.

25.
Marian Smith, “Petroglyph Complexes,” 315.

26.
Duwamish et al. vs. United States
, 697.

27.
See Sarah K. Campbell,
The Duwamish No. 1 Site: A Lower Puget Sound Shell Midden
(Seattle: University of Washington Institute for Environmental Studies, Office of Public Archaeology, 1981); and
The Duwamish No. 1 Site: 1986 Data Recovery
(Seattle: BOAS, 1987).

28.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 127; William W. Elmendorf,
The Structure of Twana Culture
(Pullman: Washington State University, 1960), 51.

29.
“Duwamish Duck Marsh of Century Ago Has Developed into Seattle's ‘Golden Shore,’”
Seattle Business
33 (1949): 2.

30.
Warren Snyder,
Southern Puget Sound Salish
, 131.

31.
Nile Robert Thompson and C. Dale Sproat, “The Use of Oral Literature to Provide Community Health Education on the Southern Northwest Coast,”
American Indian Culture and Research Journal
28, no. 3 (2004): 15–16.

32.
Interview with Florence “Dosie” Starr Wynn, Alki/Transfer CSO Facilities Project Traditional Cultural Properties, MIT.

33.
Ballard,
Mythology of Southern Puget Sound
, 55–64. Detailed discussion of the many versions of this epic can be found in Miller and Onat,
Winds, Waterways, and Weirs
.

34.
Ballard,
Mythology of Southern Puget Sound
, 64.

35.
Ibid., 60.

36.
Ibid., 121–22; interview with Ellen Bena Williams, Alki/Transfer CSO Facilities Project Traditional Cultural Properties, MIT.

37.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 68.

38.
Ibid., 57, 62.

39.
Waterman,
Puget Sound Geography
, 19.

40.
In his
Notes on the Ethnology of the Indians of Puget Sound
, Waterman describes the process: “‘Indian red’ (ochre)...is dug from the ground, kneaded by the women into lumps, and baked. The lumps are then broken open and the reddest portions picked out. These are pounded up as fine as flour, and mixed with salmon eggs.... This combination gives a beautiful dull red, which seems to adhere to a surface almost as well as our commercial paints, though it has no gloss” (47).

41.
There was a Suquamish site with a similar name west of Gorst:
sHábdoop
‘drying place’.

42.
Bass,
Pig-Tail Days in Old Seattle
, 152.

43.
For discussion of the boulder, see Maria Dolan and Kathryn True,
Nature in the City: Seattle
(Seattle: The Mountaineers Books, 2003), 243–44.

44.
Marian Smith,
Puyallup-Nisqually
, 70; Hermann Haeberlin and Erna Gunther,
The Indians of Puget Sound
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1930), 75.

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Northwest Lands, Northwest Peoples: Readings in Environmental History
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Alexie, Sherman.
Indian Killer.
New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996.

American Friends Service Committee.
Uncommon Controversy: Fishing Rights of Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Nisqually Indians
. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972.

American Indian Culture and Research Journal
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Anderson, Eva Greenslit.
Chief Seattle.
Caldwell: Caxton Printers, 1943.

Armbruster, Kurt E.
Orphan Road: The Railroad Comes to Seattle, 1853–1911.
Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1999.

Asher, Brad.
Beyond the Reservation: Indians, Settlers, and the Law in Washington Territory, 1853–1889.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.

Atwood, A.
Glimpses in Pioneer Life on Puget Sound.
Seattle: Denny-Correll, 1903.

Bagley, Clarence B. “Chief Seattle and Angeline.”
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———.
History of King County, Washington
. Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1929.

———.
History of Seattle from the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time.
3 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1916.

Bahr, Howard M., Bruce A. Chadwick, and Joseph H. Stauss. “Discrimination against Urban Indians in Seattle.”
Indian Historian
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Baillargeon, Emily. “Seattle Now: A Letter.”
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Baist's Real Estate Atlas of Surveys of Seattle, Wash.
Philadelphia: Baist, 1905.

Ballard, Arthur C.
Mythology of Southern Puget Sound.
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1929.

———.
Some Tales of the Southern Puget Sound Salish.
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1927.

Barsh, Russel. “Puget Sound Indian Demography, 1900–1920: Migration and Economic Integration.”
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Bass, Sophie Frye.
Pigtail Days in Old Seattle.
Portland, OR: Metropolitan Press, 1937.

———.
When Seattle Was a Village.
Seattle: Lowman and Hanford, 1947.

Basso, Keith H.
Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache.
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.

Bates, Dawn, Thom Hess, and Vi Hilbert.
Lushootseed Dictionary
. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.

Bauxar, J. Joseph. “History of the Illinois Area.” In
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edited by William C. Sturtevant, vol. 15,
Northeast
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Beaton, Welford.
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Bergland, Renée.
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Berkhofer, Robert F., Jr.
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Berner, Richard C.
Seattle, 1900–1920: From Boomtown, Urban Turbulence, to Restoration.
Seattle: Charles Press, 1991.

———.
Seattle, 1921–1940: From Boom to Bust.
Seattle: Charles Press, 1992.

———.
Seattle Transformed: World War II to Cold War.
Seattle: Charles Press, 1999.

Bernstein, Alison R.
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