Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (168 page)

Read Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols Online

Authors: Kate Raphael

Tags: #Arts & Photography, #Architecture, #Buildings, #History, #Middle East, #Egypt, #Politics & Social Sciences, #Social Sciences, #Human Geography, #Building Types & Styles, #World, #Medieval, #Humanities

BOOK: Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols
9.05Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Melville, C., “ ‘Sometimes by the sword, sometimes by the dagger’: the role of the
in Mamluk–Mongol relations in the 8th/14th century,” in
Medieval
History and Though
, ed. F. Daftary (Cambridge, 1996), 247–63.

Mesqui, J.,
Châteaux forts et fortifications en France
(Paris, 1997).

Meyvaert, P., “An unknown letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis IX of France,”
Viator
11 (1980): 245–60.

Michaudel, B., “The development of Islamic military architecture during the Ayyubid and Mamluk reconquest of Frankish Syria,” in
Military Architecture in Greater Syria
, ed. H. Kennedy (Leiden and Boston, 2006), 106–21.

Michaudel, B., “The use of fortifications as a political instrument by the Ayyubids and the Mamluks in Bilād al-Shām and Egypt (twelfth and thirteenth centuries),”
MSR
11/1 (2007): 55–67.

Milwright, M., “Central and southern Jordan in the Ayyubid period: historical and archaeological perspectives,”
JRAS
3 (2006): 1–27.

Molin, K.,
Unknown Crusader Castles
(London and New York, 2001).

Morgan, D. O., “The Mongol armies in Persia,”
DI
56 (1979): 81–96.

Morgan, D.,
The Mongols
(Oxford, 1986).

——
Medieval Persia 1040–1797
(London and New York, 1988).

Mouton, J. M., “ Shayzar,”
EI
2
9 (1997): 410–11.

——“Sadr au Sinaï, la forteresse de Saladin,”
Archéologie
, 410 (2004): 28–39.

Mouton, J. M.
et al.,
“La route de Saladin (
wa Ayla) au Sinaï,”
Annales Islamologiques
30 (1996): 42–70.

Muir, W.,
The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt 1260–1517
(Edinburgh, 1896).

Musil, A.,
The Middle Euphrates
(New York ,1927).

Müller-Wiener, W.,
Castles of the Crusaders,
trans. J. Brownjohn (London, 1966).

Needham, J.,
Science in Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective
(Hong Kong, 1981).

——
Science and Civilization in China
, vol. 5, pt. 7:
The Gunpowder Epic
(Cambridge 1986).

——
Science and Civilization in China,
vol. 5, pt. 6:
Military Technology: Missiles and Sieges
(Cambridge, 1994).

Nicola, Z.,
Urban Life in Syria
(Beirut, 1953).

Nicolle, D.,
Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era 1050–1350: Islam, Eastern Europe and Asia,
2nd edn (London and Mechanicsburg, PA, 1999).

Northrup, L. S.,
From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al Mansur Qalawun and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678–689
A.H.
/1279–1290
A.D.
)
(Wiesbaden, 1998).

Paillet, J.,
Le Chateau de Rahba
, PhD diss., Universite de Lyon 2, 1983, unpublished.

Parker, G., “The artillery fortress as an engine of European overseas expansion, 1480–1750,” in
City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective
, ed. J. D. Tracy (Cambridge, 2000), 386–416.

Parker, H. M. D.,
The Roman Legions
(Oxford, 1928).

Paterson, W. F., “The archers of Islam,”
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
9 (1966): 69–87.

Patton, D.,
Badr al-Dīn Lu’lu’, Atabeg of Mosul, 1211–1259
(Seattle, 1991).

Petersen, A., “Two forts on the medieval Hajj route in Jordan,”
ADAJ
35 (1991): 347–57.

——
Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
(London and New York, 1996).

Petry, C. F.,
Twilight of Majesty: The Reigns of the Mamluk Sultans al-Ashraf Qaytbay and Qansuh al-Ghawri in Egypt
(Seattle and London, 1993).

Poliak, A. N.,
Feudalism in Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and the Lebanon, 1250–1900
(London, 1939).

Powell, J. M.,
Anatomy of a Crusade 1213–1221
(University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1986).

Prawer, J.,
A History of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem,
2nd edn, 2 vols (Jerusalem, 1963). [Hebrew]

——
The Crusaders: A Colonial Society
, 2nd edn (Jerusalem, 1985). [Hebrew]

Pringle, D., “Reconstructing the castle of Safad,”
PEQ
117 (1985): 139–49.

——
The ed Tower (al Burj al
) Settlement in the Plain of Sharon at the Time of the Crusaders and Mamluks
A.D.
1099–1516
(London, 1986).

——“Towers of Crusader Palestine,”
Château Gaillard
16 (1994): 335–50.

——
Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
(Cambridge, 1997).

——
The Chuches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
(Cambridge, 1998), vol. 2.

——“Crusader castles in Jordan,” in
The Archaeology of Jordan
, eds. B. MacDonald, R. Adams and P. Bienkowski (Sheffield, 2001), 677–84.

Raba, J.,
Russian Travel Accounts on Palestine
(Jerusalem, 1986). [Hebrew]

Rabbat, N. O.
The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mamluk Architecture
(Leiden, New York and Cologne, 1995).

——“Architects and artists in Mamluk society: the perspective of the sources,”
Journal of Architectural Education
52 (1998), 30–7.

——“Perception of architecture in Mamluk sources,”
MSR
6 (2002): 155–76.

Ragette, F.,
Baalbek
(Princeton, NJ, 1980).

Raphael, K., “Archers in the Crusader Kingdom,” MA thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2001). [Hebrew]

——“The Al-Mansūrī’s mangonel stone balls: some new evidence from the Mamluk siege of Akko (1291),” in
, the Excavations of 1991–1998: II, The Later Periods
, eds E. Stern and D. Syon (IAA Reports). Forthcoming.

Raphael, K. and Tepper, Y., “The archaeological evidence from the Mamluk siege of Arsūf,”
MSR
9/1 (2005): 85–100.

Raudzens, G., “War-winning weapons: the measurement of technological determinism in military history,”
Journal of Military History
54 (1990): 403–33.

Rex Smith, G.,
Medieval Muslim Horsemanship: A Fourteenth-Century Arabic Manual
(London, 1979).

Riley-Smith, J.,
The Crusades: A Short History
(London, 1990).

Rosenthal, F., “
,”
EI
2
8 (1995): 759–60.

Other books

Corked by Cabernet by Michele Scott
Elisa by E. L. Todd
Coffin's Ghost by Gwendoline Butler
Reaper by Rachel Vincent
Purposes of Love by Mary Renault